Robust Optimal Planning and Operation of Electrical Energy Systems

Download Robust Optimal Planning and Operation of Electrical Energy Systems PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3030042960
Total Pages : 319 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (3 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Robust Optimal Planning and Operation of Electrical Energy Systems by : Behnam Mohammadi-ivatloo

Download or read book Robust Optimal Planning and Operation of Electrical Energy Systems written by Behnam Mohammadi-ivatloo and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-02-06 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses the recent developments in robust optimization (RO) and information gap design theory (IGDT) methods and their application for the optimal planning and operation of electric energy systems. Chapters cover both theoretical background and applications to address common uncertainty factors such as load variation, power market price, and power generation of renewable energy sources. Case studies with real-world applications are included to help undergraduate and graduate students, researchers and engineers solve robust power and energy optimization problems and provide effective and promising solutions for the robust planning and operation of electric energy systems.

Advances in Theoretical and Computational Energy Optimization Processes

Download Advances in Theoretical and Computational Energy Optimization Processes PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : MDPI
ISBN 13 : 3039366386
Total Pages : 422 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (393 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Advances in Theoretical and Computational Energy Optimization Processes by : Ferdinando Salata

Download or read book Advances in Theoretical and Computational Energy Optimization Processes written by Ferdinando Salata and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-12-29 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The paradigm in the design of all human activity that requires energy for its development must change from the past. We must change the processes of product manufacturing and functional services. This is necessary in order to mitigate the ecological footprint of man on the Earth, which cannot be considered as a resource with infinite capacities. To do this, every single process must be analyzed and modified, with the aim of decarbonising each production sector. This collection of articles has been assembled to provide ideas and new broad-spectrum contributions for these purposes.

Optimal Operation of Integrated Multi-Energy Systems Under Uncertainty

Download Optimal Operation of Integrated Multi-Energy Systems Under Uncertainty PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128241152
Total Pages : 372 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (282 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Optimal Operation of Integrated Multi-Energy Systems Under Uncertainty by : Qiuwei Wu

Download or read book Optimal Operation of Integrated Multi-Energy Systems Under Uncertainty written by Qiuwei Wu and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-09-07 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Optimal Operation of Integrated Multi-Energy Systems Under Uncertainty discusses core concepts, advanced modeling and key operation strategies for integrated multi-energy systems geared for use in optimal operation. The book particularly focuses on reviewing novel operating strategies supported by relevant code in MATLAB and GAMS. It covers foundational concepts, key challenges and opportunities in operational implementation, followed by discussions of conventional approaches to modeling electricity, heat and gas networks. This modeling is the base for more detailed operation strategies for optimal operation of integrated multi-energy systems under uncertainty covered in the latter part of the work. - Reviews advanced modeling approaches relevant to the integration of electricity, heat and gas systems in operation studies - Covers stochastic and robust optimal operation of integrated multi-energy systems - Evaluates MPC based, real-time dispatch of integrated multi-energy systems - Considers uncertainty modeling for stochastic and robust optimization - Assesses optimal operation and real-time dispatch for multi-energy building complexes

Advanced Technologies for Planning and Operation of Prosumer Energy Systems, volume III

Download Advanced Technologies for Planning and Operation of Prosumer Energy Systems, volume III PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2832552463
Total Pages : 385 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (325 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Advanced Technologies for Planning and Operation of Prosumer Energy Systems, volume III by : Bin Zhou

Download or read book Advanced Technologies for Planning and Operation of Prosumer Energy Systems, volume III written by Bin Zhou and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-07-30 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prosumers, such as energy storage, smart home, and microgrids, are the consumers who also produce and share surplus energy with other users. With capabilities of flexibly managing the generation, storage and consumption of energy in a simultaneous manner, prosumers can help improve the operation efficiency of smart grid. Due to the rapid expansion of prosumer clusters, the planning and operation issues of prosumer energy systems have been increasingly raised. Aspects including energy infrastructure design, energy management, system stability, etc., are urgently required to be addressed while taking full advantage of prosumers' capabilities. However, up to date, the research on prosumers has not drawn sufficient attention. This proposal presents the need to introduce a Research Topic on prosumer energy systems in Frontiers in Energy Research. We believe this Research Topic can promote the research on advanced planning and operation technologies of prosumer energy systems and contribute to the carbon neutrality for a sustainable society.

Subspace Identification for Linear Systems

Download Subspace Identification for Linear Systems PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461304652
Total Pages : 263 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (613 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Subspace Identification for Linear Systems by : Peter van Overschee

Download or read book Subspace Identification for Linear Systems written by Peter van Overschee and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Subspace Identification for Linear Systems focuses on the theory, implementation and applications of subspace identification algorithms for linear time-invariant finite- dimensional dynamical systems. These algorithms allow for a fast, straightforward and accurate determination of linear multivariable models from measured input-output data. The theory of subspace identification algorithms is presented in detail. Several chapters are devoted to deterministic, stochastic and combined deterministic-stochastic subspace identification algorithms. For each case, the geometric properties are stated in a main 'subspace' Theorem. Relations to existing algorithms and literature are explored, as are the interconnections between different subspace algorithms. The subspace identification theory is linked to the theory of frequency weighted model reduction, which leads to new interpretations and insights. The implementation of subspace identification algorithms is discussed in terms of the robust and computationally efficient RQ and singular value decompositions, which are well-established algorithms from numerical linear algebra. The algorithms are implemented in combination with a whole set of classical identification algorithms, processing and validation tools in Xmath's ISID, a commercially available graphical user interface toolbox. The basic subspace algorithms in the book are also implemented in a set of Matlab files accompanying the book. An application of ISID to an industrial glass tube manufacturing process is presented in detail, illustrating the power and user-friendliness of the subspace identification algorithms and of their implementation in ISID. The identified model allows for an optimal control of the process, leading to a significant enhancement of the production quality. The applicability of subspace identification algorithms in industry is further illustrated with the application of the Matlab files to ten practical problems. Since all necessary data and Matlab files are included, the reader can easily step through these applications, and thus get more insight in the algorithms. Subspace Identification for Linear Systems is an important reference for all researchers in system theory, control theory, signal processing, automization, mechatronics, chemical, electrical, mechanical and aeronautical engineering.

Handbook of Clean Energy Systems, 6 Volume Set

Download Handbook of Clean Energy Systems, 6 Volume Set PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118388585
Total Pages : 4038 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (183 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Handbook of Clean Energy Systems, 6 Volume Set by : Jinyue Yan

Download or read book Handbook of Clean Energy Systems, 6 Volume Set written by Jinyue Yan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-06-22 with total page 4038 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Handbook of Clean Energy Systems brings together an international team of experts to present a comprehensive overview of the latest research, developments and practical applications throughout all areas of clean energy systems. Consolidating information which is currently scattered across a wide variety of literature sources, the handbook covers a broad range of topics in this interdisciplinary research field including both fossil and renewable energy systems. The development of intelligent energy systems for efficient energy processes and mitigation technologies for the reduction of environmental pollutants is explored in depth, and environmental, social and economic impacts are also addressed. Topics covered include: Volume 1 - Renewable Energy: Biomass resources and biofuel production; Bioenergy Utilization; Solar Energy; Wind Energy; Geothermal Energy; Tidal Energy. Volume 2 - Clean Energy Conversion Technologies: Steam/Vapor Power Generation; Gas Turbines Power Generation; Reciprocating Engines; Fuel Cells; Cogeneration and Polygeneration. Volume 3 - Mitigation Technologies: Carbon Capture; Negative Emissions System; Carbon Transportation; Carbon Storage; Emission Mitigation Technologies; Efficiency Improvements and Waste Management; Waste to Energy. Volume 4 - Intelligent Energy Systems: Future Electricity Markets; Diagnostic and Control of Energy Systems; New Electric Transmission Systems; Smart Grid and Modern Electrical Systems; Energy Efficiency of Municipal Energy Systems; Energy Efficiency of Industrial Energy Systems; Consumer Behaviors; Load Control and Management; Electric Car and Hybrid Car; Energy Efficiency Improvement. Volume 5 - Energy Storage: Thermal Energy Storage; Chemical Storage; Mechanical Storage; Electrochemical Storage; Integrated Storage Systems. Volume 6 - Sustainability of Energy Systems: Sustainability Indicators, Evaluation Criteria, and Reporting; Regulation and Policy; Finance and Investment; Emission Trading; Modeling and Analysis of Energy Systems; Energy vs. Development; Low Carbon Economy; Energy Efficiencies and Emission Reduction. Key features: Comprising over 3,500 pages in 6 volumes, HCES presents a comprehensive overview of the latest research, developments and practical applications throughout all areas of clean energy systems, consolidating a wealth of information which is currently scattered across a wide variety of literature sources. In addition to renewable energy systems, HCES also covers processes for the efficient and clean conversion of traditional fuels such as coal, oil and gas, energy storage systems, mitigation technologies for the reduction of environmental pollutants, and the development of intelligent energy systems. Environmental, social and economic impacts of energy systems are also addressed in depth. Published in full colour throughout. Fully indexed with cross referencing within and between all six volumes. Edited by leading researchers from academia and industry who are internationally renowned and active in their respective fields. Published in print and online. The online version is a single publication (i.e. no updates), available for one-time purchase or through annual subscription.

Operation, Planning, and Analysis of Energy Storage Systems in Smart Energy Hubs

Download Operation, Planning, and Analysis of Energy Storage Systems in Smart Energy Hubs PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319750976
Total Pages : 452 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (197 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Operation, Planning, and Analysis of Energy Storage Systems in Smart Energy Hubs by : Behnam Mohammadi-Ivatloo

Download or read book Operation, Planning, and Analysis of Energy Storage Systems in Smart Energy Hubs written by Behnam Mohammadi-Ivatloo and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-04-04 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses the design and scheduling of residential, industrial, and commercial energy hubs, and their integration into energy storage technologies and renewable energy sources. Each chapter provides theoretical background and application examples for specific power systems including, solar, wind, geothermal, air and hydro. Case-studies are included to provide engineers, researchers, and students with the most modern technical and intelligent approaches to solving power and energy integration problems with special attention given to the environmental and economic aspects of energy storage systems.

Optimisation Models and Methods in Energy Systems

Download Optimisation Models and Methods in Energy Systems PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : MDPI
ISBN 13 : 3039211188
Total Pages : 194 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (392 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Optimisation Models and Methods in Energy Systems by : Carlos Henggeler Antunes

Download or read book Optimisation Models and Methods in Energy Systems written by Carlos Henggeler Antunes and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-08-06 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue Optimisation Models and Methods in Energy Systems that was published in Energies

Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment for Decision-Making

Download Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment for Decision-Making PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 012818356X
Total Pages : 364 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment for Decision-Making by : Jingzheng Ren

Download or read book Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment for Decision-Making written by Jingzheng Ren and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2019-11-19 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment for Decision-Making: Methodologies and Case Studies gives readers a comprehensive introduction to life cycle sustainability assessment (LCSA) methodology for sustainability measurement of industrial systems, proposing an efficiency methodology for stakeholders and decision-makers. Featuring the latest methods and case studies, the book will assist researchers in environmental sciences and energy to develop the best methods for LCA, as well as aiding those practitioners who are responsible for making decisions for promoting sustainable development. The past, current status and future of LCSA, Life Cycle Assessment method (LCA), Life Cycle Costing (LCC), Social Life Cycle Assessment (SLCA), the methodology of LCSA, typical LCSA case studies, limitations of LCSA, and life cycle aggregated sustainability index methods are all covered in this multidisciplinary book. - Includes models for assessing sustainability in environmental, energy engineering and economic scenarios - Features case studies that help define the advantages and obstacles of real world applications - Presents a complete view, from theory to practice, of a life cycle approach by exploring the methods and tools of sustainability assessment, analysis and design of sustainability assessment

Interconnected Modern Multi-Energy Networks and Intelligent Transportation Systems

Download Interconnected Modern Multi-Energy Networks and Intelligent Transportation Systems PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1394188757
Total Pages : 484 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (941 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Interconnected Modern Multi-Energy Networks and Intelligent Transportation Systems by : Mohammadreza Daneshvar

Download or read book Interconnected Modern Multi-Energy Networks and Intelligent Transportation Systems written by Mohammadreza Daneshvar and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2024-02-28 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A timely introduction to the revolutionary technologies reshaping the global energy market The search for more efficient and sustainable ways to meet society’s energy requirements has driven recent technological innovation on an unprecedented scale. The energy needs of a growing population coupled with concerns about climate change have posed unique challenges that necessitate novel energy technologies . The transition of modern energy grids towards multi-energy networks, or MENs, promises to be a fundamental transformation in the way we energize our world. Interconnected Modern Multi-Energy Networks and Intelligent Transportation Systems presents an overview of the foundational methodologies and technologies underlying MENs and the groundbreaking vehicle systems that bring them together. With the inclusion of transformative technologies from radically different sectors, the content covered in this book will be of high value for researchers interested in future energy systems. Readers will also find: In-depth examination of the process of switching from conventional transportation systems to modern intelligent transportation ones Detailed discussions of topics including self-driving vehicles, hybrid energy technologies, grid-edge, and more The introduction of a holistic, reconfigurable system adaptable to vastly different conditions and forms of network interaction Interconnected Modern Multi-Energy Networks and Intelligent Transportation Systems is useful for researchers in electrical, mechanical, civil, architectural, or environmental engineering, as well as for telecommunications researchers and for any industry professionals with an interest in energy transportation.

Methanol: The Basic Chemical and Energy Feedstock of the Future

Download Methanol: The Basic Chemical and Energy Feedstock of the Future PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642397093
Total Pages : 699 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (423 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Methanol: The Basic Chemical and Energy Feedstock of the Future by : Martin Bertau

Download or read book Methanol: The Basic Chemical and Energy Feedstock of the Future written by Martin Bertau and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-02-18 with total page 699 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Methanol - The Chemical and Energy Feedstock of the Future offers a visionary yet unbiased view of methanol technology. Based on the groundbreaking 1986 publication "Methanol" by Friedrich Asinger, this book includes contributions by more than 40 experts from industry and academia. The authors and editors provide a comprehensive exposition of methanol chemistry and technology which is useful for a wide variety of scientists working in chemistry and energy related industries as well as academic researchers and even decision-makers and organisations concerned with the future of chemical and energy feedstocks.

Active Building Energy Systems

Download Active Building Energy Systems PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030797422
Total Pages : 394 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (37 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Active Building Energy Systems by : Vahid Vahidinasab

Download or read book Active Building Energy Systems written by Vahid Vahidinasab and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-06 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive study on state-of-the-art developments in the control, operation, and market participation of active buildings (ABs). Active buildings can support the broader energy system by intelligent integration of renewable-based energy technologies for heating, cooling, electricity, and transport. This important reference analyzes the key features of modern control and operation techniques applied to these systems. Contributions from an international team of experts present practical methods with evidence and case studies from applications to real-world or simulated active buildings. Sample computer codes and analytical examples aid in the understanding of the presented methods. The book will support researchers working on the control and operation of buildings as an energy system, smart cities and smart grids, and microgrids, as well as researchers and developers from the building and energy engineering, economic, and operation research fields. Provides an in-depth review of building-level energy systems technologies; Covers codes, standards, and requirements for active building control systems; Includes sample computer code and analytical examples.

Trading in Local Energy Markets and Energy Communities

Download Trading in Local Energy Markets and Energy Communities PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031214021
Total Pages : 264 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (312 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Trading in Local Energy Markets and Energy Communities by : Miadreza Shafie-khah

Download or read book Trading in Local Energy Markets and Energy Communities written by Miadreza Shafie-khah and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-02-13 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents trading in local energy markets and communities. It covers electrical, business, economics, telecommunication, information technology (IT), environment, building, industrial, and computer science and examines the intersections of these areas with these markets and communities. Additionally, it delivers an vision for local trading and communities in smart cities. Since it also lays out concepts, structures, and technologies in a variety of applications intertwined with future smart cities, readers running businesses of all types will find material of use in the book. Manufacturing firms, electric generation, transmission and distribution utilities, hardware and software computer companies, automation and control manufacturing firms, and other industries will be able to use this book to enhance their energy operations, improve their comfort and privacy, as well as to increase the benefit from the energy system. This book is also used as a textbook for graduate level courses.

Future Urban Energy System for Buildings

Download Future Urban Energy System for Buildings PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9819912229
Total Pages : 485 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (199 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Future Urban Energy System for Buildings by : Xingxing Zhang

Download or read book Future Urban Energy System for Buildings written by Xingxing Zhang and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-05-13 with total page 485 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book investigates three main characteristics of future urban energy system for buildings, including flexibility, resilience and optimization. It explores the energy flexibility by considering renewable energy integration with buildings, sector coupling, and energy trading in the local energy market. Energy resilience is addressed from aspects of future climate change, pandemic crisis, and operational uncertainties. Approaches for system design, dynamic pricing and advanced control are discussed for the optimization of urban energy system. Knowledge from this book contributes to the effective means in future urban energy paradigm to closely integrate multiple energy systems (i.e., distribution, mobility, production and storage) with different energy carriers (i.e., heat, electricity) in an optimal manner for energy use. It would facilitate the envision of next-generation urban energy systems, towards sustainability, resilience and prosperity. This book targets at a broad readership with specific experience and knowledge in energy system, transport, built environment and urban planning. As such, it will appeal to researchers, graduate students, engineers, consultants, urban scientists, investors and policymakers, with interests in energy flexibility, building/city resilience and climate neutrality.

Distributed Optimization and Statistical Learning Via the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers

Download Distributed Optimization and Statistical Learning Via the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Now Publishers Inc
ISBN 13 : 160198460X
Total Pages : 138 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (19 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Distributed Optimization and Statistical Learning Via the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers by : Stephen Boyd

Download or read book Distributed Optimization and Statistical Learning Via the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers written by Stephen Boyd and published by Now Publishers Inc. This book was released on 2011 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Surveys the theory and history of the alternating direction method of multipliers, and discusses its applications to a wide variety of statistical and machine learning problems of recent interest, including the lasso, sparse logistic regression, basis pursuit, covariance selection, support vector machines, and many others.

Microgrids

Download Microgrids PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : MDPI
ISBN 13 : 3036506624
Total Pages : 280 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (365 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Microgrids by : Amjad Anvari-Moghaddam

Download or read book Microgrids written by Amjad Anvari-Moghaddam and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-05-21 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microgrids are a growing segment of the energy industry, representing a paradigm shift from centralized structures toward more localized, autonomous, dynamic, and bi-directional energy networks, especially in cities and communities. The ability to isolate from the larger grid makes microgrids resilient, while their capability of forming scalable energy clusters permits the delivery of services that make the grid more sustainable and competitive. Through an optimal design and management process, microgrids could also provide efficient, low-cost, clean energy and help to improve the operation and stability of regional energy systems. This book covers these promising and dynamic areas of research and development and gathers contributions on different aspects of microgrids in an aim to impart higher degrees of sustainability and resilience to energy systems.

Building Electrical Systems and Distribution Networks

Download Building Electrical Systems and Distribution Networks PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1482263548
Total Pages : 606 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (822 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Building Electrical Systems and Distribution Networks by : Radian Belu

Download or read book Building Electrical Systems and Distribution Networks written by Radian Belu and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-02-13 with total page 606 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers all important, new, and conventional aspects of building electrical systems, power distribution, lighting, transformers and rotating electric machines, wiring, and building installations. Solved examples, end-of-chapter questions and problems, case studies, and design considerations are included in each chapter, highlighting the concepts, and diverse and critical features of building and industrial electrical systems, such as electric or thermal load calculations; wiring and wiring devices; conduits and raceways; lighting analysis, calculation, selection, and design; lighting equipment and luminaires; power quality; building monitoring; noise control; building energy envelope; air-conditioning and ventilation; and safety. Two chapters are dedicated to distributed energy generation, building integrated renewable energy systems, microgrids, DC nanogrids, power electronics, energy management, and energy audit methods, topics which are not often included in building energy textbooks. Support materials are included for interested instructors. Readers are encouraged to write their own solutions while solving the problems, and then refer to the solved examples for more complete understanding of the solutions, concepts, and theory.