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Structural Setting Mineralogical Characteristics And Geochemical Footprints Of Banded Iron Formation Hosted Gold Mineralization In The Geraldton Area Ontario
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Book Synopsis Structural Setting, Mineralogical Characteristics and Geochemical Footprints of Banded-iron-formation-hosted Gold Mineralization in the Geraldton Area, Ontario by : Z. Tóth
Download or read book Structural Setting, Mineralogical Characteristics and Geochemical Footprints of Banded-iron-formation-hosted Gold Mineralization in the Geraldton Area, Ontario written by Z. Tóth and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Targeted Geoscience Initiative (TGI-4) is a collaborative federal geoscience program that provides industry with the next generation of geoscience knowledge and innovative techniques to better detect buried mineral deposits, thereby reducing some of the risks of exploration. BIF-hosted gold deposits represent a key exploration target in Precambrian rocks in Canada. During the past century, over 4.1 million oz gold have been produced from several mines in the Beardmore-Geraldton area, north-central Ontario. The main goals of this project are to: 1-determine the key geological and structural parameters that control the distribution, geometry and genesis of the BIF-hosted gold deposits in the area; 2-Determine the characteristics and geochemical signature of the gold mineralisation and the associated hydrothermal alteration; and 3-Help the industry finding new gold resources.
Book Synopsis Characterization of Banded Iron Formations Associated with Gold Mineralization by : Blandine Gourcerol
Download or read book Characterization of Banded Iron Formations Associated with Gold Mineralization written by Blandine Gourcerol and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Algoma-type banded iron formations (BIFs), which represent chemical sedimentary rocks characterized by alternating layers of iron-rich minerals and chert intercalated with Eoarchean to late Paleoproterozoic volcano-sedimentary sequences, act as a favorable host rock for orogenic gold mineralization within several Archean cratons (i.e., Pilbara, Kaapvaal, Superior, Slave and Churchill). Besides this economic aspect, these Fe-rich sequences have long been appreciated as an important contributor to furthering our understanding of the geochemical evolution of the Earth. However, these deposits are in general tectonically deformed, metamorphosed and dismembered, thus making reconstruction of their depositional setting and overall geologic setting difficult. Based on four Canadian BIF-hosted gold deposits (the Meadowbank, Meliadine, Musselwhite and Beardmore-Geraldton deposits), this thesis aims to establish the depositional setting of the Algoma-type BIF using the abundance of REE+Y of chert material used as proxy of the primary signature, as well as assess gold enrichment processes based on textures and trace element zoning of variable sulfides (i.e., pyrite, arsenopyrite and pyrrhotite) and finally study if there is a particular geochemical type of Algoma-type BIF associated with gold mineralization. Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometric (LA-ICP-MS) analyses performed on chert material suggest that BIFs from the four deposits show common depositional settings illustrated by deposition in semi-closed to closed basin under variable influence of high-temperature (>250oC) hydrothermal fluids input and detrital contamination. Moreover, evidence of late diagenetic processes involving O isotopic exchange between chert precursor (i.e., opaline material) and seawater origined fluid have been documented. According to their primary v signature, it appears that barren versus mineralized BIFs do not show any geochemical divergence suggesting that the depositional setting may influence the epigenetic gold mineralization. Based on quantitative element distribution maps combined with line traverse and spot analyses by LA-ICP-MS on sulfides, a common gold mineralizing event characterized by intense stratabound sulfide-replacement of Fe-rich material was reported in three studied deposits exhibiting a Au-As-Se-Te-Ag element association. This result suggests that metamorphic/hydrothermal orogenic processes driven by devolatilization of a common weakly to unmetamorphosed source rock have ledto generation of gold-bearing fluid which channelled into Algoma-type BIF via major crustal faults and/or shear zones within low tensile strength rocks.
Book Synopsis Examination of Banded Iron Formation Through Petrographic, Geochemical and Iron Isotope Analyses by : Melissa Margaret Hage
Download or read book Examination of Banded Iron Formation Through Petrographic, Geochemical and Iron Isotope Analyses written by Melissa Margaret Hage and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Banded iron formation (BIF) has the potential to preserve geochemical signatures critical to interpretation of early Earth because: (1) it is found within the Precambrian when fundamental changes in Earth’s physical, biological and chemical evolution occurred, and (2) it may preserve a record of the depositional environment. Rare earth elements (REE) are useful for investigating BIF because they have characteristic features. One goal of this study was to evaluate the calculation of certain REE ratios to determine if the calculation affected the interpretation. It was concluded that the method for calculating certain ratios may affect the interpretation of redox conditions for a given sample. Another goal was to determine paleo-oceanic and atmospheric redox conditions. REE concentrations in BIF samples from the >3.7 Ga Isua Greenstone Belt, the ~3.0 Ga Buhwa Greenstone Belt, and the ~1.9 Ga Gunflint Iron Formation were examined and it was concluded that the ~1.9 Ga ocean was not fully ventilated, but that oxidative continental weather was occurring. A third goal was to evaluate the degree of heterogeneity in BIF mineral REE chemistry. Substantial microscale heterogeneity in mineral spot chemistry was observed and is most likely a result of inorganic, post- depositional alteration processes. Lastly, this study examined a lithology whose age and origin has been highly debated, with some arguing for a BIF protolith and others arguing for an ultramafic protolith. To investigate the unit’s protolith, I analyzed mafic mineral compositions and found that they possess trace-element signatures indicative of an igneous origin, rendering a BIF protolith unnecessary. To investigate the reported age, I measured the orientation of foliations, mineral lineations and fold axes on either side of the contact used to date the contentious lithology and concluded that the contact is tectonic and thus cannot be used to constrain the depositional age of the debated unit.
Book Synopsis The Mineralogy and Geology of the Taconites and Iron Ores of the Mesabi Range, Minnesota by : John Walter Gruner
Download or read book The Mineralogy and Geology of the Taconites and Iron Ores of the Mesabi Range, Minnesota written by John Walter Gruner and published by . This book was released on 1946 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Mineralogical, Petrological and Geochemical Features of the Ore Formation of Savage River, Tasmania (Australia), Including a Comparison with the Kiruna-Iron Mtn. Type of Iron Ore Deposits by : Hans-Werner Matzat
Download or read book Mineralogical, Petrological and Geochemical Features of the Ore Formation of Savage River, Tasmania (Australia), Including a Comparison with the Kiruna-Iron Mtn. Type of Iron Ore Deposits written by Hans-Werner Matzat and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Geochemical Footprints and Structural Localisation of Ore-grade Au Mineralisation by : Marina D. Schofield
Download or read book Geochemical Footprints and Structural Localisation of Ore-grade Au Mineralisation written by Marina D. Schofield and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Karangahake adularia-sericite epithermal Au-Ag deposit, located in the southern Coromandel Peninsula, New Zealand, represents an encouraging prospect for future development, with potential for untapped resources. Historically, the Karangahake deposit has contributed 9% of the total gold from the Hauraki Goldfield making it the third largest producer in the region. The vein style mineralisation exhibits undulating strike and, variations in dip, with the main Maria and, Welcome lodes, comprising steeply dipping NE segments and, more moderately dipping NNW segments. Slip and dilation tendency analysis in 3D Stress® indicates that the steeper NE striking portions of the veins are more favourable for slip and dilation under the inferred paleo-stress regime and, hydrostatic conditions. This study indicates that the greatest paleopermeability at Karangahake was sub-vertical, plunging steeply NW, indicating dextral oblique movement. Vein morphology and, slip and dilation tendency analysis suggest that transient, oblique, slip events resulted in NE striking linkage structures between adjacent NNW-oriented fault segments, creating sub-vertical conduits of localised high-flux fluid flow in accommodation zones between adjacent fault segments. Such a configuration is conducive to the formation of near vertical ore shoots. Regional ESE tilting could have resulted in the current exposure of the Welcome/Crown vein to be 90m shallower than the Maria vein along the same level, under the assumption that tilting was latestage or post-mineralisation, which is supported by lower base metal contents and higher kaolinite contents along the Crown/Welcome lodes. This would indicate potential for high-grade mineralisation at depth beneath the currently mined portions of the Crown/ Welcome lodes. Simulations in 3D Stress® indicate that portions of the Maria vein were still favourably oriented for slip and dilation after the inferred 20°ESE rotation of the area, indicating that these structures would have remained active during and after tilting. A comparison of ore grade distribution along the Maria lode, using legacy data to create grade shell interpolants in Leapfrog®, and slip and dilation tendencies indicated by 3D Stress® indicates potential for predictive targeting of high-grade ore using slip and dilation tendency mapping. This is supported by spatial correlations with adularia, a known permeability indicator with an inferred cogenetic relationship with Au. Clay mineral distribution and typical pathfinder element distribution along the number 8 level and 5a level are complicated by supergene alteration, making determining geochemical vectors to high-grade ore using geochemical gradients difficult and more data is needed over the vertical extent of the deposit. This inferred conceptual model for the Karangahake deposit is consistent with regional studies in the CVZ and it supports the notion that recognition of transfer zones and localised rift basins in the CVZ may aid targeting of blind deposits, reducing exploration risk. This study provides promising results for cost-efficient methods of predictive targeting of high-grade ore, which can be further refined with additional data.
Book Synopsis Geochemical Investigation of Some Archaen Banded Iron Formations from Southwest Montana by : Daniel Ray Stanley
Download or read book Geochemical Investigation of Some Archaen Banded Iron Formations from Southwest Montana written by Daniel Ray Stanley and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Field and Petrological Study of Oxide-Facies Algoma-Type Banded Iron Formation, Sherman Mine, Temagami by : Stephen Ginley
Download or read book A Field and Petrological Study of Oxide-Facies Algoma-Type Banded Iron Formation, Sherman Mine, Temagami written by Stephen Ginley and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Banded iron formation (BIF) is the most commonly mined source of iron ore, but the details of its genesis are poorly defined. Algoma-Type BIF is a predominantly chemical sedimentary rock comprising iron-rich phases (hematite, magnetite, chlorite) and chert as distinct laminae associated with deep marine lithologies, especially volcanic rocks and black shales. The iron minerals are thought to be direct chemical precipitates from Fe-enriched bottom waters or formation waters, most probably related to proximal volcanic activity. Key questions examined in this study are the paragenetic relationships and origins of mineralogically distinct layers in the Temagami BIF and the possible mechanism of replacement of primary hematitic layers by magnetite. The latter is a fundamental process in generating ore-grade BIF. The mineralogical and geochemical fingerprints of the different components of the BIF are also examined as clues to their likely sources (i.e., from upflowing hydrothermal fluids, contemporaneous volcaniclastic material, or precipitation from the local bottom water). Field observations indicate three separate depositional horizons for BIF in the area and exclude previous suggestions of fold repetition. Documented relationships between different types of layers and different facies of BIF in outcrop and in samples of the ore material, including petrographic features and aspects of the mineral chemistry and whole rock geochemistry, were used to construct a detailed paragenesis of the Temagami BIF. Two paragenetically distinct types of hematite and three types of magnetite are distinguished by different habits, grain size, cross-cutting relationships and growth features. Whole rock geochemical data confirm that the different facies of BIF were mainly products of redox-driven precipitation, combined with local hydrothermal and clastic input.
Book Synopsis The Lithogeochemical and Mineralogical Setting of Turbidite Hosted Arsenic-gold Deposits in the Lower Palaeozoic of Scotland by : Paul R. Duller
Download or read book The Lithogeochemical and Mineralogical Setting of Turbidite Hosted Arsenic-gold Deposits in the Lower Palaeozoic of Scotland written by Paul R. Duller and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Detrital gold is widely dispersed in the Southern Uplands and attributed to minor Au-bearing vein mineralisation hosted by Ordovician and Silurian turbidites. Field, mineralogical and geochemical studies in the Glendinning area indicate the pervasive and laterally extensive nature of hydrothermal alteration and element zonation associated with As-Sb-Au mineralization. Geochemical anomalies are characterised by elevated chalcophile (As, Sb, S, Cu. Pb, Ti, Hg) and depleted siderophile (Fe, Mg, Zn) and alkali group (Na) elements. Broad areas of sodium depletion are indicative of primary hydrothermal activity and together with anomalous arsenic values locate 8 zones of As-Sb- Au-Hg mineralization within 10km of the Glendinning mine and some 60 locations elsewhere in the Southern Uplands of Scotland and the Longford Down, Ireland. Electron microprobe studies demonstrate that an initial phase of arsenopyrite mineralisation forms the principal locus of submicroscopic and lattice-hosted gold concentration in the Glendinning, Knipe, Cairngarroch Bay and Clontibret As-Sb-Au deposits. Gold deposition was initiated during wallrock alteration and hydraulic brecciation, possibly as a result of fluid chilling, while later stibnite vein deposition was accompanied and overprinted by minor chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena and a variety of sulphosalts. Hydrothermal alteration and As-Au mineralisation in the Southern Uplands postdates arc-related volcanism, turbidite deposition and early deformation. The model envisaged invokes the discharge of highly reducing, sulphur-rich hydrothermal fluids, related to the emplacement of structurally constrained, late Silurian calc-alkaline minor intrusives at the close of the Caledonian orogeny. Different levels of crustal emplacement and subsequent exhumation are considered to explain the various styles of As-Sb-Au mineralization exposed in the Southern Uplands. The complex tectonic hlstory of the Southern Uplands and Longford Down is mirrored by significant variations in the chemical composition of strike parallel greywacke tracts admixed with sediments derived from ophiolites, calc-alkaline volcanic arcs, stable cratons and carbonate shelves. Non-parametric K-means cluster analysis applied to 840 petrographlcally defined samples, determined the chemical variation within each petrofacies and provides a satisfactory method of classifying individual members. Geochemical traverses through the Southern Uplands and Longford Down reveal lateral continuity over a strike length of 350km.
Book Synopsis A Chemical and Mineralogical Study of Low-grade Zinc Mineralization at Three Localities in the Proterozoic Bangemall Basin of Western Australia by : Richard Davy
Download or read book A Chemical and Mineralogical Study of Low-grade Zinc Mineralization at Three Localities in the Proterozoic Bangemall Basin of Western Australia written by Richard Davy and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Mineral Formation and Structure in the Electrochemical Induration of Weak Rocks by : N. I. Titkov
Download or read book Mineral Formation and Structure in the Electrochemical Induration of Weak Rocks written by N. I. Titkov and published by Springer. This book was released on 1965 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Symposium on Mineral Deposits and the Transportation and Deposition of Metals by : C. R. Anhaeusser
Download or read book A Symposium on Mineral Deposits and the Transportation and Deposition of Metals written by C. R. Anhaeusser and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Petrology and Geochemistry of the Volcano-sedimentary Glen Tounship Formation, Aitkin County, East-central Minnesota by : Abdelmonem Abdelfattah Eldougdoug
Download or read book Petrology and Geochemistry of the Volcano-sedimentary Glen Tounship Formation, Aitkin County, East-central Minnesota written by Abdelmonem Abdelfattah Eldougdoug and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Genesis of Precambrian Iron and Manganese Deposits by : Unesco
Download or read book Genesis of Precambrian Iron and Manganese Deposits written by Unesco and published by UNESCO. This book was released on 1973 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Interpretations and Implications of Preliminary LA ICP-MS Analysis of Chert for the Origin of Geochemical Signatures in Banded Iron-formations from the Meadowbank Gold Deposit, Western Churchill Province, Nunavut by : Blandine Gourcerol
Download or read book Interpretations and Implications of Preliminary LA ICP-MS Analysis of Chert for the Origin of Geochemical Signatures in Banded Iron-formations from the Meadowbank Gold Deposit, Western Churchill Province, Nunavut written by Blandine Gourcerol and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Process Mineralogy II by : Richard D. Hagni
Download or read book Process Mineralogy II written by Richard D. Hagni and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Geologic Setting and Geochemistry of Auriferous Iron-formations on the Bugow Property, Russell Lake Area, District of Mackenzie, Northwest Territories by : Daniel Peter Bunner
Download or read book The Geologic Setting and Geochemistry of Auriferous Iron-formations on the Bugow Property, Russell Lake Area, District of Mackenzie, Northwest Territories written by Daniel Peter Bunner and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
