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Author : Joseph Roy Nevins
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 432 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (212 download)
Download or read book Studies on the Structure and Synthesis of Vaccinia Virus Messenger RNA ... written by Joseph Roy Nevins and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Yechiel Becker
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461325854
Total Pages : 386 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (613 download)
Download or read book Viral Messenger RNA written by Yechiel Becker and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The nucleotide sequence of the gene from which messenger RNA mole cules are transcribed is in a form that can be translated by cellular ribosomes into the amino acid sequence of a particular polypeptide, the product of the gene. The discovery of messenger RNA more than twenty years ago led to a series of studies on its organization and function in cells in the presence of infecting viruses. This volume is devoted to current studies in the field of cellular and viral messenger RNA. The studies presented provide an insight into molecular and genetic aspects of messenger RNA. Special attention was paid by the authors to the molecular organization of mRNA species, to the processing of mRNA molecules, and to the different strategies employed by DNA and RNA viruses in the synthesis of their mRNA. The ability of a virus to take over the protein-synthesizing mechanisms of an infected cell depends on its ability to produce mRNA molecules which can affect the host mRNA or utilize cellular components more efficiently. The differences between, and similarities of, the strategies of mRNA synthesis devised by various DNA and RNA viruses are described herein. This book should be of interest to all students of cellular and viral genes and scientists in the field. It is suitable as a textbook for workshops and courses on mRNA. I wish to thank the authors for their fine contributions and for their interest.
Author : Pragyesh Dhungel
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (11 download)
Download or read book Selective Protein Synthesis During Vaccinia Virus-induced Host Shutoff written by Pragyesh Dhungel and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During infection, poxvirus makes host cells conducive for viral replication by causing host shutoff that is marked by global inhibition of host protein synthesis. Host shutoff facilitates the reallocation of cellular resources for viral replication and evasion of host antiviral immune responses. However, it poses a challenge for continuous synthesis of crucial cellular proteins and viral proteins that are important for viral replication. It is unclear whether and how viral and specific cellular proteins are selectively synthesized during poxvirus-induced host shutoff. In this dissertation, we elucidated that vaccinia virus boosts viral post-replicative protein synthesis by using the 5'-poly(A) leader at the 5'-UTR. Vaccinia virus has evolutionarily optimized the length of the poly(A) leader, and uninterrupted poly(A) leader is required for promoting poxvirus protein production. During vaccinia virus-induced shutoff, poly(A) leader stipulates viral post-replicative mRNAs an adaptive mechanism to translate efficiently. The poly(A) leader translation was not mediated by an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) mode, albeit poly(A) leader mediates cap-independent mode of translation. Through further investigation, we uncovered a cellular RNA-binding protein La-Related Protein 4 (LARP4) that was repurposed to augment vaccinia virus post-replicative mRNA translation. During VACV infection, LARP4 is enriched in the virus factory where VACV post-replicative mRNAs are translated. A decrease of LARP4 protein level reduces VACV replication, blocks post-replicative protein synthesis, and decreases 5'-poly(A) leader mediated translational advantage. Further studies showed that LARP4 is vital for the cap-independent mode of translation from poly(A) leader. We also showed that infection of vaccinia virus, the prototypic poxvirus, induced selective synthesis of cellular proteins involved in oxidative phosphorylation. Using simultaneous RNA-seq and ribosome profiling, we determined the mRNAs encoding proteins for oxidative phosphorylation complexes had increased relative translation efficiency. Indeed, vaccinia virus infection increased the activity of oxidative phosphorylation. Inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation function suppressed vaccinia virus replication significantly. Moreover, the mRNAs of oxidative phosphorylation have short 5'-UTRs with a less complex secondary structure that could confer oxidative phosphorylation mRNAs a translational advantage in vaccinia virus-infected cells during host shutoff. Together, these studies advanced our understanding of how vaccinia virus selectively synthesizes viral and cellular proteins for efficient viral replication during host shutoff. The findings may facilitate the development of novel anti-poxvirus strategies and the improvement of poxviruses as vaccine vectors and anti-cancer agents.
Author : Committee on the Assessment of Future Scientific Needs for Variola Virus
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 030959698X
Total Pages : 126 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (95 download)
Download or read book Assessment of Future Scientific Needs for Live Variola Virus written by Committee on the Assessment of Future Scientific Needs for Variola Virus and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-05-14 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1980, the World Health Organization (WHO) officially declared that smallpox had been eradicated. In 1986, WHO's international Ad Hoc Committee on Orthopox Virus Infections unanimously recommended destruction of the two remaining official stocks of variola virus, one at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the other at the VECTOR laboratory in Siberia. In June 1999, WHO decided to delay the destruction of these stocks. Informing that decision was Assessment of Future Scientific Needs for Variola Virus, which examines: -- Whether the sequenced variola genome, vaccinia, and monkey pox virus are adequate for future research or whether the live variola virus itself is needed to assist in the development of antiviral therapies. -- What further benefits, if any, would likely be gained through the use of variola in research and development efforts related to agent detection, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. -- What unique potential benefits, if any, the study of variola would have in increasing our fundamental understanding of the biology, host-agent interactions, pathogenesis, and immune mechanisms of viral diseases.
Author : Jeffrey Robert Morgan
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 450 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (128 download)
Download or read book Messenger RNA Biogenesis by Vaccinia Virus written by Jeffrey Robert Morgan and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Heinz Fraenkel-Conrat
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 664 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Molecular Basis of Virology written by Heinz Fraenkel-Conrat and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 664 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 776 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Research Awards Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 776 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Mauricio G. Mateu
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400765525
Total Pages : 734 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (7 download)
Download or read book Structure and Physics of Viruses written by Mauricio G. Mateu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-04 with total page 734 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contemplates the structure, dynamics and physics of virus particles: From the moment they come into existence by self-assembly from viral components produced in the infected cell, through their extracellular stage, until they recognise and infect a new host cell and cease to exist by losing their physical integrity to start a new infectious cycle. (Bio)physical techniques used to study the structure of virus particles and components, and some applications of structure-based studies of viruses are also contemplated. This book is aimed first at M.Sc. students, Ph.D. students and postdoctoral researchers with a university degree in biology, chemistry, physics or related scientific disciplines who share an interest or are actually working on viruses. We have aimed also at providing an updated account of many important concepts, techniques, studies and applications in structural and physical virology for established scientists working on viruses, irrespective of their physical, chemical or biological background and their field of expertise. We have not attempted to provide a collection of for-experts-only reviews focused mainly on the latest research in specific topics; we have not generally assumed that the reader knows all of the jargon and all but the most recent and advanced results in each topic dealt with in this book. In short, we have attempted to write a book basic enough to be useful to M.Sc and Ph.D. students, as well as advanced and current enough to be useful to senior scientists with an interest in Structural and/or Physical Virology.
Author : Robert E. Rhoads
Publisher : Humana
ISBN 13 : 9781493936236
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (362 download)
Download or read book Synthetic mRNA written by Robert E. Rhoads and published by Humana. This book was released on 2016-05-29 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents detailed laboratory protocols for in vitro synthesis of mRNA with favorable properties, its introduction into cells by a variety of techniques, and the measurement of physiological and clinical consequences such as protein replacement and cancer immunotherapy. Synthetic techniques are described for structural features in mRNA that provide investigational tools such as fluorescence emission, click chemistry, photo-chemical crosslinking, and that produce mRNA with increased stability in the cell, increased translational efficiency, and reduced activation of the innate immune response. Protocols are described for clinical applications such as large-scale transfection of dendritic cells, production of GMP-grade mRNA, redirecting T cell specificity, and use of molecular adjuvants for RNA vaccines. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Synthetic mRNA: Production, Introduction into Cells, and Physiological Consequences is a valuable and cutting-edge resource for both laboratory investigators and clinicians interested in this powerful and rapidly evolving technology.
Author : National Institutes of Health (U.S.). Division of Research Grants
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1500 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 ( download)
Download or read book Research Grants Index written by National Institutes of Health (U.S.). Division of Research Grants and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 1500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1104 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Biomedical Index to PHS-supported Research written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 1104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Richard W. Moyer
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642756050
Total Pages : 220 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (427 download)
Download or read book Poxviruses written by Richard W. Moyer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this volume is to highlight some current areas of poxvirus research which are likely to be particularly fruitful in the upcoming few years. The first chapter, by Drs. Condit and Niles, discusses poxvirus genetics. Work in this area has provided mutants, produced practical procedures to simplify the manipulation of viral genes, and generated information about the molecular architecture and organization of genes characteristic of pox viruses. One of the most intensively studied regions of the viral genome is the HindIII D region of vaccinia, in which a combination of classical and molecular genetic analysis of the region has been particularly revealing. Within this region are open reading frames, some of which are expressed early and others late, organized in a fashion which is now known to be typical of these viruses. Other studies, related to temperature sensitive, drug resistant, and drug dependent mutants, are also discussed. Each of the other reviews included in this volume summarizes areas of research which have depended heavily on the genetics of the system. The intracellular site of a poxvirus infection is mostly, if not exclusively, limited to the cytoplasm which dictates several interesting biological ramifications. For example, poxvirus transcription must occur in the cytoplasm, rather than in the nucleus. The virus copes with this situation by incorporating into the virion the enzymatic machinery necessary to initiate transcription from input virus.
Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309182158
Total Pages : 376 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Learning from SARS written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-04-26 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in late 2002 and 2003 challenged the global public health community to confront a novel epidemic that spread rapidly from its origins in southern China until it had reached more than 25 other countries within a matter of months. In addition to the number of patients infected with the SARS virus, the disease had profound economic and political repercussions in many of the affected regions. Recent reports of isolated new SARS cases and a fear that the disease could reemerge and spread have put public health officials on high alert for any indications of possible new outbreaks. This report examines the response to SARS by public health systems in individual countries, the biology of the SARS coronavirus and related coronaviruses in animals, the economic and political fallout of the SARS epidemic, quarantine law and other public health measures that apply to combating infectious diseases, and the role of international organizations and scientific cooperation in halting the spread of SARS. The report provides an illuminating survey of findings from the epidemic, along with an assessment of what might be needed in order to contain any future outbreaks of SARS or other emerging infections.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1084 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (243 download)
Download or read book Cumulated Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 1084 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 112 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (3 download)
Download or read book Oncology Overview written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Matthew M. Binns
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9780849361791
Total Pages : 360 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (617 download)
Download or read book Recombinant Poxviruses written by Matthew M. Binns and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1992-05-27 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recombinant Poxviruses provides a comprehensive examination of poxviruses with an emphasis on the potential of these viruses as new vaccines. The book considers a wide range of issues involved in producing new genetically engineered live vaccines, such as efficacy, safety, stability, cost, host range, immune response, immunization route, use of multivalent vaccines, and need for revaccination. The opening chapter describes the origin of vaccinia virus, its use to eradicate smallpox, and the pathogenesis of poxvirus infections. Subsequent chapters examine the molecular biology of poxviruses, methods of constructing vaccinia virus recombinants, and applications; the use and immune responses induced by poxvirus recombinants as live vaccines; and the important issues of the safety and immunogenicity of vaccinia virus. The book's final two chapters report the progress that has been made developing avipoxviruses and parapoxviruses as candidate recombinant vaccines. Recombinant Poxviruses will be a welcome addition to the bookshelves of virologists, microbiologists, infectious disease specialists, and veterinarians.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1064 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)
Download or read book Biomedical Index to PHS-supported Research: pt. A. Subject access A-H written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 1064 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
