Spinoza Metaphysics And The Possibility Of Salvation

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Spinoza, Metaphysics, and the Possibility of Salvation

Author : Olli Koistinen
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1040100392
Total Pages : 230 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (41 download)

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Book Synopsis Spinoza, Metaphysics, and the Possibility of Salvation by : Olli Koistinen

Download or read book Spinoza, Metaphysics, and the Possibility of Salvation written by Olli Koistinen and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2024-07-22 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a novel interpretation of Spinoza’s basic metaphysics of God, body, and mind. It considers the fundamental question of how finite things, especially human minds, are in God. Moreover, because for Spinoza God is identical with the universe, the question becomes how finite things are in the universe. This book shows that for Spinoza finite things are closer to God than what is thought in most contemporary Spinoza studies. It claims that the essences of finite things are degrees or, in a very specific sense of the term “part,” parts of the infinite essence of God. This book also shows how Spinoza’s basic metaphysics attempts to give us the possibility to unite with God so that we can share some of God’s perspective with the world. This new knowledge, Spinoza claims, provides the mind with eternity and a kind of individual salvation that is deeply meaningful. This book is not only a study of Spinoza’s basic concepts, but it also takes seriously what kind of epistemic attitude is required for experiencing the world truly. It is difficult to see and experience oneself in Spinoza’s monistic system where God is the only existing substance. This book offers a novel and engaging interpretation of the Ethics that takes seriously the ontological experience of Spinoza’s philosophy. Spinoza, Metaphysics, and the Possibility of Salvation is an essential resource for scholars and graduate students working on Spinoza, early modern philosophy, and metaphysics.

Salvation from Despair

Author : E.E. Harris
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401024952
Total Pages : 282 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis Salvation from Despair by : E.E. Harris

Download or read book Salvation from Despair written by E.E. Harris and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: My purpose in this book is to re-interpret the philosophy of Spinoza to a new generation. I make no attempt to compete with the historical scholar ship of A. H. Wolfson in tracing back Spinoza's ideas to his Ancient, Hebrew and Mediaeval forerunners, or the meticulous philosophical scrutiny of Harold Joachim, which I could wish to emulate but cannot hope to rival. I have simply relied upon the text of Spinoza's own writings in an effort to grasp and to make intelligible to others the precise meaning of his doctrine, and to decide whether, in spite of numerous apparent and serious internal conflicts, it can be understood as a consistent whole. In so doing I have found it necessary to correct what seem to me t0' be mis conceptions frequently entertained by commentators. Whether or not I am right in my re-interpretation, it will, I hope, contribute something fresh, if not to the knowledge of Spinoza, at least to the discussion of what he really meant to say. The limits within which I am constrained to write prevent me from drawing fully upon the great mass of scholarly writings on Spinoza, his life and times, his works and his philosophical ideas. I can only try to make amends for omissions by listing the most important works in the Spinoza bibliography, for reference by those who would seek to know more about his philosophy. This list I have added as an appendix.

Think Least of Death

Author : Steven Nadler
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691233950
Total Pages : 248 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (912 download)

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Book Synopsis Think Least of Death by : Steven Nadler

Download or read book Think Least of Death written by Steven Nadler and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2022-05-10 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The seventeenth-century Dutch-Jewish philosopher Baruch Spinoza has long been known - and vilified - for his heretical view of God and for the radical determinism he sees governing the cosmos and human freedom. Only recently, however, has he begun to be considered seriously as a moral philosopher. In his philosophical masterpiece, the Ethics, after establishing some metaphysical and epistemological foundations, he turns to the "big questions" that so often move one to reflect on, and even change, the values that inform their life: What is truly good? What is happiness? What is the relationship between being a good or virtuous person and enjoying happiness and human flourishing? The guiding thread of the book, and the source of its title, is a claim that comes late in the Ethics: "The free person thinks least of all of death, and his wisdom is a meditation not on death but on life." The life of the free person, according to Spinoza, is one of joy, not sadness. He does what is "most important" in life and is not troubled by such harmful passions as hate, greed and envy. He treats others with benevolence, justice and charity. And, with his attention focused on the rewards of goodness, he enjoys the pleasures of this world, but in moderation. Nadler makes clear that these ethical precepts are not unrelated to Spinoza's metaphysical views. Rather, as Nadler shows, Spinoza's views on how to live are intimately connected to and require an understanding of his conception of human nature and its place in the cosmos, his account of values, and his conception of human happiness and flourishing. Written in an engaging style this book makes Spinoza's often forbiddingly technical philosophy accessible to contemporary readers interested in knowing more about Spinoza's views on morality, and who may even be looking to this famous "atheist", who so scandalized his early modern contemporaries, as a guide to the right way of living today"--

Creation Emanation and Salvation

Author : NA Hallett
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9401749418
Total Pages : 242 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Creation Emanation and Salvation by : NA Hallett

Download or read book Creation Emanation and Salvation written by NA Hallett and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-10-14 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present work is intended once again to draw the attention of readers to the resources opened up by Spinoza for the elucidation of the classical problems of philosophy. Today these problems are too often taken to be merely verbal, so that answers to them so far as these are metaphysical are confidently claimed to be "nonsense." My labours will, therefore, seem to minds thus committed to have been untimely and funda mentally futile. Untimely they may have been, but unless also fu tile their untimeliness may render them the more exigent; and to judge them as futile is to claim a certainty not avaIlable to the honest sceptic. Vigorous attempts to discredit metaphysical investigation are no new thing, though the latest is, perhaps, the most thoroughgoing, and cer tainly the most self-confident. Yet it may well be argued that effective criticism of metaphysics is either itself a sort of metaphysics, or has for its foundation presuppositions that could only be metaphysically es tablished. "Naturam expellas furca, tamen usque recu"et." Metaphysics survives, and can only survive as a true philosophia perennis, as the catalyst of scepsis and schism - neither as inexorable dogma "once for all de livered," nor as "a plant that cometh of the lust of the earth, without a formal seed.

Creation Emanation and Salvation

Author : H.F. Hallet
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9789024700615
Total Pages : 234 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (6 download)

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Book Synopsis Creation Emanation and Salvation by : H.F. Hallet

Download or read book Creation Emanation and Salvation written by H.F. Hallet and published by Springer. This book was released on 1981-01-31 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present work is intended once again to draw the attention of readers to the resources opened up by Spinoza for the elucidation of the classical problems of philosophy. Today these problems are too often taken to be merely verbal, so that answers to them so far as these are metaphysical are confidently claimed to be "nonsense. " My labours will, therefore, seem to minds thus committed to have been untimely and funda mentally futile. Untimely they may have been, but unless also fu tile their untimeliness may render them the more exigent; and to judge them as futile is to claim a certainty not avaIlable to the honest sceptic. Vigorous attempts to discredit metaphysical investigation are no new thing, though the latest is, perhaps, the most thoroughgoing, and cer tainly the most self-confident. Yet it may well be argued that effective criticism of metaphysics is either itself a sort of metaphysics, or has for its foundation presuppositions that could only be metaphysically es tablished. "Naturam expellas furca, tamen usque recurret. " Metaphysics survives, and can only survive as a true philosophia perennis, as the catalyst of scepsis and schism - neither as inexorabie dogma "once for all de livered," nor as "a plant that cometh of the lust of the earth, without a formal seed.

Spinoza and Religion

Author : Elmer Ellsworth Powell
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 398 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Spinoza and Religion by : Elmer Ellsworth Powell

Download or read book Spinoza and Religion written by Elmer Ellsworth Powell and published by . This book was released on 1906 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Spinoza's Radical Theology

Author : Charlie Huenemann
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317547020
Total Pages : 171 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (175 download)

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Book Synopsis Spinoza's Radical Theology by : Charlie Huenemann

Download or read book Spinoza's Radical Theology written by Charlie Huenemann and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-09-03 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The advent of modern science brought deep challenges to traditional religion. Miracles, prophecy, immortal souls, absolute morality - all of these fundamental notions were challenged by the increasingly analytical and skeptical approach of modern scientists. One philosopher, Baruch Spinoza, proposed a new theology, rooted in a close analysis of the Bible, which could fit this new science and provide a sound basis for a social order. "Spinoza's Radical Theology" explains the mechanics and meaning of Spinoza's ideas and how they can inform the questions with which we still struggle today.

Spinoza

Author : Herman de Dijn
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Spinoza by : Herman de Dijn

Download or read book Spinoza written by Herman de Dijn and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The philosophy of Baruch Spinoza (1632-77) is an unusual,highly original, and influential reaction to the transition of Western cultureto the modern age. According to Spinoza, modern scientific thinking, if thoughtthrough, leads to a denial of humanity as the center of creation, willed by apersonal God. It is Spinoza who first formulated a philosophy which shows thatmodern scientific thinking, and the modern metaphysical view of humanity andthe world that it gives rise to, does not have to lead to despair. He understoodthat engaging seriously in detached philosophical thinking could lead to anunexpected form of intellectual salvation. De Dijn's comprehensive introduction to Spinoza's philosophyis based on two key texts. He first provides an in-depth analysis of Spinoza's Treatise on the Improvement of theUnderstanding, which De Dijn characterizes as his introduction tophilosophy. This notoriously difficult text is here made accessible, even inits details. This analysis is followed by a comprehensive survey of Spinoza'smetaphysics as presented in his famous Ethics. De Dijn demonstrates howSpinoza's central philosophical project as introduced in the Treatise - thelinkage of knowledge and salvation - is perfectly realized in the Ethics. In thisway the unity of Spinoza's thought is shown to consist in his preoccupationwith the ethical question of salvation. The book also containsintroductory chapters on Spinoza's life and work, the original Latin text ofthe Treatise and its new English translation by Edwin Curley, and an annotatedbibliography on the secondary literature.

Spinoza: Reason, Religion, Politics

Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 019258748X
Total Pages : 479 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (925 download)

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Book Synopsis Spinoza: Reason, Religion, Politics by :

Download or read book Spinoza: Reason, Religion, Politics written by and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2024-09-05 with total page 479 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At his death, Spinoza left two major works, very different from one another. The first is the Ethics, rigorously set out in geometrical terms, with definitions, axioms, and theorems. In the Ethics, Spinoza takes the reader down the path of reason to an ultimate beatitude, a rational salvation, a kind of peace of mind attained through the true knowledge of God, oneself, and one's place in the world. The other is of a very different sort. The Tractatus theologico-politicus is set out in twenty chapters. It begins with a discussion of prophecy and revelation, followed by a detailed description of Scripture, and what we can learn from it, the message of scripture. And that message is to be obedient to God, and to love our neighbours as ourselves. Two books, two styles of argument, two very different paths to salvation, arguably two Gods and arguably two very different kinds of kinds of salvation at the end. But one author. The challenge is evident: how do these books fit together? One is about reason, the other about revelation, one is about personal salvation, the other more focused on how we live together. Spinoza's writing has always drawn strong reactions, both positive and negative: he was accepted by some as a kind of secular prophet offering us a guide to life, and rejected by others as a kind of atheist and heretic. In this book, a diverse international group of seventeen scholars confronts these two central works in the philosophical canon, and explores what Spinoza is trying to tell us about life, the world, and our place in it.

Spinoza and Religion

Author : Elmer E. Powell
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 378 pages
Book Rating : 4.X/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Spinoza and Religion by : Elmer E. Powell

Download or read book Spinoza and Religion written by Elmer E. Powell and published by . This book was released on 1941 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Augustine and Spinoza

Author : Milad Doueihi
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674050630
Total Pages : 131 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (74 download)

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Book Synopsis Augustine and Spinoza by : Milad Doueihi

Download or read book Augustine and Spinoza written by Milad Doueihi and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2010 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Election and grace are two key concepts that not only have shaped the relations between Judaism and Christianity, but also have formed a cornerstone of the Western philosophical discourse on the evolution and progress of humanity. Though Augustine and Spinoza can be shown to share a methodological approach to these concepts, their conclusions remain radically different. For the Church Father Augustine, grace defines human nature by the potential availability of divine intervention, thus setting the stage for the institutional and political legitimacy of the Church, the Christian state, and its justice. For Spinoza, on the other hand, election represents a unique but local form of divine intervention, marked by geography and historical context. Milad Doueihi maps out the consequences of such an encounter between these two thinkers in terms of their philosophical heritage and its continued relevance for contemporary discussions of religious diversity and autonomy. Augustine asserts a theological foundation for the political, whereas Spinoza radically separates philosophy, and thus authority, from theology in order to solicit a political democracy. In this sharply argued and deeply learned book, Milad Doueihi shows us how interconnections between the two thinkers have come to shape Western philosophy.

Betraying Spinoza

Author : Rebecca Goldstein
Publisher : Schocken
ISBN 13 : 030751417X
Total Pages : 306 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (75 download)

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Book Synopsis Betraying Spinoza by : Rebecca Goldstein

Download or read book Betraying Spinoza written by Rebecca Goldstein and published by Schocken. This book was released on 2009-01-16 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Part of the Jewish Encounter series In 1656, Amsterdam’s Jewish community excommunicated Baruch Spinoza, and, at the age of twenty–three, he became the most famous heretic in Judaism. He was already germinating a secularist challenge to religion that would be as radical as it was original. He went on to produce one of the most ambitious systems in the history of Western philosophy, so ahead of its time that scientists today, from string theorists to neurobiologists, count themselves among Spinoza’s progeny. In Betraying Spinoza, Rebecca Goldstein sets out to rediscover the flesh-and-blood man often hidden beneath the veneer of rigorous rationality, and to crack the mystery of the breach between the philosopher and his Jewish past. Goldstein argues that the trauma of the Inquisition’ s persecution of its forced Jewish converts plays itself out in Spinoza’s philosophy. The excommunicated Spinoza, no less than his excommunicators, was responding to Europe’ s first experiment with racial anti-Semitism. Here is a Spinoza both hauntingly emblematic and deeply human, both heretic and hero—a surprisingly contemporary figure ripe for our own uncertain age. From the Hardcover edition.

Spinoza on Reason, Passions, and the Supreme Good

Author : Andrea Sangiacomo
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0198847904
Total Pages : 257 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (988 download)

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Book Synopsis Spinoza on Reason, Passions, and the Supreme Good by : Andrea Sangiacomo

Download or read book Spinoza on Reason, Passions, and the Supreme Good written by Andrea Sangiacomo and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2020-01-19 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spinoza's thought is at the centre of an ever growing interest. Spinoza's moral philosophy, in particular, points to a radical way of understanding how human beings can become free and enjoy supreme happiness. And yet, there is still much disagreement about how exactly Spinoza's recipe is supposed to work. For long time, Spinoza has been presented as an arch rationalist who would identify in the purely intellectual cultivation of reason the key for ethical progress. Andrea Sangiacomo offers a new understanding of Spinoza's project, by showing how he himself struggled during his career to develop a moral philosophy that could speak to human beings as they actually are (imperfect, passionate, often not very rational). Spinoza's views significantly evolved over time. In his early writings, Spinoza's account of ethical progress towards the Supreme Good relies mostly on the idea that the mind can build on its innate knowledge to resist the power of the passions. Although appropriate social conditions may support the individual's pursuit of the Supreme Good, achieving it does not depend essentially on social factors. In Spinoza's later writings, however, the emphasis shifts towards the mind's need to rely on appropriate forms of social cooperation. Reason becomes the mental expression of the way the human body interacts with external causes on the basis of some degree of agreement in nature with them. The greater the agreement, the greater the power of reason to adequately understand universal features as well as more specific traits of the external causes. In the case of human beings, certain kinds of social cooperation are crucial for the development of reason. This view has crucial ramifications for Spinoza's account of how individuals can progress towards the Supreme Good and how a political science based on Spinoza's principles can contribute to this goal.

On the Metaphysics of Spinoza's Ethics

Author : Olli Koistinen
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789516429772
Total Pages : 180 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (297 download)

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Book Synopsis On the Metaphysics of Spinoza's Ethics by : Olli Koistinen

Download or read book On the Metaphysics of Spinoza's Ethics written by Olli Koistinen and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Spinoza

Author : Aldo Di Giovanni
Publisher : CreateSpace
ISBN 13 : 9781499576191
Total Pages : 68 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (761 download)

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Book Synopsis Spinoza by : Aldo Di Giovanni

Download or read book Spinoza written by Aldo Di Giovanni and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-05-15 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: If any thinker can be described as theo-philosophical, it is Spinoza. Spinoza will not be understood theologically without his philosophy, nor will he be understood philosophically without his theology. Properly understood, Spinoza was the 17th Century's philosopher of the Word of God: the philosopher of Christian Salvation and Holiness. Within the corpus of Spinoza's work there are many references to a significant and important place for Christ in the work of Spinoza, which in turn points to a significant and important place for Christ in Spinoza's life. Many of those references are utilized in this book to make a case that from a spiritual point view, Spinoza's life and works lose their mystery and make clear sense. To date, his work in regards to Christian thought remains exceptionally relevant. Yet he has not been acknowledged as a preeminent Christian thinker. Why? Over many years, the responses to Spinoza's work have been varied, but two counterproductive and disconcerting trends are noteworthy. Some people, with little sense of the reality of God have tried in one way or another, to explain away Spinoza's spirituality and work, in particular his Christian spirituality and work. Others, mostly from established 'theo-political' churches, have largely viewed Spinoza from a materialist view and with materialistic proclivities. From their established church frameworks, the latter have found Spinoza an anathema. Their vitriol is born of their materialism and both a meagre and superficial grasp of what Spinoza calls "Christ after the spirit". For their part, a number of the former, seem to find Spinoza's confessions of spiritual things, especially Christian spiritual existence, an embarrassment to their 'learned pride'. Spinoza knew God and the idea of God to be real. For Spinoza God is not part of a discussion or thesis. For Spinoza, God and Christ are real and to not 'get that' is to entirely miss the mark in regards to Spinoza and his work. God and the spirit of Christ are the keystones or catalysts of Spinoza's work. Denying their reality for Spinoza, or trying to explain them away from Spinoza's thought, keeps Spinoza's work from coming together or from sitting right.Spinoza understood the relation of people to God both as animal creatures set in duration or time and place, and as spiritual creatures set "under the form of eternity". The application of Spinoza's scientific method allows for the demonstration by reason and experiment of personal formation of the particular spiritual person and civic transformation of society along spiritual lines, which is different from the formation of the animal (carnal or after the flesh) person. Spinoza is a major influence in western philosophy and theology. Spinoza had a significant and lasting influence on the Enlightenment. But, it may be his larger contribution is yet to come and it will be in the area of Christian Theology and Christology. This booklet, 'SPINOZA Chemistry, Christ & Salvation' is a modest and admittedly limited study of Spinoza's theo-philosophical work, with some consideration of Spinoza's scientific experimental and scientific reasoning approach to religion and piety or spiritual life.

The Philosophy of Spinoza

Author : Benedictus de Spinoza
Publisher : DigiCat
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 316 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (596 download)

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Book Synopsis The Philosophy of Spinoza by : Benedictus de Spinoza

Download or read book The Philosophy of Spinoza written by Benedictus de Spinoza and published by DigiCat. This book was released on 2022-08-01 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: DigiCat Publishing presents to you this special edition of "The Philosophy of Spinoza" by Benedictus de Spinoza. DigiCat Publishing considers every written word to be a legacy of humankind. Every DigiCat book has been carefully reproduced for republishing in a new modern format. The books are available in print, as well as ebooks. DigiCat hopes you will treat this work with the acknowledgment and passion it deserves as a classic of world literature.

Spinoza's Christian Project

Author : Aldo Di Giovanni
Publisher : CreateSpace
ISBN 13 : 9781500964689
Total Pages : 124 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (646 download)

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Book Synopsis Spinoza's Christian Project by : Aldo Di Giovanni

Download or read book Spinoza's Christian Project written by Aldo Di Giovanni and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-08-27 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: If any thinker can be described as theo-philosophical, it is Spinoza. Spinoza will not be understood theologically without his philosophy, nor will he be understood philosophically without his theology. Properly understood, Spinoza was the 17th Century's philosopher of the Word of God: the philosopher of Christian Salvation and Holiness. Within the corpus of Spinoza's work there are many references to a significant and important place for Christ in the work of Spinoza, which in turn points to a significant and important place for Christ in Spinoza's life. Many of those references are utilized in this book to make a case that from a spiritual point view, Spinoza's life and works lose their mystery and make clear sense. To date, his work in regards to Christian thought remains exceptionally relevant. Yet he has not been acknowledged as a preeminent Christian thinker. Why? Over many years, the responses to Spinoza's work have been varied, but two counterproductive and disconcerting trends are noteworthy. Some people, with little sense of the reality of God have tried in one way or another, to explain away Spinoza's spirituality and work, in particular his Christian spirituality and work. Others, mostly from established 'theo-political' churches, have largely viewed Spinoza from a materialist view and with materialistic proclivities. From their established church frameworks, the latter have found Spinoza an anathema. Their vitriol is born of their materialism and both a meagre and superficial grasp of what Spinoza calls “Christ after the spirit”. For their part, a number of the former, seem to find Spinoza's confessions of spiritual things, especially Christian spiritual existence, an embarrassment to their 'learned pride'. Spinoza knew God and the idea of God to be real. For Spinoza God is not part of a discussion or thesis. For Spinoza, God and Christ are real and to not 'get that' is to entirely miss the mark in regards to Spinoza and his work. God and the spirit of Christ are the keystones or catalysts of Spinoza's work. Denying their reality for Spinoza, or trying to explain them away from Spinoza's thought, keeps Spinoza's work from coming together or from sitting right. Spinoza understood the relation of people to God both as animal creatures set in duration or time and place, and as spiritual creatures set “under the form of eternity”. The application of Spinoza's scientific method allows for the demonstration by reason and experiment of personal formation of the particular spiritual person (and civic transformation of society along spiritual lines), which is different from the formation of the animal (carnal or after the flesh) person. Spinoza is a major influence in western philosophy and theology. Spinoza had a significant and lasting influence on the Enlightenment. But, it may be his larger contribution is yet to come and it will be in the area of Christian Theology and Christology. This booklet, 'Spinoza's Christian Project: Chemistry, Christ & Salvation' is a modest and admittedly limited study of Spinoza's theo-philosophical work, with some consideration of Spinoza's scientific experimental and scientific reasoning approach to religion and piety or spiritual life.