Sprache Und Gewalt Uber Die Handlungsmacht Der Sprache Bei Judith Butler

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Sprache und Gewalt. Über die Handlungsmacht der Sprache bei Judith Butler

Author : Reinhold Wipper
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
ISBN 13 : 3668086575
Total Pages : 26 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (68 download)

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Book Synopsis Sprache und Gewalt. Über die Handlungsmacht der Sprache bei Judith Butler by : Reinhold Wipper

Download or read book Sprache und Gewalt. Über die Handlungsmacht der Sprache bei Judith Butler written by Reinhold Wipper and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2015-11-13 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2014 im Fachbereich Philosophie - Philosophie des 20. Jahrhunderts, Note: 2,3, FernUniversität Hagen (Kulturwissenschaft), Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Sprache und Gewalt scheinen auf den ersten Blick Gegensätze zu sein, die fast so etwas wie eine inhaltliche Opposition bilden und sich ausschließen. Die Sprache ist ein immaterielles Phänomen und eine kulturelle Errungenschaft. Gewalt ist physisch und roh. Wenn ein Streit statt mit den Fäusten mit Worten ausgetragen wird, gilt dies gemeinhin als zivilisatorischer Fortschritt. Ganz so einfach ist es allerdings nicht. Dementsprechend ist das gewalttätige und diskriminierende Potenzial von Sprache bereits seit einigen Jahrzehnten in den Blickpunkt von Linguisten, Kulturphilosophen und Soziologen gerückt und in den vergangenen Jahren durch die Diskussion um Political Correctness noch einmal deutlich verstärkt worden. Nahezu jeder von uns hat in seinem täglichen Leben bereits erfahren, wie verletzend Worte wirken können. In den USA hat sich in den 1980er Jahren für rassistische und andere diskriminierende Äußerungen der Begriff der „hate speech“ etabliert. Wie mächtig ist die Wirkweise von Sprache? Wie äußert sie sich? Gibt es Möglichkeiten, sprachlicher Gewalt entgegenzutreten? Das sind Fragen, die in diesem Zusammenhang diskutiert werden. Die amerikanische Kulturphilosophin und Gendertheoretikerin Judith Butler, um die es im Folgenden genauer gehen soll, hat durch ihre Theorie der Politik des Performativen der Diskussion eine neue Dimension verliehen, in der die Wirkmächtigkeit von Sprache als konstitutives Element unserer Wirklichkeitswahrnehmung deutlich wird. Der Mensch braucht die Sprache, um zu sein. Er ist der Sprache sozusagen ausgeliefert, entsprechend wirkmächtig sind die Verletzungen, die Menschen durch Sprache zugefügt werden können. Judith Butler hat die Handlungsmacht der Sprache in ihrem Werk „Hass spricht“ einer genauen Analyse unterzogen und dabei speziell den Zusammenhang von Sprache und Gewalt beleuchtet. Gewalt ist dabei immer auch die Macht, den Anderen sprachlos zu machen. Am Beispiel der von ihr beschriebenen „Politik des Performativen“ sollen im Folgenden die Wirkweisen der sprachlichen Handlungsmacht im gesellschaftlichen Kontext dargestellt werden. Dabei geht es um theoretische Hintergründe, aber auch um Beispiele und Handlungszusammenhänge, bei denen unterschiedliche Formen sprachlicher Gewalt beleuchtet werden. In einem Ausblick soll die Wirkweise der Diskussion im aktuellen gesellschaftlichen Kontext aufgezeigt und diskutiert werden.

Judith Butler und die Gewalt der Sprache. Die sprachphilosophische Position von Butler

Author : Sonja Ruf
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
ISBN 13 : 3346867226
Total Pages : 25 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (468 download)

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Book Synopsis Judith Butler und die Gewalt der Sprache. Die sprachphilosophische Position von Butler by : Sonja Ruf

Download or read book Judith Butler und die Gewalt der Sprache. Die sprachphilosophische Position von Butler written by Sonja Ruf and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2023-05-08 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2021 im Fachbereich Germanistik - Komparatistik, Vergleichende Literaturwissenschaft, Note: 3,0, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main (Institut für Allgemeine und Vergleichende Literaturwissenschaft), Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Die Philosophin Judith Butler vertritt die Ansicht, dass der Sprache selbst eine Form der Gewalt innewohnt. Es stellen sich darauf aufbauend folgende Fragen: Was macht die Gewalt der Sprache nach Judith Butler aus? Ist die Tatsache, dass Worte und Sprache generell verletzen können, dem Fakt geschuldet, dass Sprache in sich selbst eine Gewalt birgt? Warum verletzen Worte überhaupt? In der vorliegenden Arbeit sollen, ausgehend von Judith Butlers sprachphilosophischer Position, übergeordnet diese Fragen betrachtet werden. Sprache und Sprechen sind ein grundlegender Bestandteil sozialer Interaktion. Sprache ist als Komplex zu umfangreich, um nur von einer Forschungsdisziplin untersucht zu werden. Um der Komplexitätsreduktion zu dienen, können verschiedene untergeordnete Formen von Sprache untersucht werden. Eine davon ist die Form der verletzenden Sprache. Verletzende Sprache oder "hate speech" ist in unserem aktuellen gesellschaftlichen Diskurs ein weitverbreitetes Phänomen. Politisch relevant wird die Thematik in den USA oder in Deutschland, in der sogenannten "hate speech"-Debatte. Eine Diskussion, in dessen Mittelpunkt die Frage nach dem Bedarf von staatlicher Regulierung von verletzender Sprache steht. Wenn angenommen wird, dass verletzende Sprache selbst Gewalt enthält, erscheint der Begriff der Gewalt hier ebenfalls zentral. Wenn beschrieben werden soll, was Gewalt eigentlich ist, sind begriffliche Schwierigkeiten unumgänglich. Klar bleibt, dass Gewalt eine Form des sozialen Handelns ist, genauso wie Sprache, die unser gesellschaftliches Zusammenleben prägt und aktiv mitgestaltet. Wortgeschichtlich hängt die Gewalt mit der lateinischen "violentia" zusammen, welche eine angreifende, ausgeübte Gewalt bezeichnet. Bei dieser Art der Gewalt handelt es sich immer um eine asymmetrische, bipolare Interaktionsform zwischen einem Täter und dessen Opfer. Der Aspekt der Gewalt von Sprache wurde bisher in sprachphilosophischen Ansätzen vernachlässigt. Dies geschah aufgrund eines bestimmten Bildes von Sprache. Dieses Bild hatte hauptsächlich den vernunftorientierten Aspekt des Sprechens und den Aspekt der Vermittlung des Wahrheitsgehalts von Aussagen im Blick. Im Gegensatz dazu, geriet der handlungsorientierte Aspekt, also das "An-Tun" durch Sprache, in den Hintergrund. Gewalt wurde als entgegengesetzt von Sprache begriffen.

Regimes of Belonging – Schools – Migrations

Author : Lydia Heidrich
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3658291893
Total Pages : 444 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (582 download)

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Book Synopsis Regimes of Belonging – Schools – Migrations by : Lydia Heidrich

Download or read book Regimes of Belonging – Schools – Migrations written by Lydia Heidrich and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-12-14 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited volume aims to critically discuss in how far the national orientation of schools and teacher education is appropriate in light of increasing migration and transnationality. The contributions offer ideas from teacher education research and school pedagogical practice in different nation-state contexts such as Austria, Canada, Chile, Greece, Israel, Japan, Switzerland, Turkey, the UK, and the USA. They ask which empirical and theoretical approaches are suitable for describing the phenomena of pedagogical-professional dealings with migration-related and transnational demands on schools. In raising this question, they do not reduce the analytical focus on migrants, their migration paths, actions or attitudes. Instead, the authors analyse the global interconnectedness and entanglements – each embedded in their specific national and global societal power structures and hierarchical relationships – and the country-specific and transnational structures and contextual conditions of schools and teacher education.

Judith Butler and Theology

Author : Anna Maria Riedl
Publisher : Brill Schoningh
ISBN 13 : 9783506715081
Total Pages : 166 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis Judith Butler and Theology by : Anna Maria Riedl

Download or read book Judith Butler and Theology written by Anna Maria Riedl and published by Brill Schoningh. This book was released on 2021-05-07 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Judith Butler is regarded as one of the most popular philosophers of the present. Famous for her theory of gender her wide-ranging work explored such themes as language, power, recognition, vulnerability, mourning, and grievability, revolutions, democratic movements, and resistance. This book provides an overview of Butler's rich scholarship and utilizes selected examples to present opportunities for a theological approach to her work. Of particular interest in this regard are the clear parallels between Butler's thought and progressive theologies, such as Liberation Theology or the New Political Theology founded by Johann Baptist Metz. With attention to Butlers Jewish background, this unique interdisciplinary investigation bridges Butler's thought, political philosophy, and Christian theology. Judith Butler and Theology considers how the reflections and insights of this critical intellectual can help set a constructive theology for the challenges of our century.

Transgressive Sex

Author : Hastings Donnan
Publisher : Berghahn Books
ISBN 13 : 0857456377
Total Pages : 291 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (574 download)

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Book Synopsis Transgressive Sex by : Hastings Donnan

Download or read book Transgressive Sex written by Hastings Donnan and published by Berghahn Books. This book was released on 2012-03 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sex is often regarded as a dangerous business that must be rigorously controlled, regulated, and subjected to rules. Sexual acts that defy acceptable practices may be seen as variously defiling, immoral, and even unnatural. They may challenge and subvert both cultural preconceptions and the social order in a politics of sexual transgression that threatens to transform permissible boundaries and restructure bodily engagements. This collection of essays explores acts of sexual transgression that have the power to reconfigure perceptions of bodily intimacy and the social norms of interaction. Considering issues such as domestic violence, child prostitution, health and sex, teenage sex, and sex with animals across a range of settings from contemporary Oceania, the Pacific, South Africa, and southeast Asia to Euro-America, this book should interest all those who question the "naturalness" of sex, including public health workers, clinical practitioners and students of sex, sexuality, and gender in the humanities and social sciences.

The Power of Religion in the Public Sphere

Author : Judith Butler
Publisher : Columbia University Press
ISBN 13 : 023152725X
Total Pages : 149 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (315 download)

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Book Synopsis The Power of Religion in the Public Sphere by : Judith Butler

Download or read book The Power of Religion in the Public Sphere written by Judith Butler and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2011-03-02 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Power of Religion in the Public Sphere represents a rare opportunity to experience a diverse group of preeminent philosophers confronting one pervasive contemporary concern: what role does or should religion play in our public lives? Reflecting on her recent work concerning state violence in Israel-Palestine, Judith Butler explores the potential of religious perspectives for renewing cultural and political criticism, while Jürgen Habermas, best known for his seminal conception of the public sphere, thinks through the ambiguous legacy of the concept of "the political" in contemporary theory. Charles Taylor argues for a radical redefinition of secularism, and Cornel West defends civil disobedience and emancipatory theology. Eduardo Mendieta and Jonathan VanAntwerpen detail the immense contribution of these philosophers to contemporary social and political theory, and an afterword by Craig Calhoun places these attempts to reconceive the significance of both religion and the secular in the context of contemporary national and international politics.

Religious Individualisation

Author : Martin Fuchs
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN 13 : 3110580934
Total Pages : 1058 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis Religious Individualisation by : Martin Fuchs

Download or read book Religious Individualisation written by Martin Fuchs and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2019-12-16 with total page 1058 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume brings together key findings of the long-term research project ‘Religious Individualisation in Historical Perspective’ (Max Weber Centre for Advanced Cultural and Social Studies, Erfurt University). Combining a wide range of disciplinary approaches, methods and theories, the volume assembles over 50 contributions that explore and compare processes of religious individualisation in different religious environments and historical periods, in particular in Asia, the Mediterranean, and Europe from antiquity to the recent past. Contrary to standard theories of modernisation, which tend to regard religious individualisation as a specifically modern or early modern as well as an essentially Western or Christian phenomenon, the chapters reveal processes of religious individualisation in a large variety of non-Western and pre-modern scenarios. Furthermore, the volume challenges prevalent views that regard religions primarily as collective phenomena and provides nuanced perspectives on the appropriation of religious agency, the pluralisation of religious options, dynamics of de-traditionalisation and privatisation, the development of elaborated notions of the self, the facilitation of religious deviance, and on the notion of dividuality.

Bodies that Matter

Author : Judith Butler
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 9780415903660
Total Pages : 308 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (36 download)

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Book Synopsis Bodies that Matter by : Judith Butler

Download or read book Bodies that Matter written by Judith Butler and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 1993 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The author of "Gender Trouble" further develops her distinctive theory of gender by examining the workings of power at the most material dimensions of sex and sexuality. Butler examines how the power of heterosexual hegemony forms the matter of bodies, sex, and gender.

Gender, Race, and the Politics of Role Modelling

Author : Wayne Martino
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1136492852
Total Pages : 296 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (364 download)

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Book Synopsis Gender, Race, and the Politics of Role Modelling by : Wayne Martino

Download or read book Gender, Race, and the Politics of Role Modelling written by Wayne Martino and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-03-12 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an illuminating account of teachers’ own reflections on their experiences of teaching in urban schools. It was conceived as a direct response to policy-related and media-generated concerns about male teacher shortage and offers a critique of the call for more male role models in elementary schools to address important issues regarding gender, race and the politics of representation. By including the perspectives of minority teachers and students, and by drawing on feminist, queer and anti-racist frameworks, this book rejects the familiar tendency to resort to role modelling as a basis for explaining or addressing boys’ disaffection with schooling. Indeed, the authors argue, on the basis of their research in urban schools in Canada and Australia, that educational policy concerned with male teacher shortage and the plight of disadvantaged minority boys would benefit from engaging with analytic perspectives and empirical literature that takes readers beyond hegemonic discourses of role modelling. A compelling case is presented for the need to disarticulate discourses about role modelling from a politics of representation that is committed to addressing the reality of the impact of racial and structural inequalities on both minority teachers and students’ participation in the education system. The book also provides insight into the persistence of gender inequality as it relates to the status of elementary school teaching as women’s work.

Postfoundational Phenomenology

Author : James Richard Mensch
Publisher : Penn State Press
ISBN 13 : 9780271041346
Total Pages : 290 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (413 download)

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Book Synopsis Postfoundational Phenomenology by : James Richard Mensch

Download or read book Postfoundational Phenomenology written by James Richard Mensch and published by Penn State Press. This book was released on 2010-11-01 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A study of Edmund Husserl's philosophy as a non-foundational approach to understanding the self as an embodied presence. It demonstrates how Husserl, anticipating the investigations of Merleau-Ponty, explored how the body functions to determine our self-presence, freedom, and sense of time.

Phenomenologies of Violence

Author : Michael Staudigl
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9004259783
Total Pages : 270 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (42 download)

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Book Synopsis Phenomenologies of Violence by : Michael Staudigl

Download or read book Phenomenologies of Violence written by Michael Staudigl and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2013-09-25 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phenomenologies of Violence presents phenomenology as an important method to investigate violence, its various forms, meanings, and consequences for human existence. On one hand, it seeks to view violence as a genuine philosophical problem, i.e., beyond the still prevalent instrumental, cultural and structural explanations. On the other hand, it provides the reader with accounts on the many faces of violence, ranging from physical, psychic, structural and symbolic violence to forms of social as well as organized violence. In this volume it is argued that phenomenology, which has not yet been used in interdisciplinary research on violence, offers basic insights into the constitution of violence, our possibilities of understanding, and our actions to contain it. Contributors include:Michael D. Barber, Debra Bergoffen, Robert Bernasconi, James Dodd, Eddo Evink, Kathryn T. Gines, James Mensch, Stefan Nowotny, Michael Staudigl, Anthony J. Steinbock, and Nicolas de Warren.

African Intimacies

Author : Neville Wallace Hoad
Publisher : U of Minnesota Press
ISBN 13 : 9780816649167
Total Pages : 232 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (491 download)

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Book Synopsis African Intimacies by : Neville Wallace Hoad

Download or read book African Intimacies written by Neville Wallace Hoad and published by U of Minnesota Press. This book was released on 2007 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There have been few book-length engagements with the question of sexuality in Africa, let alone African homosexuality. African Intimacies simultaneously responds to the public debate on the “Africanness” of homosexuality and interrogates the meaningfulness of the terms “sexuality” and “homosexuality” outside Euro-American discourse. Speculating on cultural practices interpreted by missionaries as sodomy and resistance to colonialism, Neville Hoad begins by analyzing the 1886 Bugandan martyrs incident—the execution of thirty men in the royal court. Then, in a series of close readings, he addresses questions of race, sex, and globalization in the 1965 Wole Soyinka novel The Interpreters, examines the emblematic 1998 Lambeth conference of Anglican bishops, considers the imperial legacy in depictions of the HIV/AIDS crisis, and reveals how South African writer Phaswane Mpe’s contemporary novel Welcome to Our Hillbrow problematizes notions of African identity and cosmopolitanism. Hoad’s assessment of the historical valence of homosexuality in Africa shows how the category has served a key role in a larger story, one in which sexuality has been made in line with a vision of white Western truth, limiting an understanding of intimacy that could imagine an African universalism. Neville Hoad is assistant professor of English at the University of Texas, Austin.

Horrorism

Author : Adriana Cavarero
Publisher : Columbia University Press
ISBN 13 : 0231144571
Total Pages : 168 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (311 download)

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Book Synopsis Horrorism by : Adriana Cavarero

Download or read book Horrorism written by Adriana Cavarero and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2009 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Words like 'terrorism' and 'war' are no longer capable of encompassing the scope of cntemporary violence. With this book, Cavarero effectively renders such terms obsolete. She introduces a new word, 'horrorism', to capture the experience of violence.

Meanings of Violence

Author : Jon Abbink
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000323994
Total Pages : 171 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (3 download)

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Book Synopsis Meanings of Violence by : Jon Abbink

Download or read book Meanings of Violence written by Jon Abbink and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-08-20 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are good reasons to look at violence from new perspectives. In its endless manifestations violence is part and parcel of human existence, and is very probably a constituting element of human society. And yet violent action - warfare, penalties, insults, feuding, assault, murder, rape, suicide, sports - remains in all its complexity one of the least understood fields of human social life.The book's contributors identify the symbolic and ritualized aspects of violence, and suggest ways of 'reading' violence as it occurs in the world, whether as violent duelling and age-group violence in Southern Ethiopia, bullfighting in Iberia, cattle rustling in Kenya, guerrilla and militia wars in Colombia, or public executions in China.These case studies suggest that 'violence' is not a simple, universal urge, but is contingent and context-dependent, shaped by social relations of power, force and dominance. To be the victim of violence is a humiliating and frightening experience. But the many ambiguities that occur in the use of violence must be considered, to understand why peace seems only to exist as a contrast to the violation of peace.

Bodily Citations

Author : Ellen T. Armour
Publisher : Columbia University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780231134071
Total Pages : 340 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (34 download)

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Book Synopsis Bodily Citations by : Ellen T. Armour

Download or read book Bodily Citations written by Ellen T. Armour and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2006 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In such works as Gender Trouble and Bodies That Matter Judith Butler broke new ground in understanding the construction and performance of identities. While Butler's writings have been crucial and often controversial in the development of feminist and queer theory, Bodily Citations is the first anthology centered on applying her theories to religion. In this collection scholars in anthropology, biblical studies, theology, ethics, and ritual studies use Butler's work to investigate a variety of topics in biblical, Islamic, Buddhist, and Christian traditions. The authors shed new light on Butler's ideas and highlight their ethical and political import. They also broaden the scope of religious studies as they bring it into conversation with feminist and queer theory. Subjects discussed include the woman's mosque movement in Cairo, the ordination of women in the Catholic Church, the possibility of queer ethics, religious ritual, and biblical constructions of sexuality. Contributors include: Karen Trimble Alliaume, Lewis University; Teresa Hornsby, Drury University; Amy Hollywood, Harvard Divinity School; Christina Hutchins, Pacific School of Religion; Saba Mahmood, University of California, Berkeley; Susanne Mrozik, Mount Holyoke College; Claudia Schippert, University of Central Florida; Rebecca Schneider, Brown University; Ken Stone, Chicago Theological Seminary

Geneses, Genealogies, Genres, and Genius

Author : Jacques Derrida
Publisher : Columbia University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780231139793
Total Pages : 118 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (397 download)

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Book Synopsis Geneses, Genealogies, Genres, and Genius by : Jacques Derrida

Download or read book Geneses, Genealogies, Genres, and Genius written by Jacques Derrida and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2006 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Jacques Derrida argues that the feminist and intellectual Hélène Cixous is the most important writer working within the French idiom today. To prove this, he elucidates the epistemological and historical interconnectedness of four terms: genesis, genealogy, genre, and genius, and how they pertain to or are implicated in Cixous's work. Derrida explores Cixous's genius (a masculine term in French, he is quick to point out) and the inspiration that guides and informs her writing. He marvels at her skillful working within multiple genres. He focuses on a number of her works, including her extraordinary novel Manhattan and her lyrical and evocative Dream I Tell You, a book addressed to Derrida himself and one in which Cixous presents a series of her dreams. Derrida also delves into the nature of the literary archive, the production of literature, and the importance of the poetic and sexual difference to the entirety of his own work. For forty years, Derrida had a close personal and intellectual relationship with Hélène Cixous. Clever, playful, and eloquent, Geneses, Genealogies, Genres, and Genius charts the influence these two critical giants had on each other and is the most vital work to address Cixous's contribution to French thought.

Random Violence

Author : Joel Best
Publisher : Univ of California Press
ISBN 13 : 9780520921672
Total Pages : 268 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (216 download)

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Book Synopsis Random Violence by : Joel Best

Download or read book Random Violence written by Joel Best and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 1999-03-02 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Random Violence is a deft and thought-provoking exploration of the ways we talk about—and why we worry about—new crimes and new forms of victimization. Focusing on so-called random crimes such as freeway shootings, gang violence, hate crimes, stalking, and wilding, Joel Best shows how new crime problems emerge and how some quickly fade from public attention while others spread and become enduring subjects of concern. Best's original and incisive argument illuminates the fact that while these crimes are in actuality neither new, nor epidemic, nor random, the language used to describe them nonetheless shapes both private fears and public policies. Best scrutinizes the melodramatic quality of the American public's attitudes toward crime, exposing the cultural context for the popularity of "random violence" as a catch-all phrase to describe contemporary crime, and the fallacious belief that violence is steadily rising. He points out that the age, race, and sex of homicide victims reveal that violence is highly patterned. Best also details the contemporary ideology of victimization, as well as the social arrangements that create and support a victim industry that can label large numbers of victims. He demonstrates why it has become commonplace to "declare war" on social problems, including drugs, crime, poverty, and cancer, and outlines the complementary influence of media, activists, officials, and experts in institutionalizing crime problems. Intrinsic to all these concerns is the way in which policy choices and outcomes are affected by the language used to describe social problems.