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Studies Of Americium Neptunium And Plutonium Speciation Relevant To Environmental Migration
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Book Synopsis Studies of Americium, Neptunium, and Plutonium Speciation Relevant to Environmental Migration by : Eric Patton Bliss
Download or read book Studies of Americium, Neptunium, and Plutonium Speciation Relevant to Environmental Migration written by Eric Patton Bliss and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Measured Solubilities and Speciations of Neptunium, Plutonium, and Americium in a Typical Groundwater (J-13) from the Yucca Mountain Region, Milestone Report 3010-WBS 1.2.3.4.1.3.1 by : Heino Nitsche
Download or read book Measured Solubilities and Speciations of Neptunium, Plutonium, and Americium in a Typical Groundwater (J-13) from the Yucca Mountain Region, Milestone Report 3010-WBS 1.2.3.4.1.3.1 written by Heino Nitsche and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Plutonium and Neptunium Speciation and Mobility in Soils and the Subsurface by : Mary P. Neu
Download or read book Plutonium and Neptunium Speciation and Mobility in Soils and the Subsurface written by Mary P. Neu and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The DOE is conducting cleanup and stabilization activities at its nuclear weapons development sites, many of which have accumulated plutonium in soils for 60 years. To properly control Pu migration in soils and groundwaters within Federal sites and onto public lands, better evaluate the public risk, and design effective remediation strategies, a fundamental understanding of Pu speciation and environmental transport is needed. The DOE is increasingly relying on monitored natural attenuation (MNA) for site stewardship. While this is practical, and defensible based on fundamental actinide chemistry and most environmental data, there are significant gaps in the foundation of the approach. Key among them is the inability to project migration rates and redistribution of actinide contaminants, particularly given the diversity and heterogeneity of sites. Matrix sorption/desorption processes are the main factors that determine contaminant transport, but little data of this type are available for Pu or Np with minerals and sediments. To support MNA and predictive geochemical models we conducted the following research: (1) Studied environmentally relevant Pu and Np species. (2) Determined the mechanisms and thermodynamics of interactions of Pu and Np species with Mn and Fe (oxy)hydroxides and with sediments, including actinide sorption/desorption during mineral formation and redox cycling.
Book Synopsis Plutonium Speciation, Solubilization, And Migration in Soils by :
Download or read book Plutonium Speciation, Solubilization, And Migration in Soils written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The DOE is currently conducting cleanup activities at its nuclear weapons development sites, many of which have accumulated plutonium (Pu) in soils for 50 years. To properly control Pu migration within Federal areas and onto public lands, to better evaluate the public risk, and to design effective remediation strategies, a fundamental understanding of Pu speciation and environmental transport is needed. Our goal is to use characterization, mobility, thermodynamic, and mineral-interaction data to develop better models of radionuclide transport and risk assessment which will enable the development of science-based decontamination strategies. In addition, if direct characterization of Pu in samples from a contaminated site reveal that the Pu is predominantly in an exceedingly low soluble, low mobility form, then acceptable, reasonable limits for site remediation and closure can be set in a directly defensible manner. Our overarching research approach has the following three interrelated facets: characterization of Pu in samples from a contaminated site; fundamental study of environmentally-relevant Pu species; and thermodynamic geochemical modeling of PU speciation and mobility. This approach differs from those of most other projects funded at a similar level because of its very broad scope and the range of specific methods and techniques used in the research. While one can argue that our approach is overly ambitious, it is absolutely mandated by the state of actinide environmental science. Unlike most other contaminant metals, the knowledge on Pu within each of these subfields is woefully inadequate to support site remediation and stewardship. There are also clear transition paths for each type of information, i.e. site characterization results can be used by owners and stake holders to better understand their contamination problems and remediation issues; fundamental data on Pu species can fill important gaps in existing geochemical databases; thermodynamic modeling using improved data and better defined site conditions can be used to predict long-term contaminant behavior and can suggest particular Pu species for further study. Within this context, the specific tasks described in our original proposal are the following: l Site Characterization. The total plutonium content in soils surrounding the Rocky Flats Environmental Technology Site (RFETS) had been thoroughly characterized previously; however, less work has been done to separate plutonium in these soils into its sources (site activities at Rocky Flats or global fallout) and no work has successfully determined the speciation of the plutonium. Personnel at the site supported this effort by providing information, samples, and mechanisms to disseminate our results. Task 1--Characterize the plutonium in soils and groundwaters from the RFETS site, determining both the speciation, including concentration, isotopic ratio (239/240), oxidation state and specific chemical form, and the distribution, from a microscopic level (particle size, association with other elements) to a macroscopic level (depth in soil, location). To our knowledge, characterization with this level of detail has never been done for an environmental plutonium sample. Task 2--Communicate these results to the site to assist in site management, remediation, and stewardship.
Book Synopsis Radionuclides in the Environment by : Clemens Walther
Download or read book Radionuclides in the Environment written by Clemens Walther and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-10-30 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides extensive and comprehensive information to researchers and academicians who are interested in radionuclide contamination, its sources and environmental impact. It is also useful for graduate and undergraduate students specializing in radioactive-waste disposal and its impact on natural as well as manmade environments. A number of sites are affected by large legacies of waste from the mining and processing of radioactive minerals. Over recent decades, several hundred radioactive isotopes (radioisotopes) of natural elements have been produced artificially, including 90Sr, 137Cs and 131I. Several other anthropogenic radioactive elements have also been produced in large quantities, for example technetium, neptunium, plutonium and americium, although plutonium does occur naturally in trace amounts in uranium ores. The deposition of radionuclides on vegetation and soil, as well as the uptake from polluted aquifers (root uptake or irrigation) are the initial point for their transfer into the terrestrial environment and into food chains. There are two principal deposition processes for the removal of pollutants from the atmosphere: dry deposition is the direct transfer through absorption of gases and particles by natural surfaces, such as vegetation, whereas showery or wet deposition is the transport of a substance from the atmosphere to the ground by snow, hail or rain. Once deposited on any vegetation, radionuclides are removed from plants by the airstre am and rain, either through percolation or by cuticular scratch. The increase in biomass during plant growth does not cause a loss of activity, but it does lead to a decrease in activity concentration due to effective dilution. There is also systemic transport (translocation) of radionuclides within the plant subsequent to foliar uptake, leading the transfer of chemical components to other parts of the plant that have not been contaminated directly.
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 754 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Measured Solubilities and Speciations of Neptunium, Plutonium, and Americium in a Typical Groundwater (J-13) from the Yucca Mountain Region ; Milestone Report 3010-WBS 1.2.3.4.1.3.1 by :
Download or read book Measured Solubilities and Speciations of Neptunium, Plutonium, and Americium in a Typical Groundwater (J-13) from the Yucca Mountain Region ; Milestone Report 3010-WBS 1.2.3.4.1.3.1 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solubility and speciation data are important in understanding aqueous radionuclide transport through the geosphere. They define the source term for transport retardation processes such as sorption and colloid formation. Solubility and speciation data are useful in verifying the validity of geochemical codes that are part of predictive transport models. Results are presented from solubility and speciation experiments of 237NpO2, 239Pu{sup 4+}, 241Am{sup 3+}/Nd{sup 3+}, and 243Am{sup 3+} in J-13 groundwater (from the Yucca Mountain region, Nevada, which is being investigated as a potential high-level nuclear waste disposal site) at three different temperatures (25°, 60°, and 90°C) and pH values (5.9, 7.0, and 8.5). The solubility-controlling steady-state solids were identified and the speciation and/or oxidation states present in the supernatant solutions were determined. The neptunium solubility decreased with increasing temperature and pH. Plutonium concentrations decreased with increasing temperature and showed no trend with pH. The americium solutions showed no clear solubility trend with increasing temperature and increasing pH.
Book Synopsis Experimental and Theoretical Approaches to Actinide Chemistry by : John K. Gibson
Download or read book Experimental and Theoretical Approaches to Actinide Chemistry written by John K. Gibson and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-03-19 with total page 534 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A review of contemporary actinide research that focuses on new advances in experiment and theory, and the interplay between these two realms Experimental and Theoretical Approaches to Actinide Chemistry offers a comprehensive review of the key aspects of actinide research. Written by noted experts in the field, the text includes information on new advances in experiment and theory and reveals the interplay between these two realms. The authors offer a multidisciplinary and multimodal approach to the nature of actinide chemistry, and explore the interplay between multiple experiments and theory, as well as between basic and applied actinide chemistry. The text covers the basic science used in contemporary studies of the actinide systems, from basic synthesis to state-of-the-art spectroscopic and computational techniques. The authors provide contemporary overviews of each topic area presented and describe the current and anticipated experimental approaches for the field, as well as the current and future computational chemistry and materials techniques. In addition, the authors explore the combination of experiment and theory. This important resource: Provides an essential resource the reviews the key aspects of contemporary actinide research Includes information on new advances in experiment and theory, and the interplay between the two Covers the basic science used in contemporary studies of the actinide systems, from basic synthesis to state-of-the-art spectroscopic and computational techniques Focuses on the interplay between multiple experiments and theory, as well as between basic and applied actinide chemistry Written for academics, students, professionals and researchers, this vital text contains a thorough review of the key aspects of actinide research and explores the most recent advances in experiment and theory.
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 738 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Includes all works deriving from DOE, other related government-sponsored information and foreign nonnuclear information.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Elemental Speciation II by :
Download or read book Handbook of Elemental Speciation II written by and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2005-09-01 with total page 788 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by an internationally recognized group of editors and contributors, Handbook of Elemental Speciation, Volume 2 provides a comprehensive, cross-disciplinary presentation of the analytical techniques involved in speciation. Comprehensive coverage of key elements and compounds in situ Addresses the analysis and impact of these elements and compounds, e.g. arsenic, lead, copper, iron, halogens, etc., in food, the environment, clinical and occupational health Detailed methodology and data are reported, as well as regulatory limits Includes general introduction on the impact in these key areas
Book Synopsis Advanced Trace Analysis by : Susanta Lahiri
Download or read book Advanced Trace Analysis written by Susanta Lahiri and published by ALPHA SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL LIMITED. This book was released on 2009-12-03 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advanced Trace Analysis in six chapters, by eminent scientists, discusses statistical approaches to verify trace element analysis data, trace analysis techniques like ICPMS and XRF, ion beam analysis techniques, speciation analysis of uranium relevant to waste disposal and management along with the use of greener techniques for trace elemental speciation analysis.
Book Synopsis Plutonium in the Environment by : A. Kudo
Download or read book Plutonium in the Environment written by A. Kudo and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2001-02-23 with total page 463 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first volume of the new series, Radioactivity in the Environment, focuses on the environmental occurrence, the speciation, the behaviour, the fate, the applications and the health consequences of that much-feared and much-publicised element, plutonium. Featuring a collection of selected, peer-reviewed, up-to-date papers by leading researchers in the field, this work provides a state-of-the-art description of plutonium in the environment. This title helps to explain where present frontiers are drawn in our continuing efforts to understand the science of environmental plutonium and will help to place widespread concerns into perspective. As a whole this new book series on environmental radioactivity addresses, at academic research level, the key aspects of this socially important and complex interdisciplinary subject. Presented objectively and with the ultimate authority gained from the many contributions by the world's leading experts, the negative and positive consequences of having a radioactive world around us will be documented and given perspective.
Book Synopsis Radionuclides in the Environment by : David A. Atwood
Download or read book Radionuclides in the Environment written by David A. Atwood and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-02-19 with total page 546 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nuclear energy is the one energy source that could meet the world's growing energy needs and provide a smooth transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy in the coming decades and centuries. It is becoming abundantly clear that an increase in nuclear energy capacity will, and probably must, take place. However, nuclear energy and the use of radionuclides for civilian and military purposes lead to extremely long-lived waste that is costly and highly problematic to deal with. Therefore, it is critically important ot understand the environmental implications of radionuclides for ecosystems and human health if nuclear energy is to be used to avoid the impending global energy crisis. The present volume of the EIC Books series addresses this critical need by providing fundamental information on environmentally significant radionuclides. The content of this book was developed in collaboration with many of the authors of the chapters. Given the enormity of the subject the Editor and the Authors had to be judicious in selecting the chapters that would appropriately encompass and describe the primary topics, particularly those that are of importance to the health of ecosystems and humans. The resulting chapters were chosen to provide this information in a book of useful and appropriate length. Each chapter provides fundamental information on the chemistry of the radionuclides, their occurrence and movement in the enivornment, separation and analyses, and the technologies needed for their remediation and mitigation. The chapters are structured with a common, systematic format in order to facilitate comparions between elements and groups of elements. About EIC Books The Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry (EIC) has proved to be one of the defining standards in inorganic chemistry, and most chemistry libraries around the world have access either to the first of second print editon, or to the online version. Many readers, however, prefer to have more concise thematic volumes, targeted to their specific area of interest. This feedback from EIC readers has encouraged the Editors to plan a series of EIC Books, focusing on topics of current interest. They will appear on a regular basis, and will feature leading scholars in their fields. Like the Encyclopedia, EIC Books aims to provide both the starting research student and the confirmed research worker with a critical distillation of the leading concepts in inorganic and bioinorganic chemistry, and provide a structured entry into the fields covered. This volume is also available as part of Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry, 5 Volume Set. This set combines all volumes published as EIC Books from 2007 to 2010, representing areas of key developments in the field of inorganic chemistry published in the Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry. Find out more.
Book Synopsis Update on the Chemical Thermodynamics of Uranium, Neptunium, Plutonium, Americium and Technetium by : R. Guillaumont
Download or read book Update on the Chemical Thermodynamics of Uranium, Neptunium, Plutonium, Americium and Technetium written by R. Guillaumont and published by . This book was released on 2003-11-04 with total page 976 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is part of the series on "Chemical Thermodynamics", published under the aegis of the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency, and updates and expands the thermodynamic data on inorganic compounds and complexes of uranium, neptunium, plutonium, americium and technetium contained in the previous volumes of the series. A review team, composed of seven internationally recognized experts, has critically reviewed during five years all the scientific literature containing chemical thermodynamic information for the above mentioned systems that has appeared since the publication of the earlier volumes. The results of this critical review carried out following the Guidelines of the OECD NEA Thermochemical Database Project have been documented in the present volume, which contains new tables of selected values for formation and reaction thermodynamical properties and an extensive bibliography.
Book Synopsis Chemical Thermodynamics of Neptunium and Plutonium by : Robert J. Lemire
Download or read book Chemical Thermodynamics of Neptunium and Plutonium written by Robert J. Lemire and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2001-08-26 with total page 876 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unlike earlier books in this series, this review describes the selection of chemical thermodynamic data for species of two elements, neptunium and plutonium. Although this came about more by circumstance than design, it has allowed for a more consistent approach to chemical interpretation than might have occurred in two separate treatments. It has also drawn attention to cases where the available data do not show expected parallels, and where further work may be useful to confirm or refute apparent differences in the behaviour of neptunium and plutonium.
Book Synopsis Actinide Speciation in High Ionic Strength Media by : Donald T. Reed
Download or read book Actinide Speciation in High Ionic Strength Media written by Donald T. Reed and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-09-21 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The management and disposal of radioactive wastes are key international issues requiring a sound, fundamental scientific basis to insure public and environmental protection. Large quantities of existing nuclear waste must be treated to encapsulate the radioactivity in a form suitable for disposal. The treatment of this waste, due to its extreme diversity, presents tremendous engineering and scientific challenges. Geologic isolation of transuranic waste is the approach currently proposed by all nuclear countries for its final disposal. To be successful in this endeavor, it is necessary to understand the behavior of plutonium and the other actinides in relevant environmental media. Conceptual models for stored high level waste and waste repository systems present many sCientific difficulties due to their complexity and non-ideality. For example, much of the high level nuclear waste in the US is stored as alkaline concentrated electrolyte materials, where the chemistry of the actinides under such conditions is not well understood. This lack of understanding limits the successful separation and treatment of these wastes. Also, countries such as the US and Germany plan to dispose of actinide bearing wastes in geologic salt deposits. In this case, understanding the speciation and transport properties of actinides in brines is critical for confidence in repository performance and risk assessment activities. Many deep groundwaters underlying existing contaminated sites are also high in ionic strength. Until recently, the scientific basis for describing actinide chemistry in such systems was extremely limited.
Book Synopsis Readings from the Treatise on Geochemistry by : Heinrich D Holland
Download or read book Readings from the Treatise on Geochemistry written by Heinrich D Holland and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2010-05-25 with total page 681 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Readings from the Treatise on Geochemistry offers an interdisciplinary reference for scientists, researchers and upper undergraduate and graduate level geochemistry students that is more affordable than the full Treatise. For professionals, this volume will provide an overview of the field as a whole. For students, it will provide more in-depth introductory content than is found in broad-based geochemistry textbooks. Articles were selected from chapters across all volumes of the full Treatise, and include: The Origin and Earliest History of the Earth, Compositional Evolution of the Mantle, Evolution of Sedimentary Rocks, Soil Formation, Geochemistry of Groundwater, Geologic History of Seawater, Hydrothermal Processes, and Biogeochemistry of Primary Production in the Sea. Comprehensive, interdisciplinary and authoritative content selected by leading subject experts Robust illustrations, figures and tables Affordably priced sampling of content from the full Treatise on Geochemistry
