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Stacking Fault And Twinning In Nanocrystalline Metals
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Book Synopsis Stacking Fault and Twinning in Nanocrystalline Metals by :
Download or read book Stacking Fault and Twinning in Nanocrystalline Metals written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanocrystalline Al processed by cryogenic ball-milling and nanocrystalline Cu processed by high-pressure torsion at a very low strain rate and at room temperature were investigated using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. For nanocrystalline Al, we observed partial dislocation emission from grain boundaries, which consequently resulted in deformation stacking faults and twinning. We also observed deformation twins formed via two other mechanisms recently predicted by molecular dynamic simulations. These results are surprising because (1) partial dislocation emission from grain boundaries has not been experimentally observed although it has been predicted by simulations and (2) deformation stacking faults and twinning have not been reported in Al due to its high stacking fault energy. For nanocrystalline Cu, we found that twinning becomes a major deformation mechanism, which contrasts with the literature reports that deformation twinning in coarse-grained Cu occurs only under high strain rate and/or low temperature conditions and that reducing grain sizes suppresses deformation twinning. The investigation of the twinning morphology suggests that twins and stacking faults in nanocrystalline Cu were formed through partial dislocation emissions from grain boundaries. This mechanism differs from the pole mechanism operating in coarse-grained Cu.
Book Synopsis Structural Nanocrystalline Materials by : Carl C. Koch
Download or read book Structural Nanocrystalline Materials written by Carl C. Koch and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2007-05-31 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanocrystalline materials exhibit exceptional mechanical properties, representing an exciting new class of structural materials for technological applications. The advancement of this important field depends on the development of new fabrication methods, and an appreciation of the underlying nano-scale and interface effects. This authored book addresses these essential issues, presenting for the first time a fundamental, coherent and current account at the theoretical and practical level of nanocrystalline and nanocomposite bulk materials and coatings. The subject is approached systematically, covering processing methods, key structural and mechanical properties, and a wealth of applications. This is a valuable resource for graduate students studying nanomaterials science and nanotechnologies, as well as researchers and practitioners in materials science and engineering.
Book Synopsis Complex Concentrated Alloys (CCAs) by : Sundeep Mukherjee
Download or read book Complex Concentrated Alloys (CCAs) written by Sundeep Mukherjee and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-11-04 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a collection of several unique articles on the current state of research on complex concentrated alloys, as well as their compelling future opportunities in wide ranging applications. Complex concentrated alloys consist of multiple principal elements and represent a new paradigm in structural alloy design. They show a range of exceptional properties that are unachievable in conventional alloys, including high strength–ductility combination, resistance to oxidation, corrosion/wear resistance, and excellent high-temperature properties. The research articles, reviews, and perspectives are intended to provide a wholistic view of this multidisciplinary subject of interest to scientists and engineers.
Book Synopsis Quasi-isentropic and Shock Compression of FCC and BCC Metals by : Hussam N. Jarmakani
Download or read book Quasi-isentropic and Shock Compression of FCC and BCC Metals written by Hussam N. Jarmakani and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quasi-isentropic compression experiments (ICE) of monocrystalline copper and nanocrystalline nickel and nickel-tungsten were carried out. The ICE process allows higher pressures to be accessed while minimizing the associated temperature rise. Monocrystalline copper was subjected to pressures between 18 GPa and 52 GPa, and the deformation substructure was studies via transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Current experimental evidence suggests a deformation substructure that transitions from slip to twinning, where twinning occurs at the higher pressures (~52 GPa), and heavily dislocated laths and dislocation cells take place at the intermediate and lower pressures. Evidence of stacking faults at the intermediate pressures was also found. The Preston-Tonks-Wallace constitutive description was used to model both quasi-isentropic and shock compression experiments and predict the pressure at which the slip-twinning transition occurs in both cases. Nanocrystalline nickel and nickel-tungsten, 13 at. % (G S between 10 and 50nm), subjected to pressures between 20 and 70 GPa, were also analyzed. Shock compression of mono and nanocrystalline nickel is simulated over a range of pressures (10-80 GPa) and compared with experimental results. Contributions to the net strain from the various mechanisms of plastic deformation such as partial dislocations, perfect dislocations, and twins are quantified in the nanocrystalline samples. The effect of stress unloading, a phenomenon often neglected in MD simulations, on dislocation behavior is computed. It is shown that a large fraction of the dislocations generated during compression is annihilated upon unloading. The present analysis resolves a disagreement consistently observed between MD computations and experimental results. Analytical models are applied to predict the critical pressures for the cell-to-stacking-fault transition and the onset of twinning as a function of grain-size and stacking-fault energy (through the addition of tungsten). These predictions are successfully compared with experimental results. Polycrystalline vanadium was subjected to shock compression followed by tensile wave release to study spall and fragmentation behavior. These experiments are part of an effort to help predict and minimize damage to diagnostic tools and protective shields of high-powered laser facilities such as the National Ignition Facility, NIF. The shock pulse was generated by a direct laser drive at energy levels ranging between 160 J and 440 J. Glass shields placed at a specific distance behind the Va targets were used to collect and analyze the ejected fragments in order to evaluate and quantify the extent of damage. The effects of target thickness, laser energy, and pulse duration were studied. Calculations show melting at a pressure threshold of ~150 GPa, which corresponds to a laser energy level of ~ 200 J. The recovered specimens and fragments show evidence of melting at the higher energy levels, consistent with the analytical predictions. Spalling occurred by a ductile tearing mechanism that favored grain boundaries. Experimentally obtained fragment sizes were compared with predictions from the Grady-Kipp model, and a good agreement was obtained. The spall strength of vanadium under laser loading conditions was calculated from the spall thickness and found to be in the 9-18 GPa range.
Book Synopsis Recrystallization and Related Annealing Phenomena by : F.J. Humphreys
Download or read book Recrystallization and Related Annealing Phenomena written by F.J. Humphreys and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The annealing of deformed materials is of both technological importance and scientific interest. The phenomena have been most widely studied in metals, although they occur in all crystalline materials such as the natural deformation of rocks and the processing of technical ceramics. Research is mainly driven by the requirements of industry, and where appropriate, the book discusses the extent to which we are able to formulate quantitative, physically-based models which can be applied to metal-forming processes. The subjects treated in this book are all active research areas, and form a major part of at least four regular international conference series. However, there have only been two monographs published in recent times on the subject of recrystallization, the latest nearly 20 years ago. Since that time, considerable advances have been made, both in our understanding of the subject and in the techniques available to the researcher. The book covers recovery, recrystallization and grain growth in depth including specific chapters on ordered materials, two-phase alloys, annealing textures and annealing during and after hot working. Also contained are treatments of the deformed state and the structure and mobility of grain boundaries, technologically important examples and a chapter on computer simulation and modelling. The book provides a scientific treatment of the subject for researchers or students in Materials Science, Metallurgy and related disciplines, who require a more detailed coverage than is found in textbooks on physical metallurgy, and a more coherent treatment than will be found in the many conference proceedings and review articles.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Materials Structures, Properties, Processing and Performance by : Lawrence E. Murr
Download or read book Handbook of Materials Structures, Properties, Processing and Performance written by Lawrence E. Murr and published by Springer. This book was released on 2021-01-14 with total page 1500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This extensive knowledge base provides a coherent description of advanced topics in materials science and engineering with an interdisciplinary/multidisciplinary approach. The book incorporates a historical account of critical developments and the evolution of materials fundamentals, providing an important perspective for materials innovations, including advances in processing, selection, characterization, and service life prediction. It includes the perspectives of materials chemistry, materials physics, engineering design, and biological materials as these relate to crystals, crystal defects, and natural and biological materials hierarchies, from the atomic and molecular to the macroscopic, and emphasizing natural and man-made composites. This expansive presentation of topics explores interrelationships among properties, processing, and synthesis (historic and contemporary). The book serves as both an authoritative reference and roadmap of advanced materials concepts for practitioners, graduate-level students, and faculty coming from a range of disciplines.
Book Synopsis Mechanical Properties of Nanomaterials by : Joshua Pelleg
Download or read book Mechanical Properties of Nanomaterials written by Joshua Pelleg and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-06-21 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights the mechanical properties of nanomaterials produced by several techniques for various applications. The dislocations observed in specimens obtained in nanomaterials are discussed on the chapter about deformation process. Partial dislocations and grain boundary sliding deformation phenomena in nanomaterial specimens are also deeply discussed. Tests for tension, compression, and hardness are described. The behavior of nanomaterials is compared to macrosize specimens, and the results obtained for different fabrication methods are also compared. The special characteristics of nanomaterials are summarized at the end of the book.
Book Synopsis Atomistic Simulation Studies of Grain-Boundary Segregation and Strengthening Mechanisms in Nanocrystalline Nanotwinned Silver-Copper Alloys by : Xing Ke
Download or read book Atomistic Simulation Studies of Grain-Boundary Segregation and Strengthening Mechanisms in Nanocrystalline Nanotwinned Silver-Copper Alloys written by Xing Ke and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Silver (Ag) is a precious metal with a low stacking fault energy that is known to form copious nanoscale coherent twin boundaries during magnetron sputtering synthesis. Nanotwinned Ag metals are potentially attractive for creating new interface-dominated nanomaterials with unprecedented mechanical and physical properties. Grain-boundary segregation of solute elements has been found to increase the stability of interfaces and hardness of nanocrystalline metals. However, heavily alloying inevitably complicates the underlying deformation mechanisms due to the hardening effects of solutes, or a change of stacking fault energies in Ag caused by alloying. For the above reasons, we developed a microalloying (or doping) strategy by carefully selecting Cu as the primary impurity--a solute that is predicted to have no solid-solution strengthening effect in Ag when its content is below 3.0 wt.%. Neither will Cu affect the stacking fault energy of Ag at a concentration
Book Synopsis Mechanical Properties of Nanocrystalline Materials by : James C. M. Li
Download or read book Mechanical Properties of Nanocrystalline Materials written by James C. M. Li and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2011-09-02 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book concentrates on both understanding and development of nanocrystalline materials. The original relation that connects grain size and strength, known as the Hall-Petch relation, is studied in the nanometer grain size region. The breakdown of such a relation is a challenge. Why and how to overcome it? Is the dislocation mechanism still opera
Book Synopsis Nanocrystalline Materials by : Sie-Chin Tjong
Download or read book Nanocrystalline Materials written by Sie-Chin Tjong and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2006-06-23 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanocrystalline materials with new functionalities show great promise for use in industrial applications - such as reinforcing fillers in novel polymer composites – and substantial progress has been made in the past decade in their synthesis and processing. However, there are several issues that need to be addressed to develop these materials further. Among these, exploration of novel methods for the large-scale synthesis of low cost self-assembled nanostructures is a challenging research topic. Accordingly, there has emerged a demand to study their synthesis-structure-property relationships in order to understand the fundamental concepts underlying the observed physical and mechanical properties.With contributions from leading experts, this book describes the fundamental theories and concepts that illustrate the complexity of the problem in developing novel nanocrystalline materials. It reviews the most up-to-date progress in the synthesis, microstructural characterization, physical and mechanical behavior, and application of nanomaterials. * Investigates the synthesis, characterisation and properties of a huge variety of nanocrystalline materials, and their applications in industry * Keeps the prominent challenges in nanomaterials fabrication at the forefront while offering the most up-to-date scientific findings
Book Synopsis Crystal Plasticity Finite Element Methods by : Franz Roters
Download or read book Crystal Plasticity Finite Element Methods written by Franz Roters and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-08-04 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by the leading experts in computational materials science, this handy reference concisely reviews the most important aspects of plasticity modeling: constitutive laws, phase transformations, texture methods, continuum approaches and damage mechanisms. As a result, it provides the knowledge needed to avoid failures in critical systems udner mechanical load. With its various application examples to micro- and macrostructure mechanics, this is an invaluable resource for mechanical engineers as well as for researchers wanting to improve on this method and extend its outreach.
Book Synopsis Ductility of Bulk Nanostructured Materials by : Yonghao Zhao
Download or read book Ductility of Bulk Nanostructured Materials written by Yonghao Zhao and published by Trans Tech Publications Ltd. This book was released on 2009-11-19 with total page 734 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume is indexed by Thomson Reuters BCI (WoS). Strength and ductility are two of the most important mechanical properties of structural materials, but this usually involves a trade-off, because of the fundamental inverse proportionality of these two features. Since the 1980s, bulk nanostructured materials have emerged as a new class of material having unusual structures and, as a result, have attracted increasing attention. Unfortunately, most bulk nanostructured materials still do not evade the strength-ductility trade-off dilemma, and usually have very poor ductility. The poor ductility of bulk nanostructured materials has indeed become a seemingly insurmountable obstacle to the widespread technological application of structural bulk nanostructured materials.
Book Synopsis Introduction to Heterostructured Materials by : Yuntian Zhu
Download or read book Introduction to Heterostructured Materials written by Yuntian Zhu and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-06-07 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction to Heterostructured Materials provides updates on the historical perspective of the development of these materials, which is followed by a review of the basic background on mechanical behaviors and properties of metals and alloys. Next, both the definition and the fundamental principles and deformation behavior of heterostructured materials are covered, as well as their processing and properties and various design principles. The book supports graduate students and researchers entering this field, senior scientists who are already working in this field, engineers in the manufacturing industry, and professors who are teaching advanced materials and technologies. Heterostructured materials not only possess superior mechanical and/or physical properties that are not accessible to their conventional homogeneous counterparts, but they are also conducive to large-scale industrial production at low cost. Written in a systematic and easy to read style Discusses the mechanical behaviors of coarse-grained metals and nanostructured metals Focuses on the uniqueness of microstructures, behaviors and their fundamental scientific issues Includes the design and potential applications for various heterostructured materials
Book Synopsis Plastic Deformation in Nanocrystalline Materials by : Mikhail Gutkin
Download or read book Plastic Deformation in Nanocrystalline Materials written by Mikhail Gutkin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-18 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It seems there is no special need to comment on the term 'nanostructure' now, when one often meets the 'nano' words not only in scientific journals but even in newspapers. Moreover, today they are even to be heard in TV and radio programmes. In academic science, where the terms 'nanostructure' and 'nan otechnology' have been extremely popular since the early 1990s, they have been successfully extended to the sphere of economics and business, and now to politics. This is quite natural because nanostructures and nanotechnolo gies will surely serve as a basis for the most advanced and highest technology production in the nearest and probably also the remote future. Hence, the struggle to create and occupy its markets is already under way. In this respect, it is of great interest to review data on the dynamics of U. S. Federal Goverment expenditure for nanotechnology [1,2]. In the fiscal years 1997 and 2002, expenditure was approximately US$116 and US$ 697 million, respectively. In the fiscal year 2004, the President's request for US federal in vestment in nanoscale science, engineering and technology is about US$ 849 million [2]. The indicative budget allocated to the Thematic Priority enti tled 'Nanotechnologies and nanosciences, knowledge-based multifunctional materials and new production processes and devices' for the duration 2002- 2006 of the sixth EU Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development is EUR 1300 million [3].
Book Synopsis Modern Physical Metallurgy by : R. E. Smallman
Download or read book Modern Physical Metallurgy written by R. E. Smallman and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 545 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern Physical Metallurgy, Fourth Edition explains the fundamental principles of physical metallurgy and their application, allowing its readers to understand the many important technological phenomena of the field. The book covers topics such as the molecular properties of metals; the different physical methods of metals and alloys; and the structure of alloys. Also covered are topics such as the deformation of metals and alloys; phase transformations; and related processes such as creep, fatigue, fracture, oxidation, and corrosion. The text is recommended for metallurgists, chemists, and engineers who would like to know more about the principles behind metallurgy and its application in different fields.
Book Synopsis Investigation of Deformation Mechanisms in Nanocrystalline Metals and Alloys by in Situ Synchrotron X-ray Diffraction by : Jochen Andreas Lohmiller
Download or read book Investigation of Deformation Mechanisms in Nanocrystalline Metals and Alloys by in Situ Synchrotron X-ray Diffraction written by Jochen Andreas Lohmiller and published by KIT Scientific Publishing. This book was released on 2014-05-22 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this work, different nanocrystalline metals and alloys were investigated by a synchrotron-based in situ XRD mechanical testing technique in order to investigate the dominant deformation mechanisms. All tested samples show a succession and coexistence of several mechanisms, regardless of grain size, loading condition, or sample geometry. However, the relative shares of the individual mechanisms strongly vary and depend on parameters such as grain size, sample purity, and alloy composition.
Book Synopsis Bulk Nanostructured Materials by : Michael J. Zehetbauer
Download or read book Bulk Nanostructured Materials written by Michael J. Zehetbauer and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-06-10 with total page 736 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The processing and mechanical behaviour of bulk nanostructured materials are one of the most interesting new fields of research on advanced materials systems. Many nanocrystalline materials possess very high strength with still good ductility, and exhibit high values of fatigue resistance and fracture toughness. There has been continuing interest in these nanomaterials for use in structural and biomedical applications, and this has led to a large number of research programs worldwide. This book focuses on the processing techniques, microstructures, mechanical and physical properties, and applications of bulk nanostructured materials, as well as related fundamental issues. Only since recently can such bulk nanostructured materials be produced in large bulk dimensions, which opens the door to their commercial applications.
