Stp 21-1-smct Soldier's Manual of Common Tasks Warrior Skills Level 1

Download Stp 21-1-smct Soldier's Manual of Common Tasks Warrior Skills Level 1 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781546871262
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (712 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Stp 21-1-smct Soldier's Manual of Common Tasks Warrior Skills Level 1 by : Department of Department of Defense

Download or read book Stp 21-1-smct Soldier's Manual of Common Tasks Warrior Skills Level 1 written by Department of Department of Defense and published by . This book was released on 2017-05-23 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This manual is one of a series of soldier training publications (STPs) that support individual training. Commanders, trainers, and Soldiers will use this manual and STP 21-24-SMCT to plan, conduct, sustain, and evaluate individual training of warrior tasks and battle drills in units.This manual includes the Army Warrior Training plan for warrior skills level (SL) 1 and task summaries for SL 1 critical common tasks that support unit wartime missions. This manual is the only authorized source for these common tasks. Task summaries in this manual supersede any common tasks appearing in military occupational specialty (MOS)-specific Soldier manuals.Training support information, such as reference materials, is also included. Trainers and first-line supervisors will ensure that SL 1 Soldiers have access to this publication in their work areas, unit learning centers, and unit libraries.

Soldier Training Publication Stp 21-1-Smct Soldier's Manual of Common Tasks

Download Soldier Training Publication Stp 21-1-Smct Soldier's Manual of Common Tasks PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CreateSpace
ISBN 13 : 9781516951550
Total Pages : 334 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (515 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Soldier Training Publication Stp 21-1-Smct Soldier's Manual of Common Tasks by : United States Government Us Army

Download or read book Soldier Training Publication Stp 21-1-Smct Soldier's Manual of Common Tasks written by United States Government Us Army and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2015-08-18 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication, Soldier Training Publication STP 21-1-SMCT Soldier's Manual of Common Tasks: Warrior Skills Level 1 August 2015, contains the individual tasks that are essential to the Army's ability to win on the modern battlefield. In an operational environment, regardless of job or individual MOS, each Soldier risks exposure to hostile actions. This manual contains the warrior skills that Soldiers must be able to perform to fight, survive, and win in combat. This SMCT gives the commander, NCO trainer, first-line supervisor, and individual Soldiers the information necessary to support integration and sustainment training in their units. This information allows trainers to plan, prepare, train, evaluate, and monitor individual training of warrior tasks. Using the appropriate mission-training plan (MTP), military occupational specialty (MOS)-specific Soldier's training publication (STP), and this manual helps provide the foundation for an effective unit-training plan. This manual includes the Army Warrior Training plan for warrior skills level (SL) 1 and task summaries for SL 1 critical common tasks that support unit wartime missions. This manual is the only authorized source for these common tasks. Task summaries in this manual supersede any common tasks appearing in military occupational specialty (MOS)-specific Soldier manuals. Training support information, such as reference materials, is also included. Trainers and first-line supervisors will ensure that SL 1 Soldiers have access to this publication in their work areas, unit learning centers, and unit libraries. This manual applies to the Active Army, the Army National Guard/Army National Guard of the United States, and the U.S. Army Reserve unless otherwise stated.

Stp 21-24-Smct Soldier's Manual Common Tasks Warrior Leader Skills Level 2, 3, 4

Download Stp 21-24-Smct Soldier's Manual Common Tasks Warrior Leader Skills Level 2, 3, 4 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN 13 : 9781975976224
Total Pages : 302 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (762 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Stp 21-24-Smct Soldier's Manual Common Tasks Warrior Leader Skills Level 2, 3, 4 by : Headquarters Department of the Army

Download or read book Stp 21-24-Smct Soldier's Manual Common Tasks Warrior Leader Skills Level 2, 3, 4 written by Headquarters Department of the Army and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2017-09 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The latest edition! STP 21-24-SMCT Soldier's Manual Common Tasks Warrior Leader Skills Level 2, 3, 4 is one of a series of Soldier training publications that support individual training. Commanders, trainers, and Soldiers will use this manual and STP 2-1-SMCT, Soldier's Manual of Common Tasks, Warrior Skills Level 1, to plan, conduct, sustain, and evaluate individual training of warrior tasks and battle drills in units. This manual contains an Army Warrior Training plan for warrior leader skills level (SL) 2 through SL 4 and task summaries for SL 2 critical common tasks that support unit wartime missions. This manual is the only authorized source for these common tasks. Task summaries in this manual supersede any common tasks appearing in MOS-specific Soldier manuals. Training support information such as reference materials, websites, ammunition requirements, and reproducible evaluation forms are also included.

Soldier's Training Publication STP 21-1-SMCT Soldier's Manual of Common Tasks Warrior Skills Level 1

Download Soldier's Training Publication STP 21-1-SMCT Soldier's Manual of Common Tasks Warrior Skills Level 1 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Prepper Press
ISBN 13 : 9781943544158
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (441 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Soldier's Training Publication STP 21-1-SMCT Soldier's Manual of Common Tasks Warrior Skills Level 1 by : Headquarters

Download or read book Soldier's Training Publication STP 21-1-SMCT Soldier's Manual of Common Tasks Warrior Skills Level 1 written by Headquarters and published by Prepper Press. This book was released on 2020-03-15 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This manual is one of a series of soldier training publications (STPs) that support individual training. Commanders, trainers, and Soldiers will use this manual and STP 21-24-SMCT to plan, conduct, sustain, and evaluate individual training of warrior tasks and battle drills in units.This manual includes the Army Warrior Training plan for warrior skills level (SL) 1 and task summaries for SL 1 critical common tasks that support unit wartime missions. Tasks include, but are not limited to:?Map reading and orientation?Movement under direct fire?Selecting hasty fighting positions?Using visual signaling techniques?Maintaining your assigned protective mask?Reacting to chemical or biological attacks?And much moreThis manual is the only authorized source for these common tasks. Task summaries in this manual supersede any common tasks appearing in military occupational specialty (MOS)-specific Soldier manuals.Training support information, such as reference materials, is also included. Trainers and first-line supervisors will ensure that SL 1 Soldiers have access to this publication in their work areas, unit learning centers, and unit libraries. This manual applies to the Active Army, the Army National Guard/Army National Guard of the United States, and the U.S. Army Reserve unless otherwise stated.

TRADOC Pamphlet TP 600-4 The Soldier's Blue Book

Download TRADOC Pamphlet TP 600-4 The Soldier's Blue Book PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781675302019
Total Pages : 314 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (2 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis TRADOC Pamphlet TP 600-4 The Soldier's Blue Book by : United States Government Us Army

Download or read book TRADOC Pamphlet TP 600-4 The Soldier's Blue Book written by United States Government Us Army and published by . This book was released on 2019-12-14 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This manual, TRADOC Pamphlet TP 600-4 The Soldier's Blue Book: The Guide for Initial Entry Soldiers August 2019, is the guide for all Initial Entry Training (IET) Soldiers who join our Army Profession. It provides an introduction to being a Soldier and Trusted Army Professional, certified in character, competence, and commitment to the Army. The pamphlet introduces Solders to the Army Ethic, Values, Culture of Trust, History, Organizations, and Training. It provides information on pay, leave, Thrift Saving Plans (TSPs), and organizations that will be available to assist you and your Families. The Soldier's Blue Book is mandated reading and will be maintained and available during BCT/OSUT and AIT.This pamphlet applies to all active Army, U.S. Army Reserve, and the Army National Guard enlisted IET conducted at service schools, Army Training Centers, and other training activities under the control of Headquarters, TRADOC.

The Resident Course

Download The Resident Course PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 22 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Resident Course by : Serpell G. Patrick

Download or read book The Resident Course written by Serpell G. Patrick and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

FM 21-11 First Aid for Soldiers

Download FM 21-11 First Aid for Soldiers PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 0359171834
Total Pages : 126 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (591 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis FM 21-11 First Aid for Soldiers by : United States. War Department

Download or read book FM 21-11 First Aid for Soldiers written by United States. War Department and published by . This book was released on 2018-10-20 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: FM 21-11 1943: Basic field manual, first aid for soldiers.(OBSOLETE) "The purpose of this manual is to teach the soldier what he can do for himself or a fellow soldier if injury or sickness occurs when no medical officer or Medical Department soldier is nearby. Information is also given concerning the use of certain supplies which are for the purpose of helping to keep well. This field manual addresses wounds, fractures/dislocations/ sprains, common emergencies and health measures, effects of severe cold and heat, measures for use in the jungle/tropics and in aircraft and tank injuries, transportation of sick and injured, war gases, and description and uses of first-aid kits and packets.

STP 21-1-SMCT Soldier's Manual of Common Tasks

Download STP 21-1-SMCT Soldier's Manual of Common Tasks PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Independently Published
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 388 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (775 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis STP 21-1-SMCT Soldier's Manual of Common Tasks by : Headquarters Department of the Army

Download or read book STP 21-1-SMCT Soldier's Manual of Common Tasks written by Headquarters Department of the Army and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2020-08-21 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: LARGE FORMAT - 8 1/2 by 11 inches, September 2017 The Army's basic mission is to train and prepare Soldiers, leaders, and units to fight and win in combat. As explained in the Army's capstone training doctrine (ADP 7-0), units do not have the time or the resources to achieve and sustain proficiency with every possible training task. Therefore, commanders must identify the tasks that are the units' critical wartime tasks. These tasks then become the unit's Mission Essential Task List. Commanders use the METL to develop their unit-training plan. Noncommissioned officers plan the individual training that Soldiers need to become warriors and to accomplish the METL. The STPs, also known as Soldier's manuals, provide the critical individual tasks for each military occupational specialty that support all of the unit's missions. The NCO leadership uses the tasks in the SMs to train the Soldiers and measure the Soldiers' proficiency with these unit-critical tasks. The manuals provide task performance and evaluation criteria and are the basis for individual training and evaluation in the unit and for task-based evaluation during resident training. Why buy a book you can download for free? We print the paperback book so you don't have to. First you gotta find a good clean (legible) copy and make sure it's the latest version (not always easy). Some documents found on the web are missing some pages or the image quality is so poor, they are difficult to read. If you find a good copy, you could print it using a network printer you share with 100 other people (typically its either out of paper or toner). If it's just a 10-page document, no problem, but if it's 350-pages, you will need to punch 3 holes in all those pages and put it in a 3-ring binder. Takes at least an hour. It's much more cost-effective to just order the bound paperback from Amazon.com We include a Table of Contents on the back cover for quick reference. We print these paperbacks as a service so you don't have to. The book is compact, tightly-bound paperback, full-size (8 1/2 by 11 inches), with large text and glossy covers. 4th Watch Publishing Co. is a SDVOSB. https: //usgovpub.com

What Every Person Should Know About War

Download What Every Person Should Know About War PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 1416583149
Total Pages : 196 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (165 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis What Every Person Should Know About War by : Chris Hedges

Download or read book What Every Person Should Know About War written by Chris Hedges and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2007-11-01 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Acclaimed New York Times journalist and author Chris Hedges offers a critical -- and fascinating -- lesson in the dangerous realities of our age: a stark look at the effects of war on combatants. Utterly lacking in rhetoric or dogma, this manual relies instead on bare fact, frank description, and a spare question-and-answer format. Hedges allows U.S. military documentation of the brutalizing physical and psychological consequences of combat to speak for itself. Hedges poses dozens of questions that young soldiers might ask about combat, and then answers them by quoting from medical and psychological studies. • What are my chances of being wounded or killed if we go to war? • What does it feel like to get shot? • What do artillery shells do to you? • What is the most painful way to get wounded? • Will I be afraid? • What could happen to me in a nuclear attack? • What does it feel like to kill someone? • Can I withstand torture? • What are the long-term consequences of combat stress? • What will happen to my body after I die? This profound and devastating portrayal of the horrors to which we subject our armed forces stands as a ringing indictment of the glorification of war and the concealment of its barbarity.

The Warrior Ethos and Soldier Combat Skills

Download The Warrior Ethos and Soldier Combat Skills PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Prepper Press
ISBN 13 : 9781939473615
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (736 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Warrior Ethos and Soldier Combat Skills by : Headquarters Department of the Army

Download or read book The Warrior Ethos and Soldier Combat Skills written by Headquarters Department of the Army and published by Prepper Press. This book was released on 2017-12-19 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern combat is chaotic, intense, and shockingly destructive. In your first battle, you will experience the confusing and often terrifying sights, sounds, smells, and dangers of the battlefield--but you must learn to survive and win despite them. You could face a fierce and relentless enemy. You could be surrounded by destruction and death. Your leaders and fellow soldiers may shout urgent commands and warnings. Rounds might impact near you. The air could be filled with the smell of explosives and propellant. You might hear the screams of a wounded comrade. However, even in all this confusion and fear, remember that you are not alone. You are part of a well-trained team, backed by the most powerful combined arms force, and the most modern technology in the world. You must keep faith with your fellow Soldiers, remember your training, and do your duty to the best of your ability. If you do, and you uphold your Warrior Ethos, you can win and return home with honor. Subjects covered include: -Individual Readiness -Combat Care and Preventative Medicine -Environmental Conditions -Cover, Concealment, and Camouflage -Fighting Positions -Movement -Urban Areas -Combat Marksmanship -Communications -Survival, Evasion, Resistance, and Escape

Soldier Training Publication STP 21-1-SMCT Soldier's Manual of Common Tasks Warrior Skills Level 1 September 2012

Download Soldier Training Publication STP 21-1-SMCT Soldier's Manual of Common Tasks Warrior Skills Level 1 September 2012 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Createspace Independent Pub
ISBN 13 : 9781480055025
Total Pages : 326 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (55 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Soldier Training Publication STP 21-1-SMCT Soldier's Manual of Common Tasks Warrior Skills Level 1 September 2012 by : United States Government US Army

Download or read book Soldier Training Publication STP 21-1-SMCT Soldier's Manual of Common Tasks Warrior Skills Level 1 September 2012 written by United States Government US Army and published by Createspace Independent Pub. This book was released on 2012-10-05 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This manual is one of a series of soldier training publications (STPs) that support individual training. Commanders, trainers, and Soldiers will use this manual and STP 21-24-SMCT to plan, conduct, sustain, and evaluate individual training of warrior tasks and battle drills in units. This manual includes the Army Warrior Training plan for warrior skills level (SL) 1 and task summaries for SL 1 critical common tasks that support unit wartime missions. This manual is the only authorized source for these common tasks. Task summaries in this manual supersede any common tasks appearing in military occupational specialty (MOS)-specific Soldier manuals. Training support information, such as reference materials, is also included. Trainers and first-line supervisors will ensure that SL 1 Soldiers have access to this publication in their work areas, unit learning centers, and unit libraries. This manual applies to the Active Army, the Army National Guard/Army National Guard of the United States, and the United States Army Reserve unless otherwise stated. The proponent of this publication is the United States Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC), with the United States Army Training Support Center (ATSC) designated as the principle publishing, printing, and distribution agency. Proponents for the specific tasks are the Army schools and agencies as identified by the school code, listed in appendix A. This code consists of the first three digits of the task identification number.

Soldier's Manual of Common Tasks WARRIOR SKILLS Level 1 September 2017 STP 21-1-SMCT

Download Soldier's Manual of Common Tasks WARRIOR SKILLS Level 1 September 2017 STP 21-1-SMCT PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 385 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (548 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Soldier's Manual of Common Tasks WARRIOR SKILLS Level 1 September 2017 STP 21-1-SMCT by : Headquarters Department HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY

Download or read book Soldier's Manual of Common Tasks WARRIOR SKILLS Level 1 September 2017 STP 21-1-SMCT written by Headquarters Department HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY and published by . This book was released on 2020-06-17 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soldier's Manual of Common Tasks WARRIOR SKILLS Level 1 SEPTEMBER 2017 Soldier Training Publication (STP 21-1-SMCT) This manual is one of a series of soldier training publications (STPs) that support individual training. Commanders, trainers, and Soldiers will use this manual and STP 21-24-SMCT to plan, conduct, sustain, and evaluate individual training of warrior tasks and battle drills in units. This manual includes the Army Warrior Training plan for warrior skills level (SL) 1 and task summaries for SL 1 critical common tasks that support unit wartime missions. This manual is the only authorized source for these common tasks. Task summaries in this manual supersede any common tasks appearing in military occupational specialty (MOS)-specific Soldier manuals. Training support information, such as reference materials, is also included. Trainers and first-line supervisors will ensure that SL 1 Soldiers have access to this publication in their work areas, unit learning centers, and unit libraries. This manual applies to the Active Army, the Army National Guard/Army National Guard of the United States, and the U.S. Army Reserve unless otherwise stated. The proponent of this publication is the United States Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC), with the United States Army Training Support Center (ATSC) designated as the principle publishing, printing, and distribution agency. Proponents for the specific tasks are the Army schools and agencies as identified by the school code, listed in appendix A. This code consists of the first three digits of the task identification number.

From One Leader to Another

Download From One Leader to Another PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Military Bookshop
ISBN 13 : 9781782663959
Total Pages : 398 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (639 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis From One Leader to Another by : Combat Studies Institute Press

Download or read book From One Leader to Another written by Combat Studies Institute Press and published by Military Bookshop. This book was released on 2013-05 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work is a collection of observations, insights, and advice from over 50 serving and retired Senior Non-Commissioned Officers. These experienced Army leaders have provided for the reader, outstanding mentorship on leadership skills, tasks, and responsibilities relevant to our Army today. There is much wisdom and advice "from one leader to another" in the following pages.

Field Manual FM 3-21. 8 (FM 7-8) the Infantry Rifle Platoon and Squad March 2007

Download Field Manual FM 3-21. 8 (FM 7-8) the Infantry Rifle Platoon and Squad March 2007 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Silver Rock Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9781626544611
Total Pages : 602 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (446 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Field Manual FM 3-21. 8 (FM 7-8) the Infantry Rifle Platoon and Squad March 2007 by : Department of the Army

Download or read book Field Manual FM 3-21. 8 (FM 7-8) the Infantry Rifle Platoon and Squad March 2007 written by Department of the Army and published by Silver Rock Publishing. This book was released on 2015-12-31 with total page 602 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This field manual provides doctrinal framework for how infantry rifle platoons and squads fight. It also addresses rifle platoon and squad non-combat operations across the spectrum of conflict. Content discussions include principles, tactics, techniques, procedures, terms, and symbols that apply to small unit operations in the current operational environment.

SOLDIERS MANUAL OF COMMON TASK

Download SOLDIERS MANUAL OF COMMON TASK PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Lulu.com
ISBN 13 : 9781365793264
Total Pages : 336 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (932 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis SOLDIERS MANUAL OF COMMON TASK by : Department Of the Army

Download or read book SOLDIERS MANUAL OF COMMON TASK written by Department Of the Army and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2017-03 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This manual is one of a series of soldier training publications (STPs) that support individual training. Commanders, trainers, and Soldiers will use this manual and STP 21-24-SMCT to plan, conduct, sustain, and evaluate individual training of warrior tasks and battle drills in units. This manual includes the Army Warrior Training plan for warrior skills level (SL) 1 and task summaries for SL 1 critical common tasks that support unit wartime missions. This manual is the only authorized source for these common tasks. Task summaries in this manual supersede any common tasks appearing in military occupational specialty (MOS)-specific Soldier manuals. Training support information, such as reference materials, is also included. Trainers and first-line supervisors will ensure that SL 1 Soldiers have access to this publication in their work areas, unit learning centers, and unit libraries.

The Infantry Rifle Platoon and Squad (FM 3-21. 8 / 7-8)

Download The Infantry Rifle Platoon and Squad (FM 3-21. 8 / 7-8) PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Echo Point Books & Media
ISBN 13 : 9781626544277
Total Pages : 602 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (442 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Infantry Rifle Platoon and Squad (FM 3-21. 8 / 7-8) by : Department of the Army

Download or read book The Infantry Rifle Platoon and Squad (FM 3-21. 8 / 7-8) written by Department of the Army and published by Echo Point Books & Media. This book was released on 2015-12-31 with total page 602 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This field manual provides doctrinal framework for how infantry rifle platoons and squads fight. It also addresses rifle platoon and squad non-combat operations across the spectrum of conflict. Content discussions include principles, tactics, techniques, procedures, terms, and symbols that apply to small unit operations in the current operational environment.

FM 34-52 Intelligence Interrogation

Download FM 34-52 Intelligence Interrogation PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN 13 : 9781978322677
Total Pages : 178 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (226 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis FM 34-52 Intelligence Interrogation by : Department of Department of the Army

Download or read book FM 34-52 Intelligence Interrogation written by Department of Department of the Army and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2017-12-13 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 1992 edition of the FM 34-52 Intelligence Interrogation Field Manual.