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Studies On The Mechanisms Of Pulmonary Inflammation And Airway Hyperreactivity In Animal Models Of Asthma
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Book Synopsis Studies on the Mechanisms of Pulmonary Inflammation and Airway Hyperreactivity in Animal Models of Asthma by : Stephen L. Underwood
Download or read book Studies on the Mechanisms of Pulmonary Inflammation and Airway Hyperreactivity in Animal Models of Asthma written by Stephen L. Underwood and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Airways Smooth Muscle by : David Raeburn
Download or read book Airways Smooth Muscle written by David Raeburn and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1996-05 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For researchers using animals to investigate human asthma, explains physiological and pharmacological process in the lung , and reviews the animal models available for studying the bronchospasm and inflammation associated with human asthma. Also discusses such methodological aspects as administering drugs to animal airways and the mechanics of assessing lung function. Also considers the use of genetically altered animals as research models. The sixth volume in the sub- series. Annotation c. by Book News, Inc., Portland, Or.
Book Synopsis Inflammatory Cells and Mediators in Bronchial Asthma by : Devendra K. Agrawal
Download or read book Inflammatory Cells and Mediators in Bronchial Asthma written by Devendra K. Agrawal and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-10-28 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inflammatory Cells and Mediators in Bronchial Asthma provides reviews and summaries regarding state-of-the-art articles that examine the role of various inflammatory cells and their mediators in the pathogenesis of asthma. Topics include pharmacological and biochemical regulation of the airways; involvement of key inflammatory cells and the release and effect of their mediators in airway function; and the characteristics of receptors for leukotriene B4, C4, and D4, adenosine, platelet-activating factor, sensory and inflammatory peptides, and the effect of various anti-asthmatic drugs on airway inflammation. Physicians, allergists, immunologists, and pulmonary disease research scientists will find this book to be an invaluable reference resource.
Book Synopsis Models of Exacerbations in Asthma and COPD by : Ulf Sjöbring
Download or read book Models of Exacerbations in Asthma and COPD written by Ulf Sjöbring and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2007-01-01 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides an overview of exacerbation models of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Within this wide field the book focuses on experimental systems that mimic pathobiological processes likely to be critical in exacerbations of these conditions. To generate insight into the mechanisms of exacerbation of pulmonary disease and to promote the discovery of future treatments, both animal models and human experimental models are described. For this update some of the most eminent scientists within the area of pulmonology could be recruited to share their knowledge of this evolving field of human medicine. Models of Exacerbations in Asthma and COPD will be of great interest to pulmonologists, allergologists, specialists in internal medicine and critical care, as well as to microbiologists, infectiologists and pharmacologists studying the response to respiratory infections.
Book Synopsis Airway Remodeling by : Peter Howarth
Download or read book Airway Remodeling written by Peter Howarth and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2001 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This landmark volume discusses the characteristics and impact of the remodeling process on airway function and clinical disease expression within the airway in asthma, covering pharmacological therapies and possible future targets relevant to regulating the remodeling process. Emphasizes the importance of treating underlying airway inflammation and the relevance of structural alterations to the airway wall, including glandular increases, enhanced collagen deposition within the submucosa, increased vasculature, smooth hypertrophy, and hyperplasias! Tracing the development and maintenance of bronchial hyperresponsiveness, decline in lung function, and loss of reversibility evident in chronic asthma, Airway Remodelingdescribes the contribution of inflammatory cells in the development of airway structural changes examines how pharmaceutical agents act and whether existing treatments modify or prevent remodeling in chronically inflamed asthmatic airways considers whether neural pathways initiate as well as contribute to the airway inflammatory cascade that leads to remodeling reviews the action of cytokines and growth factors on ASM signaling outlines novel approaches to regulating smooth muscle growth clarifies whether permanent ventilatory incapacity in asthma is caused by the uncoupling of the airway and the role of the lung parenchyma details high-resolution computerized tomography scan to measure the internal size of the airway at baseline, during challenge, or after bronchodilatation and more!Improving lung function and quality of life by reducing the need for emergency care, hospital admissions, and systemic steroid administration, Airway Remodeling is a superb reference for pulmonologists and respiratory system specialists; physiologists; pneumologists; allergists; pharmacologists; molecular, cellular, and lung biologists; and graduate and medical school students in these disciplines.
Book Synopsis Nonspecific Airway Reactivity in a Mouse Model of Asthma by :
Download or read book Nonspecific Airway Reactivity in a Mouse Model of Asthma written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 2 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Animal models are indispensable for studies requiring an intact immune system, especially for studying the pathogenic mechanisms in atopic diseases, regulation of IgE production, and related biologic effects. Mice are particularly suitable and have been used extensively for such studies because their immune system is well characterized. Further, large numbers of mutants or inbred strains of mice are available that express deficiencies of individual immunologic processes, inflammatory cells, or mediator systems. By comparing reactions in such mice with appropriate control animals, the unique roles of individual cells or mediators may be characterized more precisely in the pathogenesis of atopic respiratory diseases including asthma. However, given that asthma in humans is characterized by the presence of airway hyperresponsiveness to specific and nonspecific stimuli, it is important that animal models of this disease exhibit similar physiologic abnormalities. In the past, the size of the mouse has limited its versatility in this regard. However, recent studies indicate the feasibility of measuring pulmonary responses in living mice, thus facilitating the physiologic evaluation of putative mouse models of human asthma that have been well charcterized at the immunologic and patholigic level. Future work will provide details of the morphometry of the methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction and will further seek to determine the relationship between cigarette smoke exposure and the development of NS-AHR in the transgenic mouse model.
Book Synopsis CHANGES IN INSULIN RESISTANCE ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC AIRWAY ALLERGEN EXPOSURES IN A SPONTANEOUSLY OBESE, NONHUMAN PRIMATE MODEL OF ALLERGIC ASTHMA. by : Hannah Gray Woolard
Download or read book CHANGES IN INSULIN RESISTANCE ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC AIRWAY ALLERGEN EXPOSURES IN A SPONTANEOUSLY OBESE, NONHUMAN PRIMATE MODEL OF ALLERGIC ASTHMA. written by Hannah Gray Woolard and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Obesity and asthma are two major well-recognized and interconnected major health problems, but the mechanisms that underlie the association of these two chronic inflammatory disease states are still unknown. Novel insights including the central role of inflammation and metabolic dysfunction, have been reported but even more complexity has arisen by the many co-morbidities common to both obesity and asthma. Of particular interest is the role of insulin resistance, which has been heavily implicated as the possible missing link required for understanding the etiology and underlying pathophysiological mechanisms resulting in a more severe, difficult to treat asthma. Hence, the proposed research project presented in this thesis was conducted to specifically investigate the relationship/interaction/association between the development of insulin resistance (induced by obesity) and allergen-induced allergic asthma. From an established non-human primate model of allergic asthma, we studied a cohort of obese, male 10-year-old rhesus macaques with varying historical degrees of airway hyperreactivity and changes in insulin resistance. We hypothesized chronic aero-HDM exposures would induce increased airway hyperreactivity and pulmonary inflammation which would be associated with the worsening development of insulin resistance. To test this hypothesis, we paired animals according to historical AHR, then exposed one animal from each pair to aero-HDM and the other to aero-saline/SHAM, monthly for 6 months. We assessed body composition, insulin resistance via intravenous glucose tolerance test, the early asthmatic response AHR to aero-HDM/saline, as well as the late asthmatic response AHR to aero-Mch and pulmonary inflammation via bronchoalveolar lavage. We found increased AHR to aero-HDM coincident with eosinophil-dominate pulmonary inflammation for all five HDM-exposed study animals, mirroring the early-onset, eosinophilic obese asthma endotype. SHAM-exposed animals did not manifest increases in AHR to aero-saline nor aero-Mch, yet two animals manifested increased eosinophilic pulmonary inflammation (similar to HDM-exposed animals) and interesting one animal manifested neutrophilic inflammation mirroring the non-eosinophilic, neutrophil-dominant inflammatory endotype reported in the literature for the late-onset, non-atopic obese asthma phenotype. Due to high variability and limited time points, no significant changes were observed for the IR indices however an interesting negative trend between changes in AHR and HOMA-IR, an index of insulin resistance, was observed for 3/5 HDM-exposed animals suggesting increased AHR was associated with decreased HOMA-IR/improved IR, not supporting our original hypothesis. Further studies identifying and understanding the unique inflammatory biomarkers and mechanisms linking allergic asthma, obesity, insulin resistance, and related sequalae are necessary for targeted therapeutic development and the proper treatment of the heterogeneous nature of obesity associated asthma and the inevitable metabolic consequences.
Book Synopsis Investigation Into Regulatory Mechanisms that Limit the Th2 Response in a Mouse Model of Allergic Asthma by : Teri Alyn Girtsman
Download or read book Investigation Into Regulatory Mechanisms that Limit the Th2 Response in a Mouse Model of Allergic Asthma written by Teri Alyn Girtsman and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The prevalence of asthma has markedly increased in recent decades. Asthma affects approximately ten percent of the population of the United States, and is the leading cause of childhood hospitalization. This epidemic has been attributed to air pollution, childhood immunizations and a more sanitary living environment. Allergic asthma is clinically characterized by airway hyperreactivity (AHR), increased mucus production and airway remodeling. On the cellular level, pulmonary eosinophilic infiltration and augmented levels of serum IgE arise as a consequence of a CD4+ Th2 cell response in the airway following exposure to allergen. It has been proposed that the chronic inflammation and associated airway events evident in this disease stem from a failure to regulate the underlying immune response. How these events are regulated in the healthy lung is yet unclear. In studies to investigate the mechanisms underlying such regulation we found that firstly, co-transfer of expanded natural CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (nTregs) mediated regulation of CD4+ Th17 effector cells as exemplified by diminished levels of IL-17 and decreased neutrophilic infiltration in the airways. In contrast, co-transfer of nTregs did not attenuate the lung inflammation elicited by CD4+ Th2 or Th1 polarized cells. Interestingly, using the C129. IL4GFP mice we found that nTregs have the capacity to inhibit IL-4 production and Th2 differentiation in vitro. Secondly, mice with genetically disrupted receptors (IP-/- ) for the lipid-mediator prostacyclin (PGI2), demonstrated increased airway inflammation, eosinophilic infiltration and airway hyperreactivity following immunization and repeated aerosol challenge with ovalbumin. Moreover these mice displayed reduced serum immunoglobulin levels. In summary, nTregs serve a specific function in controlling Th17 cell effector functions, but not Th1 or Th2 inflammation. Additionally, PGI2-IP signaling is an important pathway for inhibiting allergic pulmonary inflammation by controlling CD4+ Th2 cell effector functions.
Book Synopsis Novel Mechanisms of Airway Inflammation in Mouse Models of Allergen and Virus-induced Asthma by : Md Ashik Ullah
Download or read book Novel Mechanisms of Airway Inflammation in Mouse Models of Allergen and Virus-induced Asthma written by Md Ashik Ullah and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Diseases of the Sinuses by : Christopher C. Chang
Download or read book Diseases of the Sinuses written by Christopher C. Chang and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-06-06 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diseases of the Sinuses: A Comprehensive Textbook of Diagnosis and Treatment, 2nd Edition, offers the definitive source of information about the basic science of the sinuses and the clinical approach to sinusitis. Since the widely praised publication of the first edition, understanding of sinus disease has changed dramatically, mainly as a result of recent developments and new discoveries in the field of immunology. This updated and expanded edition is divided into sections addressing, separately, the pathogenesis, clinical presentation, medical and surgical management of acute and chronic rhinosinusitis. Special entities such as autoimmune-related sinusitis, allergy and sinusitis, and aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease are discussed in separate chapters. The role of immunodeficiency is also addressed. The management section has been fully updated to incorporate new medical modalities and surgical procedures. Developed by a distinguished group of international experts who share their expertise and insights from years of collective experience in treating sinus diseases, the book will appeal to anyone who has an interest in sinus disease, including both physicians and allied health professionals. Internists, pediatricians, allergists, otolaryngologists and infectious disease specialists will find the book to be an invaluable, comprehensive reference. Physician assistants and nurse practitioners who work with specialists who treat sinus disease will also benefit from the book.
Book Synopsis Prostaglandin Modulation of Airway Hyperresponsiveness and Inflammation in Murine Models of Asthma by :
Download or read book Prostaglandin Modulation of Airway Hyperresponsiveness and Inflammation in Murine Models of Asthma written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Allergic asthma is an inflammatory disease of the airways and is characterised by chronic inflammation, reversible bronchoconstriction and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). The cyclooxygenases (COXs) are key enzymes in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins, which have diverse physiological and pathological functions, and are also important modulators of inflammatory responses in the lung. However, the role of COX-derived prostanoids in AHR and airway inflammation is still not fully understood. The overall aim of this Thesis was to define the role of COX-derived products in allergic airway responses in experimental mouse models of asthma. In the present work, lung physiology was measured using the flexiVent® system for direct measurements of respiratory system mechanics. Inflammation was assessed by measuring numbers of inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid as well as levels of inflammatory mediators in BAL fluid and lung tissue. Histological analysis of the lung tissue was also performed to assess possible structural changes. The aim of the first part of this Thesis was to develop an improved protocol for experimental studies of AHR and airway inflammation in sensitised and challenged mice, in order to optimise the delivery route and doses of allergen for antigen challenge. The result established that intranasal challenge of BALB/c mice caused a dose-dependent increase in AHR, whereas the BAL fluid cell response was augmented to the same extent by all doses of allergen. Intranasal challenge causes a more pronounced induction of both AHR and inflammation in sensitised BALB/c mice, compared to aerosol delivery of the same antigen. The second part of this Thesis aimed to define the function of the prostaglandins in the mouse models of allergic airway inflammation. The role of the prostaglandins was investigated both by using intervention with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), as well as genetically modified mice where the synthesis of pros
Book Synopsis Kendig and Chernick's Disorders of the Respiratory Tract in Children E-Book by : Robert W. Wilmott
Download or read book Kendig and Chernick's Disorders of the Respiratory Tract in Children E-Book written by Robert W. Wilmott and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2012-02-25 with total page 1163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Kendig, Chernick’s Disorders of the Respiratory Tract in Children is the definitive medical reference book to help you confront critical challenges using the latest knowledge and techniques. You’ll get the state-of-the-art answers you need to offer the best care to young patients. Tackle the toughest challenges and improve patient outcomes with coverage of all the common and rare respiratory problems found in newborns and children worldwide. Get a solid foundation of knowledge to better understand and treat your patients through coverage of the latest basic science and its relevance to clinical problems. Get comprehensive, authoritative coverage on today’s hot topics, such as interstitial lung disease, respiratory disorders in the newborn, congenital lung disease, swine flu, genetic testing for disease and the human genome, inflammatory cytokines in the lung, new radiologic techniques, diagnostic imaging of the respiratory tract, and pulmonary function tests. Learn from the experts with contributions from 100 world authorities in the fields of pediatrics, pulmonology, neurology, microbiology, cardiology, physiology, diagnostic imaging, anesthesiology, otolaryngology, allergy, and surgery.
Book Synopsis Human Eosinophils by : Gianni Marone
Download or read book Human Eosinophils written by Gianni Marone and published by Karger Medical Scientific. This book was released on 2000 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eosinophils represent approximately 1% of peripheral blood leukocytes and play a central proinflammatory and immunoregulatory role in various immune disorders. This volume provides the reader with a comprehensive survey of the major aspects of human eosinophilic biology and immunology as well as the most clinically relevant aspects of eosinophil-related disorders. Expert contributions cover the ultrastructural and phenotypic characteristics of human eosinophils, and their fundamental biochemical features including receptors for IgE and chemokines. The production of cytokines and their role in the activation of eosinophils are reviewed. Furthermore, the classic eosinophil-related disorders such as hypereosinophilia, drug reactions, allergic disorders and some cardiovascular diseases are described. Each of the chapters is written by an investigator actively engaged in research on the topic under consideration. The well-edited and stimulating material compiled in this volume will be of interest to all those working in allergology, immunology, biochemistry and pulmonary medicine.
Author :Sponsored by The Health Effects Institute Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309037263 Total Pages :703 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (9 download)
Book Synopsis Air Pollution, the Automobile, and Public Health by : Sponsored by The Health Effects Institute
Download or read book Air Pollution, the Automobile, and Public Health written by Sponsored by The Health Effects Institute and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1988-01-01 with total page 703 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The combination of scientific and institutional integrity represented by this book is unusual. It should be a model for future endeavors to help quantify environmental risk as a basis for good decisionmaking." â€"William D. Ruckelshaus, from the foreword. This volume, prepared under the auspices of the Health Effects Institute, an independent research organization created and funded jointly by the Environmental Protection Agency and the automobile industry, brings together experts on atmospheric exposure and on the biological effects of toxic substances to examine what is knownâ€"and not knownâ€"about the human health risks of automotive emissions.
Book Synopsis Middleton's Allergy Essentials E-Book by : Robyn E. O'Hehir
Download or read book Middleton's Allergy Essentials E-Book written by Robyn E. O'Hehir and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2015-12-09 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For decades, health care practitioners have relied on Middleton’s Allergy as their go-to reference for comprehensive information on allergic disorders. Now Middleton’s Allergy Essentials, by Drs. Robyn E. O'Hehir, Stephen T. Holgate, and Aziz Sheikh, offers a concise resource that’s both easily accessible and highly authoritative. Perfect for clinicians in primary and secondary care settings, this practical volume covers what is most useful in your daily practice, with a strong emphasis on disease diagnosis and management. A practical approach to evaluation, differential diagnosis, and treatment of allergic disorders, focused specifically on what the non-specialist needs to know for everyday practice. Each chapter begins with a handy summary of key concepts to help you quickly identify important information. Coverage of today’s hot topics includes asthma, drug allergies, food allergies and gastrointestinal disorders, anaphylaxis, atopic dermatitis, and allergic contact dermatitis. Concise sections on mechanisms are included where relevant, keeping you up to date with this rapidly evolving field. Authored by the same internationally recognized experts that produce Middleton’s Allergy, the definitive text in the field. Ideal for physicians, residents, general and family practitioners, nurse practitioners, primary care doctors, hospitalists, general internists – anyone who is called upon to make effective diagnostic and treatment decisions regarding allergic disorders.
Download or read book Severe Asthma written by Kian Fan Chung and published by European Respiratory Society. This book was released on 2019-06-01 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Severe asthma is a form of asthma that responds poorly to currently available medication, and its patients represent those with greatest unmet needs. In the last 10 years, substantial progress has been made in terms of understanding some of the mechanisms that drive severe asthma; there have also been concomitant advances in the recognition of specific molecular phenotypes. This ERS Monograph covers all aspects of severe asthma – epidemiology, diagnosis, mechanisms, treatment and management – but has a particular focus on recent understanding of mechanistic heterogeneity based on an analytic approach using various ‘omics platforms applied to clinically well-defined asthma cohorts. How these advances have led to improved management targets is also emphasised. This book brings together the clinical and scientific expertise of those from around the world who are collaborating to solve the problem of severe asthma.
Book Synopsis Muscarinic Receptors in Airways Diseases by : Johan Zaagsma
Download or read book Muscarinic Receptors in Airways Diseases written by Johan Zaagsma and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2001 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What are the different muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes and how are they distributed in the airways and molecular signalling mechanisms? What is their function in neurogenic and non-neurogenic control of the airways and in inflammatory mechanisms? How is their gene expression regulated? The great importance of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors for the pathophysiology and treatment of chronic inflammatory obstructive airways diseases calls for a comprehensive and integrated overview of the current knowledge to address such questions, to discuss the role of these receptor subtypes in diseases such as asthma and COPD, and to present novel perspectives on antimuscarinic drug development. The present book is the worthy result of this need. It points out innovative insights into the hitherto poorly understood role of postjunctional muscarinic M2 receptors in airway smooth muscle contraction and sheds some light on the novel concepts of antimuscarinic drug development, with special reference to the l
