State Of The Science White Paper A Summary Of Literature On The Chemical Toxicity Of Plastics Pollution To Aquatic Life And Aquatic Dependent Wildlife

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State of the Science White Paper a Summary of Literature on the Chemical Toxicity of Plastics Pollution to Aquatic Life and Aquatic-Dependent Wildlife

Download State of the Science White Paper a Summary of Literature on the Chemical Toxicity of Plastics Pollution to Aquatic Life and Aquatic-Dependent Wildlife PDF Online Free

Author : U.s. Environmental Protection Agency
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN 13 : 9781717132116
Total Pages : 50 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (321 download)

Book Synopsis State of the Science White Paper a Summary of Literature on the Chemical Toxicity of Plastics Pollution to Aquatic Life and Aquatic-Dependent Wildlife by : U.s. Environmental Protection Agency

Download or read book State of the Science White Paper a Summary of Literature on the Chemical Toxicity of Plastics Pollution to Aquatic Life and Aquatic-Dependent Wildlife written by U.s. Environmental Protection Agency and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-04-18 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this report is to synthesize the state of the science on the potential chemical toxicity of ingested plastic and associated chemicals on aquatic organisms and aquatic-dependent wildlife. The focus of this document is primarily on marine systems, with data provided on the Great Lakes and other freshwater systems, where available. Since mass-production of plastics began in the 1940s and 1950s, the amount of plastic debris entering marine and freshwater ecosystems has increased by several orders of magnitude (Cole et al., 2011). However, recently the accumulation and potential impacts of plastic pollution has been recognized as an emerging environmental issue (GESAMP 2015; UNEP 2016). Recent estimates suggest that 4.8 to 12.7 million metric tons of plastic waste entered the global marine environment in 2010 (Jambeck et al., 2015). Plastics, including bags, packing materials, water bottles, and fishing line and their breakdown products are now found throughout marine ecosystems and in the Great Lakes and other freshwater ecosystems, including near urban and remote beaches, in the open ocean, in sediments, within the water column, and in Arctic Sea ice (Derraik, 2002; Law & Thompson 2014; Eerkes-Medrano et al., 2015). Plastic particles are generally the most abundant type of debris encountered in the marine environment with estimates suggesting that plastics comprise between 60% and 80% of total marine debris (Derraik, 2002).

Plastics and Microplastics

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Author : David E. Newton
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 140 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (161 download)

Book Synopsis Plastics and Microplastics by : David E. Newton

Download or read book Plastics and Microplastics written by David E. Newton and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2021-07-19 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plastic plays a vital role in today's world but has become increasingly problematic. Plastics and Microplastics: A Reference Handbook discusses the history and evolution of plastic and its many uses, both in the United States and around the world. Beginning with a history of plastic—from the first scientific discovery of the material to its diversity of forms and uses in the present day—Plastics and Microplastics: A Reference Handbook discusses the history and evolution of plastic and its many uses, both in the United States and around the world. Importantly, it delves into the problems and controversies concerning plastic and microplastics, such as the pollution of oceans, rivers, and streams; its exceptionally long shelf life; its contribution to air pollution; and ingestion of microplastics by marine life. One of the most valuable aspects of the book is its survey of the history of plastics and microplastics conducted in a manner that helps readers to identify key issues to address. Moreover, it discusses both implemented and proposed solutions. A perspectives chapter includes a broad range of voices, allowing crucial, diverse perspectives to round out the author's expertise.

Impact of Plastic Waste on the Marine Biota

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Author : Mohd. Shahnawaz
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811654034
Total Pages : 328 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (116 download)

Book Synopsis Impact of Plastic Waste on the Marine Biota by : Mohd. Shahnawaz

Download or read book Impact of Plastic Waste on the Marine Biota written by Mohd. Shahnawaz and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-02-12 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This contributed volume focuses on the effects of macro, meso, micro, and nanoplastic waste on marine biota. It discusses the threats posed by plastic waste on the flora and fauna in the marine environment. This book will help in understanding different aspects of plastic waste generation, its transportation with different natural and anthropogenic ways, its accumulation at the seacoast, and its impact on marine biota. The book also suggests strategies for saving marine life from threats posed by plastic waste and presents methods to reduce its generation using different strategies. This book is of interest to teachers, researchers, climate change scientists, capacity builders, and policymakers. It also serves as additional reading material for undergraduate and postgraduate students of Ecology, Botany, and Environmental Sciences.

Handbook on Pro-Environmental Behaviour Change

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Author : Birgitta Gatersleben
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1800882130
Total Pages : 467 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (8 download)

Book Synopsis Handbook on Pro-Environmental Behaviour Change by : Birgitta Gatersleben

Download or read book Handbook on Pro-Environmental Behaviour Change written by Birgitta Gatersleben and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2023-10-06 with total page 467 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This timely Handbook provides a state-of-the-art overview of research on changing behaviour to become less environmentally harmful. Exploring how well-designed, contextually appropriate behaviour change interventions can work, it charts a path that challenges traditional assumptions to maximise environmental impact.

Doing Honest Work in College, Third Edition

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Author : Charles Lipson
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 022643088X
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (264 download)

Book Synopsis Doing Honest Work in College, Third Edition by : Charles Lipson

Download or read book Doing Honest Work in College, Third Edition written by Charles Lipson and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2019-01-25 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Doing Honest Work in College stands on three principles: do the work you say you do, give others credit, and present your research fairly. These are straightforward concepts, but the abundance of questionable online sources and temptation of a quick copy-paste can cause confusion as to what’s considered citing and what’s considered cheating. This guide starts out by clearly defining plagiarism and other forms of academic dishonesty and then gives students the tools they need to avoid those pitfalls. This edition addresses the acceptable use of mobile devices on tests, the proper approach to sources such as podcasts or social media posts, and the limitations of citation management software.

Information Modelling and Knowledge Bases XXX

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Author : T. Endrjukaite
Publisher : IOS Press
ISBN 13 : 1614999333
Total Pages : 570 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (149 download)

Book Synopsis Information Modelling and Knowledge Bases XXX by : T. Endrjukaite

Download or read book Information Modelling and Knowledge Bases XXX written by T. Endrjukaite and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2019-01-03 with total page 570 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Information modeling and knowledge bases have become essential subjects in the last three decades, not only in academic communities related to information systems and computer science, but also in the areas of business where information technology is applied. This book presents the proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Information Modelling and Knowledge Bases (EJC2018), held in Riga, Latvia from 4–8 June 2018. The aim of the conference was to bring together experts with a common interest in the understanding and solving of problems on information modelling and knowledge bases, as well as those from different areas of computer science and other disciplines who apply the results of research to practice. The 39 accepted papers collected here cover a variety of topics, including: conceptual modeling; knowledge and information modeling and discovery; linguistic modeling; cross-cultural communication and social computing; multimedia data modeling and systems; and environmental modeling and engineering. The book will be of interest to researchers and practitioners alike, and to anyone wanting a better understanding of current advances in information technology.

Marine Anthropogenic Litter

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Author : Melanie Bergmann
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319165100
Total Pages : 456 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (191 download)

Book Synopsis Marine Anthropogenic Litter by : Melanie Bergmann

Download or read book Marine Anthropogenic Litter written by Melanie Bergmann and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-06-01 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes how man-made litter, primarily plastic, has spread into the remotest parts of the oceans and covers all aspects of this pollution problem from the impacts on wildlife and human health to socio-economic and political issues. Marine litter is a prime threat to marine wildlife, habitats and food webs worldwide. The book illustrates how advanced technologies from deep-sea research, microbiology and mathematic modelling as well as classic beach litter counts by volunteers contributed to the broad awareness of marine litter as a problem of global significance. The authors summarise more than five decades of marine litter research, which receives growing attention after the recent discovery of great oceanic garbage patches and the ubiquity of microscopic plastic particles in marine organisms and habitats. In 16 chapters, authors from all over the world have created a universal view on the diverse field of marine litter pollution, the biological impacts, dedicated research activities, and the various national and international legislative efforts to combat this environmental problem. They recommend future research directions necessary for a comprehensive understanding of this environmental issue and the development of efficient management strategies. This book addresses scientists, and it provides a solid knowledge base for policy makers, NGOs, and the broader public.

Freshwater Microplastics

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Author : Martin Wagner
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319616153
Total Pages : 309 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (196 download)

Book Synopsis Freshwater Microplastics by : Martin Wagner

Download or read book Freshwater Microplastics written by Martin Wagner and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-21 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. This volume focuses on microscopic plastic debris, also referred to as microplastics, which have been detected in aquatic environments around the globe and have accordingly raised serious concerns. The book explores whether microplastics represent emerging contaminants in freshwater systems, an area that remains underrepresented to date. Given the complexity of the issue, the book covers the current state-of-research on microplastics in rivers and lakes, including analytical aspects, environmental concentrations and sources, modelling approaches, interactions with biota, and ecological implications. To provide a broader perspective, the book also discusses lessons learned from nanomaterials and the implications of plastic debris for regulation, politics, economy, and society. In a research field that is rapidly evolving, it offers a solid overview for environmental chemists, engineers, and toxicologists, as well as water managers and policy-makers.

Weathering of Plastics

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Author : George Wypych
Publisher : William Andrew
ISBN 13 : 0815519583
Total Pages : 331 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (155 download)

Book Synopsis Weathering of Plastics by : George Wypych

Download or read book Weathering of Plastics written by George Wypych and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 1999-12-31 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In spite of extensive efforts, material weathering testing still requires improvement. This book presents findings and opinions of experts in material degradation testing. The aim is to improve testing methods and procedures. Materials are presented to show that photochemical degradation rate depends on a combination of environmental factors such as UV radiation, temperature, humidity, rain, stress, and concentration of reactive pollutants. The potential effect of each parameter of degradation on data gathered is discussed based on known results from a long experience in testing. This book contains data obtained in laboratories of the largest manufacturers of UV stabilizers and chemical companies that manufacture durable materials. The book gives details of testing procedures and choice of parameters of exposure which are crucial for obtaining laboratory results correlating with environmental performance of materials.In addition to exposure conditions, the book contains many suggestions on sample preparation and post-exposure testing. The effective use of these methods shortens testing time of materials and determines acceleration rate of testing. The book also gives examples of complete, well-designed weathering experiments which may be used as patterns for selection of parameters and techniques for new studies. The areas of research that still require more attention in future studies are clearly indicated.

Microplastic Contamination in Aquatic Environments

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Author : Eddy Y Zeng
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0443153337
Total Pages : 448 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (431 download)

Book Synopsis Microplastic Contamination in Aquatic Environments by : Eddy Y Zeng

Download or read book Microplastic Contamination in Aquatic Environments written by Eddy Y Zeng and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-11-10 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second edition of Microplastic Contamination in Aquatic Environments: An Emerging Matter of Environmental Urgency presents 14 chapters, through which a team of global, expert contributors cover a full range of microplastic research. The first chapter describes the general patterns for sources, occurrence, and transport of microplastics to lead off the book. The next batch of chapters covers sampling analytical methods for quantifying microplastics in the environment, followed by chapters addressing the association of chemicals with microplastics. A large cluster of chapters focus on the fate and transport of microplastics in wastewater treatment plants, freshwater systems, marine environment, terrestrial settings, and riverine runoff that connects terrestrial and marine systems. The next few chapters examine biotransport and effects of microplastics in organisms. The last two chapters are dedicated to two emerging research areas: nanoplastics in the environment and management strategies for global plastic pollution. Outlooks for future research to better understand the situation and further improvements of microplastic research are also covered. In the 6 years since the previous edition published, this fast-moving area has evolved, and the contents of this revision reflect that. There are numerous brand-new chapters, chapters that have been revised, and chapters that have been completely refocused. This book provides an overview of microplastics research. It is a guide for researchers to better understand the occurrence of microplastics. Ideally, this book provides basic background knowledge of microplastics for oceanographers, ecologists, and climatologists. Provides an overview of the advantages and disadvantages of different methods for sampling, identification, and enumeration of microplastics Contains contributions from world experts with a diverse range of backgrounds, all brought together by a well-known, experienced editor Presents information on microplastics in a unified place, with easy access for the reader

Marine Litter

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Author : L. Jeftic
Publisher : United Nations Environment Programme
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 244 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

Book Synopsis Marine Litter by : L. Jeftic

Download or read book Marine Litter written by L. Jeftic and published by United Nations Environment Programme. This book was released on 2009 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Marine litter is an ecological, economic, health and aesthetic problem. it is a complex and multi-dimensional challenge with significant implications For The marine and coastal environment, and human activities all over the world. The persistence of marine litter is the result of a lack of coordinated global and regional strategies, and deficiencies in the implementation and enforcement of existing programmes, regulations and standards at all levels - international, regional and national. The UNEP Global Initiative on Marine Litter provides a platform For The management of marine litter through the establishment of partnerships, cooperative arrangements and coordination of joint activities. it has succeeded in organizing and implementing regional activities on marine litter around the world. In addition to activities in 12 Regional Seas, UNEP commissioned preparation of several documents on specific topics, including UNEP/IOC Guidelines for monitoring of marine litter; Abandoned and lost fishing gear; and Marine litter and market-based instruments. This report provides an overview of the status of marine litter in UNEP's assisted Regional Seas, and highlights the amounts, main sources, impacts, and economics of marine litter, and discusses legislation, policies, compliance and enforcement mechanisms; institutional frameworks and stakeholder involvement; education and outreach strategies; monitoring programmes and research; mitigation activities among other aspects. it concludes that there is an urgent need to approach the issue of marine litter through better enforcement of laws and regulations, expanded outreach and educational campaigns And The employment of strong economic instruments and incentives. it proposes some general recommendations, based on the materials presented in the document, and specific recommendations for fourteen different issues regarding marine litter.

Microplastic in the Environment: Pattern and Process

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Author : Michael S. Bank
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030786277
Total Pages : 364 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (37 download)

Book Synopsis Microplastic in the Environment: Pattern and Process by : Michael S. Bank

Download or read book Microplastic in the Environment: Pattern and Process written by Michael S. Bank and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-10-09 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book examines global plastic pollution, an issue that has become a critical societal challenge with implications for environmental and public health. This volume provides a comprehensive, holistic analysis on the plastic cycle and its subsequent effects on biota, food security, and human exposure. Importantly, global environmental change and its associated, systems-level processes, including atmospheric deposition, ecosystem complexity, UV exposure, wind patterns, water stratification, ocean circulation, etc., are all important direct and indirect factors governing the fate, transport and biotic and abiotic processing of plastic particles across ecosystem types. Furthermore, the distribution of plastic in the ocean is not independent of terrestrial ecosystem dynamics, since much of the plastic in marine ecosystems originates from land and should therefore be evaluated in the context of the larger plastic cycle. Changes in species size, distribution, habitat, and food web complexity, due to global environmental change, will likely alter trophic transfer dynamics and the ecological effects of nano- and microplastics. The fate and transport dynamics of plastic particles are influenced by their size, form, shape, polymer type, additives, and overall ecosystem conditions. In addition to the risks that plastics pose to the total environment, the potential impacts on human health and exposure routes, including seafood consumption, and air and drinking water need to be assessed in a comprehensive and quantitative manner. Here I present a holistic and interdisciplinary book volume designed to advance the understanding of plastic cycling in the environment with an emphasis on sources, fate and transport, ecotoxicology, climate change effects, food security, microbiology, sustainability, human exposure and public policy.

Micro-and macro-plastics in marine species from Nordic waters

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Author : Inger Lise N. Bråte
Publisher : Nordic Council of Ministers
ISBN 13 : 9289351209
Total Pages : 103 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (893 download)

Book Synopsis Micro-and macro-plastics in marine species from Nordic waters by : Inger Lise N. Bråte

Download or read book Micro-and macro-plastics in marine species from Nordic waters written by Inger Lise N. Bråte and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 2017-09-15 with total page 103 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report summarises the knowledge on plastics in Nordic marine species. Nordic biota interacts with plastic pollution, through entanglement and ingestion. Ingestion has been found in many seabirds and also in stranded mammals. Ingestion of plastics has been documented in 14 fish species, which many of them are of ecology and commercially importance. Microplastics have also been found in blue mussels and preliminary studies found synthetic fibres in marine worms. Comparability between and within studies of plastic ingestion by biota from the Nordic environment and other regions are difficult as there are: few studies and different methods are used. It is important that research is directed towards the knowledge gaps highlighted in this report, to get a better understanding on plastic ingestion and impact on biota from the Nordic marine environment.

Life Cycle Impact Assessment

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Author : Michael Z. Hauschild
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9401797447
Total Pages : 345 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (17 download)

Book Synopsis Life Cycle Impact Assessment by : Michael Z. Hauschild

Download or read book Life Cycle Impact Assessment written by Michael Z. Hauschild and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-03-24 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a detailed presentation of the principles and practice of life cycle impact assessment. As a volume of the LCA compendium, the book is structured according to the LCIA framework developed by the International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO)passing through the phases of definition or selection of impact categories, category indicators and characterisation models (Classification): calculation of category indicator results (Characterisation); calculating the magnitude of category indicator results relative to reference information (Normalisation); and converting indicator results of different impact categories by using numerical factors based on value-choices (Weighting). Chapter one offers a historical overview of the development of life cycle impact assessment and presents the boundary conditions and the general principles and constraints of characterisation modelling in LCA. The second chapter outlines the considerations underlying the selection of impact categories and the classification or assignment of inventory flows into these categories. Chapters three through thirteen exploreall the impact categories that are commonly included in LCIA, discussing the characteristics of each followed by a review of midpoint and endpoint characterisation methods, metrics, uncertainties and new developments, and a discussion of research needs. Chapter-length treatment is accorded to Climate Change; Stratospheric Ozone Depletion; Human Toxicity; Particulate Matter Formation; Photochemical Ozone Formation; Ecotoxicity; Acidification; Eutrophication; Land Use; Water Use; and Abiotic Resource Use. The final two chapters map out the optional LCIA steps of Normalisation and Weighting.

Methods for Measuring the Toxicity and Bioaccumulation of Sediment-associated Contaminants with Freshwater Invertebrates

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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 150 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

Book Synopsis Methods for Measuring the Toxicity and Bioaccumulation of Sediment-associated Contaminants with Freshwater Invertebrates by :

Download or read book Methods for Measuring the Toxicity and Bioaccumulation of Sediment-associated Contaminants with Freshwater Invertebrates written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sediment contamination is a widespread environmental problem that can potentially pose a threat to a variety of aquatic ecosystems. The sediment test methods in this manual will be used by The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) to make decisions under a range of statutory authorities concerning such issues as: dredged material disposal, registration of pesticides and toxic substances, superfound site assessment, and assessment and cleanup of hazardous waste treatment, storage, and disposal facilities. The use of uniform sediment testing procedures by USEPA programs is expected to increase data accuracy and precision, facilitate test replication, increase the comparative value of test results, and ultimately, increase the efficiency of regulatory processes requiring sediment tests.

Soil pollution: a hidden reality

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Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
ISBN 13 : 9251305056
Total Pages : 156 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (513 download)

Book Synopsis Soil pollution: a hidden reality by : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

Download or read book Soil pollution: a hidden reality written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2018-04-30 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This document presents key messages and the state-of-the-art of soil pollution, its implications on food safety and human health. It aims to set the basis for further discussion during the forthcoming Global Symposium on Soil Pollution (GSOP18), to be held at FAO HQ from May 2nd to 4th 2018. The publication has been reviewed by the Intergovernmental Technical Panel on Soil (ITPS) and contributing authors. It addresses scientific evidences on soil pollution and highlights the need to assess the extent of soil pollution globally in order to achieve food safety and sustainable development. This is linked to FAO’s strategic objectives, especially SO1, SO2, SO4 and SO5 because of the crucial role of soils to ensure effective nutrient cycling to produce nutritious and safe food, reduce atmospheric CO2 and N2O concentrations and thus mitigate climate change, develop sustainable soil management practices that enhance agricultural resilience to extreme climate events by reducing soil degradation processes. This document will be a reference material for those interested in learning more about sources and effects of soil pollution.

Water Quality and Fish Health

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Author : Zdeňka Svobodová
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
ISBN 13 : 9789251034378
Total Pages : 80 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (343 download)

Book Synopsis Water Quality and Fish Health by : Zdeňka Svobodová

Download or read book Water Quality and Fish Health written by Zdeňka Svobodová and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 1993 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: