Structural And Biochemical Investigation Of Gram Positive Bacterial Surface Display Machinery

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Structural and Biochemical Investigation of Gram-Positive Bacterial Surface Display Machinery

Author : Brendan Rayhan Amer
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 164 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Structural and Biochemical Investigation of Gram-Positive Bacterial Surface Display Machinery by : Brendan Rayhan Amer

Download or read book Structural and Biochemical Investigation of Gram-Positive Bacterial Surface Display Machinery written by Brendan Rayhan Amer and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many species of pathogenic Gram-positive bacteria have become resistant to commonly used antibiotics, creating a pressing need for the development of novel antimicrobial therapies. These pathogenic bacteria are surrounded by a complex peptidoglycan cell wall that is decorated with a range of macromolecules such as surface proteins, protein-based oligomeric pili, and surface glycopolymers. These structures enable the microbe to effectively interact with their environment, and in pathogenetic bacteria are frequently virulence factors that are involved in: immune system modulation, bacterial adhesion, nutrient acquisition, and spore formation. Two distinct enzyme superfamilies are primarily responsible for covalently attaching macromolecules to the Gram-positive cell wall: sortase enzymes that attach proteins and assemble pili, and LytR-Psr-CpsA (LCP) enzymes that attach glycopolymers. This dissertation presents my efforts to discover a sortase inhibitor, structural and mechanistic investigations of both sortase and LCP enzymes, and the development of a new sortase mediated ligation technology. I describe our efforts to find inhibitors against the S. aureus sortase transpeptidase. We utilized both experimental and computational methods to discover potent inhibitor scaffolds. This led to structure-activity studies that not only improved inhibitor potency, but also yielded molecules that can inhibit bacterial protein display in vivo, and appear to be non-toxic to human cells. Sortase enzymes have also proven to be valuable biotechnological conjugation tools. I describe the development of a novel sortase-mediated ligation tool. We demonstrate a 15-fold rate enhancement for existing sortase mediated ligation strategies. Additionally, I discuss studies on sortase pilus assembly and display. To gain insight into the molecular mechanism of sortase pilus assembly, we reconstituted an archetypal Gram-positive pilus assembly process in vitro. This has allowed us to generate molecular models of various intermediates of pilus assembly and define the molecular determinants of this assembly process. We have identified novel features on both the sortase and pilin precursor proteins that are essential for pilus covalent isopeptide assembly. In the concluding chapter of this dissertation, structural work characterizing the unique LCP enzyme that mediates surface protein glycosylation is presented. Work on this project reveals that LCP enzymes use a conserved phosphotransferase mechanism to attach glycopolymers to surface displayed proteins, and this may be a mechanism for actinobacteria wall teichoic acid display, a key macromolecule in the bacterial cell envelope. Combined, this work serves to further define the mechanism of Gram-positive bacterial macromolecular surface display, improved sortase-mediated bioconjugation strategies, and steps towards novel anti-infective sortase inhibitors.

Prokaryotic Cytoskeletons

Author : Jan Löwe
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 331953047X
Total Pages : 457 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (195 download)

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Book Synopsis Prokaryotic Cytoskeletons by : Jan Löwe

Download or read book Prokaryotic Cytoskeletons written by Jan Löwe and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-05-11 with total page 457 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the structures and functions of active protein filaments, found in bacteria and archaea, and now known to perform crucial roles in cell division and intra-cellular motility, as well as being essential for controlling cell shape and growth. These roles are possible because the cytoskeletal and cytomotive filaments provide long range order from small subunits. Studies of these filaments are therefore of central importance to understanding prokaryotic cell biology. The wide variation in subunit and polymer structure and its relationship with the range of functions also provide important insights into cell evolution, including the emergence of eukaryotic cells. Individual chapters, written by leading researchers, review the great advances made in the past 20-25 years, and still ongoing, to discover the architectures, dynamics and roles of filaments found in relevant model organisms. Others describe one of the families of dynamic filaments found in many species. The most common types of filament are deeply related to eukaryotic cytoskeletal proteins, notably actin and tubulin that polymerise and depolymerise under the control of nucleotide hydrolysis. Related systems are found to perform a variety of roles, depending on the organisms. Surprisingly, prokaryotes all lack the molecular motors associated with eukaryotic F-actin and microtubules. Archaea, but not bacteria, also have active filaments related to the eukaryotic ESCRT system. Non-dynamic fibres, including intermediate filament-like structures, are known to occur in some bacteria.. Details of known filament structures are discussed and related to what has been established about their molecular mechanisms, including current controversies. The final chapter covers the use of some of these dynamic filaments in Systems Biology research. The level of information in all chapters is suitable both for active researchers and for advanced students in courses involving bacterial or archaeal physiology, molecular microbiology, structural cell biology, molecular motility or evolution. Chapter 3 of this book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license.

Bacterial Cell Wall

Author : J.-M. Ghuysen
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080860877
Total Pages : 607 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (88 download)

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Book Synopsis Bacterial Cell Wall by : J.-M. Ghuysen

Download or read book Bacterial Cell Wall written by J.-M. Ghuysen and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1994-02-09 with total page 607 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studies of the bacterial cell wall emerged as a new field of research in the early 1950s, and has flourished in a multitude of directions. This excellent book provides an integrated collection of contributions forming a fundamental reference for researchers and of general use to teachers, advanced students in the life sciences, and all scientists in bacterial cell wall research. Chapters include topics such as: Peptidoglycan, an essential constituent of bacterial endospores; Teichoic and teichuronic acids, lipoteichoic acids, lipoglycans, neural complex polysaccharides and several specialized proteins are frequently unique wall-associated components of Gram-positive bacteria; Bacterial cells evolving signal transduction pathways; Underlying mechanisms of bacterial resistance to antibiotics.

Molecular Biology of the Cell

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780815332183
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (321 download)

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Book Synopsis Molecular Biology of the Cell by :

Download or read book Molecular Biology of the Cell written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Surfaceome

Author : Kenneth R. Boheler
Publisher : Humana Press
ISBN 13 : 9781493975518
Total Pages : 348 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (755 download)

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Book Synopsis The Surfaceome by : Kenneth R. Boheler

Download or read book The Surfaceome written by Kenneth R. Boheler and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 2017-12-20 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides readers with the latest techniques and tools to assess modifications and functions of the surfaceome. The chapters in this book are divided into 4 sections: discovery-based approaches to surfaceome content; targeted approaches for surfaceome content; cell-based function analyses related to surfaceome content; and computational approaches in surfaceome studies. Section 1 focuses on discovery-based approaches for cataloging surfaceome content that analyses the surfaceome of bacteria, avian embryos, and mammalian systems. Section 2 discusses methods that over-express specific targets in Sf9 cells and generate bi-specific antibodies for targeting cancer and somatic cells. Section 3 explores voltage dependent sodium channels and high-content electrophysiological analyses. The final section looks at the new web-based platform known as targets-search. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Comprehensive and thorough, Surfaceome: Methods and Protocols assists in the study of cell surface protein biology and function. It is a valuable resource for all researchers interested in this field.

Bacterial Biofilms

Author : Tony Romeo
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540754180
Total Pages : 302 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (47 download)

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Book Synopsis Bacterial Biofilms by : Tony Romeo

Download or read book Bacterial Biofilms written by Tony Romeo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-26 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Throughout the biological world, bacteria thrive predominantly in surface-attached, matrix-enclosed, multicellular communities or biofilms, as opposed to isolated planktonic cells. This choice of lifestyle is not trivial, as it involves major shifts in the use of genetic information and cellular energy, and has profound consequences for bacterial physiology and survival. Growth within a biofilm can thwart immune function and antibiotic therapy and thereby complicate the treatment of infectious diseases, especially chronic and foreign device-associated infections. Modern studies of many important biofilms have advanced well beyond the descriptive stage, and have begun to provide molecular details of the structural, biochemical, and genetic processes that drive biofilm formation and its dispersion. There is much diversity in the details of biofilm development among various species, but there are also commonalities. In most species, environmental and nutritional conditions greatly influence biofilm development. Similar kinds of adhesive molecules often promote biofilm formation in diverse species. Signaling and regulatory processes that drive biofilm development are often conserved, especially among related bacteria. Knowledge of such processes holds great promise for efforts to control biofilm growth and combat biofilm-associated infections. This volume focuses on the biology of biofilms that affect human disease, although it is by no means comprehensive. It opens with chapters that provide the reader with current perspectives on biofilm development, physiology, environmental, and regulatory effects, the role of quorum sensing, and resistance/phenotypic persistence to antimicrobial agents during biofilm growth.

Regulation of Bacterial Virulence

Author : Michael L. Vasil
Publisher : American Society for Microbiology Press
ISBN 13 : 1555816762
Total Pages : 1189 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (558 download)

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Book Synopsis Regulation of Bacterial Virulence by : Michael L. Vasil

Download or read book Regulation of Bacterial Virulence written by Michael L. Vasil and published by American Society for Microbiology Press. This book was released on 2012-12-05 with total page 1189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive compendium of scholarly contributions relating to bacterial virulence gene regulation. • Provides insights into global control and the switch between distinct infectious states (e.g., acute vs. chronic). • Considers key issues about the mechanisms of gene regulation relating to: surface factors, exported toxins and export mechanisms. • Reflects on how the regulation of intracellular lifestyles and the response to stress can ultimately have an impact on the outcome of an infection. • Highlights and examines some emerging regulatory mechanisms of special significance. • Serves as an ideal compendium of valuable topics for students, researchers and faculty with interests in how the mechanisms of gene regulation ultimately affect the outcome of an array of bacterial infectious diseases.

Gram-positive Pathogens

Author : Vincent A. Fischetti
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 760 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Gram-positive Pathogens by : Vincent A. Fischetti

Download or read book Gram-positive Pathogens written by Vincent A. Fischetti and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 760 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the only single volume to deal with all aspects of gram–positive pathogens. It addresses the mechanisms of gram–positive bacterial pathogenicity, including the current knowledge on gram–positive structure and mechanisms of antibiotic resistance. Emphasizing streptococci, staphylococci, listeria, and spore–forming pathogens, Gram–Positive Pathogens includes chapters written by many of the leading researchers in these areas. The chapters systematically dissect these organisms biologically, genetically, and immunologically in an attempt to understand the strategies used by these bacteria to cause human disease.

Biosorption of Heavy Metals

Author : Bohumil Volesky
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9780849349171
Total Pages : 414 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (491 download)

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Book Synopsis Biosorption of Heavy Metals by : Bohumil Volesky

Download or read book Biosorption of Heavy Metals written by Bohumil Volesky and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1990-08-15 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This state-of-the-art volume represents the first comprehensively written book which focuses on the new field of biosorption. This fascinating work conveys essential fundamental information and outlines the perspectives of biosorption. It summarizes the metal-sorbing properties of nonliving bacterial, fungal, and algal biomass, plus highlights relevant metal-binding mechanisms. This volume also discusses the aspects of obtaining and processing microbial biomass and metal-chelating chemicals into industrially applicable biosorbent products. Microbiologists, chemists, and engineers with an interest in new technological and scientific horizons will find this reference indispensable.

Bacterial Cell Wall Structure and Dynamics

Author : Tobias Dörr
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889631524
Total Pages : 199 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (896 download)

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Book Synopsis Bacterial Cell Wall Structure and Dynamics by : Tobias Dörr

Download or read book Bacterial Cell Wall Structure and Dynamics written by Tobias Dörr and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2019-12-27 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bacterial cells are encased in a cell wall, which is required to maintain cell shape and to confer physical strength to the cell. The cell wall allows bacteria to cope with osmotic and environmental challenges and to secure cell integrity during all stages of bacterial growth and propagation, and thus has to be sufficiently rigid. Moreover, to accommodate growth processes, the cell wall at the same time has to be a highly dynamic structure: During cell enlargement, division, and differentiation, bacteria continuously remodel, degrade, and resynthesize their cell wall, but pivotally need to assure cell integrity during these processes. Finally, the cell wall is also adjusted according to both environmental constraints and metabolic requirements. However, how exactly this is achieved is not fully understood. The major structural component of the bacterial cell wall is peptidoglycan (PG), a mesh-like polymer of glycan chains interlinked by short-chain peptides, constituting a net-like macromolecular structure that has historically also termed murein or murein sacculus. Although the basic structure of PG is conserved among bacteria, considerable variations occur regarding cross-bridging, modifications, and attachments. Moreover, different structural arrangements of the cell envelope exist within bacteria: a thin PG layer sandwiched between an inner and outer membrane is present in Gram-negative bacteria, and a thick PG layer decorated with secondary glycopolymers including teichoic acids, is present in Gram-positive bacteria. Furthermore, even more complex envelope structures exist, such as those found in mycobacteria. Crucially, all bacteria possess a multitude of often redundant lytic enzymes, termed “autolysins”, and other cell wall modifying and synthesizing enzymes, allowing to degrade and rebuild the various structures covering the cells. However, how cell wall turnover and cell wall biosynthesis are coordinated during different stages of bacterial growth is currently unclear. The mechanisms that prevent cell lysis during these processes are also unclear. This Research Topic focuses on the dynamics of the bacterial cell wall, its modifications, and structural rearrangements during cell growth and differentiation. It pays particular attention to the turnover of PG, its breakdown and recycling, as well as the regulation of these processes. Other structures, for example, secondary polymers such as teichoic acids, which are dynamically changed during bacterial growth and differentiation, are also covered. In recent years, our view on the bacterial cell envelope has undergone a dramatic change that challenged old models of cell wall structure, biosynthesis, and turnover. This collection of articles aims to contribute to new understandings of bacterial cell wall structure and dynamics.

Glycoscience

Author : Bertram O. Fraser-Reid
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540361545
Total Pages : 2847 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (43 download)

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Book Synopsis Glycoscience by : Bertram O. Fraser-Reid

Download or read book Glycoscience written by Bertram O. Fraser-Reid and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-04-14 with total page 2847 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As a reflection of the quantum leap that has been made in the study of glycostructures, the first edition of this book has been completely revised and updated. The editors give up-to-date information on glycostructures, their chemistry and chemical biology in the form of a completely comprehensive survey. Glycostructures play highly diverse and crucial roles in a myriad of organisms and important systems in biology, physiology, medicine, bioengineering and technology. Only in recent years have the tools been developed to partly understand the highly complex functions and the chemistry behind them. While many facts remain undiscovered, this MRW has been contributed to by a large number of the world’s leading researchers in the field.

Bacterial Pathogenesis

Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0080860567
Total Pages : 643 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (88 download)

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Book Synopsis Bacterial Pathogenesis by :

Download or read book Bacterial Pathogenesis written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1998-07-01 with total page 643 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Established almost 30 years ago, Methods in Microbiology is the most prestigious series devoted to techniques and methodology in the field. Now totally revamped, revitalized, with a new format and expanded scope, Methods in Microbiology will continue to provide you with tried and tested, cutting-edge protocols to directly benefit your research. - Focuses on the methods most useful for the microbiologist interested in the way in which bacteria cause disease - Includes section devoted to 'Approaches to characterising pathogenic mechanisms' by Stanley Falkow - Covers safety aspects, detection, identification and speciation - Includes techniques for the study of host interactions and reactions in animals and plants - Describes biochemical and molecular genetic approaches - Essential methods for gene expression and analysis - Covers strategies and problems for disease control

Membrane Biogenesis

Author : Jos A.F. Op den Kamp
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642731848
Total Pages : 474 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (427 download)

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Book Synopsis Membrane Biogenesis by : Jos A.F. Op den Kamp

Download or read book Membrane Biogenesis written by Jos A.F. Op den Kamp and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many individual aspects of the dynamics and assembly of biological membranes have been studied in great detail. Cell biological approaches, advanced genetics, biophysics and biochemistry have greatly contributed to an increase in our knowledge in this field.lt is obvious however, that the three major membrane constituents - lipids, proteins and carbohydrates- are studied, in most cases separately and that a coherent overview of the various aspects of membrane biogenesis is not readily available. The NATO Advanced Study Institute on "New Perspectives in the Dynamics of Assembly of Biomembranes" intended to provide such an overview: it was set up to teach students and specialists the achievements obtained in the various research areas and to try and integrate the numerous aspects of membrane assembly into a coherent framework. The articles in here reflect this. Statting with detailed contributions on phospholipid structure, dynamics, organization and biogenesis, an up to date overview of the basic, lipidic backbone of biomembranes is given. Extensive progress is made in the research on membrane protein biosynthesis. In particular the post- and co-translational modification processes of proteins, the mechanisms of protein translocation and the sorting mechanisms which are necessary to direct proteins to their final, intra - or extracellular destination have been characterized in detail. Modern genetic approaches were indispensable in this research area: gene cloning, hybrid protein construction, site directed mutagenesis and sequencing techniques elucidated many functional aspects of specific nucleic acid and amino acid sequences.

Modern Analytical Techniques

Author : Gunter Zweig
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 1483220915
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (832 download)

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Book Synopsis Modern Analytical Techniques by : Gunter Zweig

Download or read book Modern Analytical Techniques written by Gunter Zweig and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analytical Methods for Pesticides and Plant Growth Regulators, Volume XIV: Modern Analytical Techniques covers an updated treatment of the most frequently used techniques for pesticide analysis, i.e., thin-layer chromatography, gas chromatography (packed and capillary columns), high-performance liquid chromatography, and mass spectrometry. People involved in the analysis of pesticides will find the book useful.

Bacterial Cell Walls and Membranes

Author : Andreas Kuhn
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3030187683
Total Pages : 501 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Bacterial Cell Walls and Membranes by : Andreas Kuhn

Download or read book Bacterial Cell Walls and Membranes written by Andreas Kuhn and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-06-18 with total page 501 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an up-to-date overview of the architecture and biosynthesis of bacterial and archaeal cell walls, highlighting the evolution-based similarities in, but also the intriguing differences between the cell walls of Gram-negative bacteria, the Firmicutes and Actinobacteria, and the Archaea. The recent major advances in this field, which have brought to light many new structural and functional details, are presented and discussed. Over the past five years, a number of novel systems, e.g. for lipid, porin and lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis have been described. In addition, new structural achievements with periplasmic chaperones have been made, all of which have revealed amazing details on how bacterial cell walls are synthesized. These findings provide an essential basis for future research, e.g. the development of new antibiotics. The book’s content is the logical continuation of Volume 84 of SCBI (on Prokaryotic Cytoskeletons), and sets the stage for upcoming volumes on Protein Complexes.

Prokaryotic Antimicrobial Peptides

Author : Djamel Drider
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1441976922
Total Pages : 451 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (419 download)

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Book Synopsis Prokaryotic Antimicrobial Peptides by : Djamel Drider

Download or read book Prokaryotic Antimicrobial Peptides written by Djamel Drider and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-03-08 with total page 451 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book will provide an overview of the advancement of fundamental knowledge and applications of antimicrobial peptides in biomedical, agricultural, veterinary, food, and cosmetic products. Antimicrobial peptides stand as potentially great alternatives to current antibiotics, and most research in this newly-created area has been published in journals and other periodicals. It is the editors’ opinion that it is timely to sum up the most important achievements in the field and provide the scientific community in a reference book. The goals of this project include illustrating the achievements made so far, debating the state of the art, and drawing new perspectives.

Protein Targeting and Translocation

Author : D. A. Phoenix
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780691635989
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (359 download)

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Book Synopsis Protein Targeting and Translocation by : D. A. Phoenix

Download or read book Protein Targeting and Translocation written by D. A. Phoenix and published by . This book was released on 2016-04-03 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Protein targeting is a fast-moving field that has encompassed areas from biophysics to molecular biology to try to gain insight into how proteins are directed to their final functional location and how such macromolecules are able to cross semi-permeable membrane barriers during their journey. This text reviews our current state of knowledge regarding the interaction of proteins at the membrane interface and the assembly of proteins into biological membranes, before proceeding to look at targeting pathways in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems. The reviews have been written by some of the leading researchers in the field, with contributions from around the world and with more than 1,800 references. The text is aimed at graduate students and at researchers with an interest in protein targeting, but may also be of use to final-year undergraduates. Originally published in 1999. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.