Stochastic Stage Structured Population Model

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Structured-Population Models in Marine, Terrestrial, and Freshwater Systems

Author : Shripad Tuljapurkar
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461559731
Total Pages : 644 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (615 download)

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Book Synopsis Structured-Population Models in Marine, Terrestrial, and Freshwater Systems by : Shripad Tuljapurkar

Download or read book Structured-Population Models in Marine, Terrestrial, and Freshwater Systems written by Shripad Tuljapurkar and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 644 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the summer of 1993, twenty-six graduate and postdoctoral stu dents and fourteen lecturers converged on Cornell University for a summer school devoted to structured-population models. This school was one of a series to address concepts cutting across the traditional boundaries separating terrestrial, marine, and freshwa ter ecology. Earlier schools resulted in the books Patch Dynamics (S. A. Levin, T. M. Powell & J. H. Steele, eds., Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1993) and Ecological Time Series (T. M. Powell & J. H. Steele, eds., Chapman and Hall, New York, 1995); a book on food webs is in preparation. Models of population structure (differences among individuals due to age, size, developmental stage, spatial location, or genotype) have an important place in studies of all three kinds of ecosystem. In choosing the participants and lecturers for the school, we se lected for diversity-biologists who knew some mathematics and mathematicians who knew some biology, field biologists sobered by encounters with messy data and theoreticians intoxicated by the elegance of the underlying mathematics, people concerned with long-term evolutionary problems and people concerned with the acute crises of conservation biology. For four weeks, these perspec tives swirled in discussions that started in the lecture hall and carried on into the sweltering Ithaca night. Diversity mayor may not increase stability, but it surely makes things interesting.

Sensitivity Analysis: Matrix Methods in Demography and Ecology

Author : Hal Caswell
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3030105342
Total Pages : 308 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Sensitivity Analysis: Matrix Methods in Demography and Ecology by : Hal Caswell

Download or read book Sensitivity Analysis: Matrix Methods in Demography and Ecology written by Hal Caswell and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-04-02 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book shows how to use sensitivity analysis in demography. It presents new methods for individuals, cohorts, and populations, with applications to humans, other animals, and plants. The analyses are based on matrix formulations of age-classified, stage-classified, and multistate population models. Methods are presented for linear and nonlinear, deterministic and stochastic, and time-invariant and time-varying cases. Readers will discover results on the sensitivity of statistics of longevity, life disparity, occupancy times, the net reproductive rate, and statistics of Markov chain models in demography. They will also see applications of sensitivity analysis to population growth rates, stable population structures, reproductive value, equilibria under immigration and nonlinearity, and population cycles. Individual stochasticity is a theme throughout, with a focus that goes beyond expected values to include variances in demographic outcomes. The calculations are easily and accurately implemented in matrix-oriented programming languages such as Matlab or R. Sensitivity analysis will help readers create models to predict the effect of future changes, to evaluate policy effects, and to identify possible evolutionary responses to the environment. Complete with many examples of the application, the book will be of interest to researchers and graduate students in human demography and population biology. The material will also appeal to those in mathematical biology and applied mathematics.

Stage-structured Demography in Stochastic Environments

Author : Raziel Joseph Davison
Publisher : Stanford University
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 137 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Stage-structured Demography in Stochastic Environments by : Raziel Joseph Davison

Download or read book Stage-structured Demography in Stochastic Environments written by Raziel Joseph Davison and published by Stanford University. This book was released on 2011 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Populations living in natural environments experience fluctuations in environmental conditions that drive variability in demographic rates. This dissertation develops new and existing mathematical methods for studying environmental stochasticity and uses these tools to investigate the role of environmental stochasticity in driving observed population dynamics and plant life history evolution. In the first two chapters I develop new approaches to a classic method in population biology, the life table response experiment (LTRE). Whereas existing methods used time-averaged demographic rates and deterministic sensitivities to decompose observed differences in population growth rates, this new method allows estimation of the contributions to those differences made by variances in demographic rates as well as by mean rate values. I use this stochastic LTRE to show how differential variability in the vital rates of Anthyllis vulneraria (kidney vetch) contribute to differences in the population growth rates of nine populations growing in southwest Belgium; we also show how the effects of demographic rate variability depend on soil depth, where the greater moisture retention of deeper soils buffers populations against the otherwise negative effects of demographic variability. The second chapter provides a different approach to LTRE that uses an iterated two-factor decomposition of the small noise approximation of the stochastic population growth rate to quantify contributions to that growth rate made by: (i) mean vital rates, (ii) temporal variability in vital rates, (iii) elasticities of the population growth rate to individual vital rates, and (iv) correlations between vital rates across the study period. Contributions of elasticities tell us about differences in local selection pressures acting on distinct populations and contributions of correlations tell us about differences in the phenotypic tradeoffs associated with vital rates. I use this new method to show how these differences drive dynamics in two species: Anthyllis vulneraria (the same populations studied in the first chapter) and Cypripedium calceolus (lady's slipper orchid). In Anthyllis vulneraria, variability in large adult fertility and seedling survival made the largest contributions; there were also effects of differences in elasticities of large adult fertility and survival, as well as differences in the correlations between rapid growth and survival in seedlings (a survival cost of rapid early development), between large adult fertility and survival (a survival cost of reproduction) and between large adult fertility and seedling survival. In Cypripedium calceolus, population growth rates were driven most by differences in the elasticities to the probabilities of adult stasis vs. entering dormancy, as well as by differences in the variability and tradeoffs associated with adult dormancy; correlation played a role through differences in the survival payoff of dormancy vs. the complimentary fertility cost of dormancy in terms of lost opportunity for reproduction. The third and final chapter investigates the role of fire disturbance in driving the life histories and population-level dynamics of five woody plant species growing in the Brazilian cerrado, a savannah-forest mosaic in which woody vegetation cover is primarily mediated by fire disturbance. This study presents a set of diagnostics that use demographic responses to recurring disturbance to categorize species along a continuum of adaptation: on one end we find 'resistant' species that must weather disturbance in order to attain large sizes that are buffered against fire-induced mortality; on the other end we find 'resilient' species that are relatively indifferent to disturbance and harness transient opportunities afforded by early post-fire successional habitats in order to take advantage of increased nutrient availability and reduced competition. Each of these chapters uses stochastic demographic analysis to extend theory describing the dynamics of populations in variable environments; together, these studies present a variegated perspective on the role of environmental stochasticity that provides new methods and novel perspectives that should be useful in the study of population biology and life history evolution.

Matrix Population Models

Author : Hal Caswell
Publisher : Sinauer
ISBN 13 : 9780878931217
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (312 download)

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Book Synopsis Matrix Population Models by : Hal Caswell

Download or read book Matrix Population Models written by Hal Caswell and published by Sinauer. This book was released on 2006-05-10 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a complete treatment of matrix population models and their applications in ecology and demography. It is written for graduate students and researchers in ecology, population biology, conservation biology and human demography.

The Dynamics of Physiologically Structured Populations

Author : Johan A. Metz
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3662131595
Total Pages : 526 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (621 download)

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Book Synopsis The Dynamics of Physiologically Structured Populations by : Johan A. Metz

Download or read book The Dynamics of Physiologically Structured Populations written by Johan A. Metz and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-03-11 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Stochastic Population Dynamics in Ecology and Conservation

Author : Russell Lande
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 9780198525257
Total Pages : 698 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (252 download)

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Book Synopsis Stochastic Population Dynamics in Ecology and Conservation by : Russell Lande

Download or read book Stochastic Population Dynamics in Ecology and Conservation written by Russell Lande and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2003 with total page 698 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 1. Demographic and environmental stochasticity -- 2. Extinction dynamics -- 3. Age structure -- 4. Spatial structure -- 5. Population viability analysis -- 6. Sustainable harvesting -- 7. Species diversity -- 8. Community dynamics.

Stage-Structured Populations

Author : Bryan Manly
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400908431
Total Pages : 198 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Stage-Structured Populations by : Bryan Manly

Download or read book Stage-Structured Populations written by Bryan Manly and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a review of methods for obtaining and analysing data from stage-structured biological populations. The topics covered are sam pling designs (Chapter 2), the estimation of parameters by maximum likelihood (Chapter 3), the analysis of sample counts of the numbers cif individuals in different stages at different times (Chapters 4 and 5), the analysis of data using Leslie matrix types of model (Chapter 6) and key factor analysis (Chapter 7). There is also some discussion of the approaches to modelling and estimation that have been used in five studies of particular populations (Chapter 8). There is a large literature on the modelling of biological populations, and a multitude of different approaches have been used in this area. The various approaches can be classified in different ways (Southwood, 1978, ch. 12), but for the purposes of this book it is convenient to think of the three categories mathematical, statistical and predictive modelling. Mathematical modelling is concerned largely with developing models that capture the most important qualitative features of population dynamics. In this case, the models that are developed do not have to be compared with data from natural populations. As representations of idealized systems, they can be quite informative in showing the effects of changing parameters, indicating what factors are most important in promoting stability, and so on.

An Introduction to Stochastic Modeling

Author : Howard M. Taylor
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 1483269272
Total Pages : 410 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (832 download)

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Book Synopsis An Introduction to Stochastic Modeling by : Howard M. Taylor

Download or read book An Introduction to Stochastic Modeling written by Howard M. Taylor and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-05-10 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An Introduction to Stochastic Modeling provides information pertinent to the standard concepts and methods of stochastic modeling. This book presents the rich diversity of applications of stochastic processes in the sciences. Organized into nine chapters, this book begins with an overview of diverse types of stochastic models, which predicts a set of possible outcomes weighed by their likelihoods or probabilities. This text then provides exercises in the applications of simple stochastic analysis to appropriate problems. Other chapters consider the study of general functions of independent, identically distributed, nonnegative random variables representing the successive intervals between renewals. This book discusses as well the numerous examples of Markov branching processes that arise naturally in various scientific disciplines. The final chapter deals with queueing models, which aid the design process by predicting system performance. This book is a valuable resource for students of engineering and management science. Engineers will also find this book useful.

Population Dynamics in Variable Environments

Author : Shripad Tuljapurkar
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642516521
Total Pages : 148 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (425 download)

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Book Synopsis Population Dynamics in Variable Environments by : Shripad Tuljapurkar

Download or read book Population Dynamics in Variable Environments written by Shripad Tuljapurkar and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Demography relates observable facts about individuals to the dynamics of populations. If the dynamics are linear and do not change over time, the classical theory of Lotka (1907) and Leslie (1945) is the central tool of demography. This book addresses the situation when the assumption of constancy is dropped. In many practical situations, a population will display unpredictable variation over time in its vital rates, which must then be described in statistical terms. Most of this book is concerned with the theory of populations which are subject to random temporal changes in their vital rates, although other kinds of variation (e. g. , cyclical) are also dealt with. The central questions are: how does temporal variation work its way into a population's future, and how does it affect our interpretation of a population's past. The results here are directed at demographers of humans and at popula tion biologists. The uneven mathematical level is dictated by the material, but the book should be accessible to readers interested in population the ory. (Readers looking for background or prerequisites will find much of it in Hal Caswell's Matrix population models: construction, analysis, and in terpretation (Sinauer 1989) ). This book is in essence a progress report and is deliberately brief; I hope that it is not mystifying. I have not attempted to be complete about either the history or the subject, although most sig nificant results and methods are presented.

Using Science to Improve the BLM Wild Horse and Burro Program

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309264944
Total Pages : 399 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis Using Science to Improve the BLM Wild Horse and Burro Program by : National Research Council

Download or read book Using Science to Improve the BLM Wild Horse and Burro Program written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-10-04 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using Science to Improve the BLM Wild Horse and Burro Program: A Way Forward reviews the science that underpins the Bureau of Land Management's oversight of free-ranging horses and burros on federal public lands in the western United States, concluding that constructive changes could be implemented. The Wild Horse and Burro Program has not used scientifically rigorous methods to estimate the population sizes of horses and burros, to model the effects of management actions on the animals, or to assess the availability and use of forage on rangelands. Evidence suggests that horse populations are growing by 15 to 20 percent each year, a level that is unsustainable for maintaining healthy horse populations as well as healthy ecosystems. Promising fertility-control methods are available to help limit this population growth, however. In addition, science-based methods exist for improving population estimates, predicting the effects of management practices in order to maintain genetically diverse, healthy populations, and estimating the productivity of rangelands. Greater transparency in how science-based methods are used to inform management decisions may help increase public confidence in the Wild Horse and Burro Program.

Using R for Modelling and Quantitative Methods in Fisheries

Author : Malcolm Haddon
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000079279
Total Pages : 329 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Using R for Modelling and Quantitative Methods in Fisheries by : Malcolm Haddon

Download or read book Using R for Modelling and Quantitative Methods in Fisheries written by Malcolm Haddon and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-08-27 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using R for Modelling and Quantitative Methods in Fisheries has evolved and been adapted from an earlier book by the same author and provides a detailed introduction to analytical methods commonly used by fishery scientists, ecologists, and advanced students using the open-source software R as a programming tool. Some knowledge of R is assumed, as this is a book about using R, but an introduction to the development and working of functions, and how one can explore the contents of R functions and packages, is provided. The example analyses proceed step-by-step using code listed in the book and from the book’s companion R package, MQMF, available from GitHub and the standard archive, CRAN. The examples are designed to be simple to modify so the reader can quickly adapt the methods described to use with their own data. A primary aim of the book is to be a useful resource to natural resource practitioners and students. Featured Chapters: Model Parameter Estimation provides a detailed explanation of the requirements and steps involved in fitting models to data, using R and, mainly, maximum likelihood methods. On Uncertainty uses R to implement bootstrapping, likelihood profiles, asymptotic errors, and Bayesian posteriors to characterize any uncertainty in an analysis. The use of the Monte Carlo Markov Chain methodology is examined in some detail. Surplus Production Models applies all the methods examined in the earlier parts of the book to conducting a stock assessment. This included fitting alternative models to the available data, characterizing the uncertainty in different ways, and projecting the optimum models forward in time as the basis for providing useful management advice.

Mathematics in Population Biology

Author : Horst R. Thieme
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691187657
Total Pages : 564 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (911 download)

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Book Synopsis Mathematics in Population Biology by : Horst R. Thieme

Download or read book Mathematics in Population Biology written by Horst R. Thieme and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2018-06-05 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The formulation, analysis, and re-evaluation of mathematical models in population biology has become a valuable source of insight to mathematicians and biologists alike. This book presents an overview and selected sample of these results and ideas, organized by biological theme rather than mathematical concept, with an emphasis on helping the reader develop appropriate modeling skills through use of well-chosen and varied examples. Part I starts with unstructured single species population models, particularly in the framework of continuous time models, then adding the most rudimentary stage structure with variable stage duration. The theme of stage structure in an age-dependent context is developed in Part II, covering demographic concepts, such as life expectation and variance of life length, and their dynamic consequences. In Part III, the author considers the dynamic interplay of host and parasite populations, i.e., the epidemics and endemics of infectious diseases. The theme of stage structure continues here in the analysis of different stages of infection and of age-structure that is instrumental in optimizing vaccination strategies. Each section concludes with exercises, some with solutions, and suggestions for further study. The level of mathematics is relatively modest; a "toolbox" provides a summary of required results in differential equations, integration, and integral equations. In addition, a selection of Maple worksheets is provided. The book provides an authoritative tour through a dazzling ensemble of topics and is both an ideal introduction to the subject and reference for researchers.

Population Harvesting (MPB-27), Volume 27

Author : Wayne M. Getz
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691209634
Total Pages : 414 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (912 download)

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Book Synopsis Population Harvesting (MPB-27), Volume 27 by : Wayne M. Getz

Download or read book Population Harvesting (MPB-27), Volume 27 written by Wayne M. Getz and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2020-03-31 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Whether in felling trees for wood, rearing insects for biological control, or culling animals for conservation purposes, efficient management of biological systems requires quantitative analysis of population growth and harvesting policies. Aiming to encourage the exchange of ideas among scientists involved in the management of fisheries, wildlife, forest stands, and pest control, the authors of this work present a general framework for modeling populations that reproduce seasonally and that have age or stage structure as an essential component of management strategy. The book represents the first time that examples from such diverse areas of biological resource management have been brought together in a unified modeling framework using the standard notation of mathematical systems theory. In addition, the authors combine a nonlinear extension of Leslie matrix theory and certain linear elements, thereby permitting interesting analytical results and the creation of compact, realistic simulation models of resource systems.

The Basic Approach to Age-Structured Population Dynamics

Author : Mimmo Iannelli
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9402411461
Total Pages : 357 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (24 download)

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Book Synopsis The Basic Approach to Age-Structured Population Dynamics by : Mimmo Iannelli

Download or read book The Basic Approach to Age-Structured Population Dynamics written by Mimmo Iannelli and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-08-27 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an introduction to age-structured population modeling which emphasizes the connection between mathematical theory and underlying biological assumptions. Through the rigorous development of the linear theory and the nonlinear theory alongside numerics, the authors explore classical equations that describe the dynamics of certain ecological systems. Modeling aspects are discussed to show how relevant problems in the fields of demography, ecology and epidemiology can be formulated and treated within the theory. In particular, the book presents extensions of age-structured modeling to the spread of diseases and epidemics while also addressing the issue of regularity of solutions, the asymptotic behavior of solutions, and numerical approximation. With sections on transmission models, non-autonomous models and global dynamics, this book fills a gap in the literature on theoretical population dynamics. The Basic Approach to Age-Structured Population Dynamics will appeal to graduate students and researchers in mathematical biology, epidemiology and demography who are interested in the systematic presentation of relevant models and mathematical methods.

Individual-based Modeling and Ecology

Author : Volker Grimm
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 1400850622
Total Pages : 445 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (8 download)

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Book Synopsis Individual-based Modeling and Ecology by : Volker Grimm

Download or read book Individual-based Modeling and Ecology written by Volker Grimm and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2013-11-28 with total page 445 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Individual-based models are an exciting and widely used new tool for ecology. These computational models allow scientists to explore the mechanisms through which population and ecosystem ecology arises from how individuals interact with each other and their environment. This book provides the first in-depth treatment of individual-based modeling and its use to develop theoretical understanding of how ecological systems work, an approach the authors call "individual-based ecology.? Grimm and Railsback start with a general primer on modeling: how to design models that are as simple as possible while still allowing specific problems to be solved, and how to move efficiently through a cycle of pattern-oriented model design, implementation, and analysis. Next, they address the problems of theory and conceptual framework for individual-based ecology: What is "theory"? That is, how do we develop reusable models of how system dynamics arise from characteristics of individuals? What conceptual framework do we use when the classical differential equation framework no longer applies? An extensive review illustrates the ecological problems that have been addressed with individual-based models. The authors then identify how the mechanics of building and using individual-based models differ from those of traditional science, and provide guidance on formulating, programming, and analyzing models. This book will be helpful to ecologists interested in modeling, and to other scientists interested in agent-based modeling.

Essentials of Stochastic Processes

Author : Richard Durrett
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319456148
Total Pages : 282 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (194 download)

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Book Synopsis Essentials of Stochastic Processes by : Richard Durrett

Download or read book Essentials of Stochastic Processes written by Richard Durrett and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-11-07 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Building upon the previous editions, this textbook is a first course in stochastic processes taken by undergraduate and graduate students (MS and PhD students from math, statistics, economics, computer science, engineering, and finance departments) who have had a course in probability theory. It covers Markov chains in discrete and continuous time, Poisson processes, renewal processes, martingales, and option pricing. One can only learn a subject by seeing it in action, so there are a large number of examples and more than 300 carefully chosen exercises to deepen the reader’s understanding. Drawing from teaching experience and student feedback, there are many new examples and problems with solutions that use TI-83 to eliminate the tedious details of solving linear equations by hand, and the collection of exercises is much improved, with many more biological examples. Originally included in previous editions, material too advanced for this first course in stochastic processes has been eliminated while treatment of other topics useful for applications has been expanded. In addition, the ordering of topics has been improved; for example, the difficult subject of martingales is delayed until its usefulness can be applied in the treatment of mathematical finance.

Mixed Effects Models for the Population Approach

Author : Marc Lavielle
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1482226510
Total Pages : 380 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (822 download)

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Book Synopsis Mixed Effects Models for the Population Approach by : Marc Lavielle

Download or read book Mixed Effects Models for the Population Approach written by Marc Lavielle and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-07-14 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wide-Ranging Coverage of Parametric Modeling in Linear and Nonlinear Mixed Effects ModelsMixed Effects Models for the Population Approach: Models, Tasks, Methods and Tools presents a rigorous framework for describing, implementing, and using mixed effects models. With these models, readers can perform parameter estimation and modeling across a whol