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Spin Injection And Manipulation In Organic Semiconductors
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Book Synopsis Spin Injection and Manipulation in Organic Semiconductors by : Karthik Raman Venkataraman
Download or read book Spin Injection and Manipulation in Organic Semiconductors written by Karthik Raman Venkataraman and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of organic semiconductors to enable organic spintronic devices requires the understanding of transport and control of the spin state of the carriers. This thesis deals with the above issue, focusing on the interface between the organic semiconductor and the spin source. The morphology of the organic molecule at the interface is shown to play a dominant role in this study, influencing spin injection. The interface molecule morphology affects the form of interaction between the organic molecule and the ferromagnet. This interaction ranges from a weak Van der Waals' to a chemical interaction leading to charge transfer, hybridization and other interface chemistry. As a result, the spin-dependent density of states is modified, influencing the spin injection process. The first part of the thesis focuses on identifying the interface properties between the ferromagnet and the organic semiconductor, rubrene. This is performed in a vertical organic junction geometry using different interface characterization tools. The growth morphology of the rubrene molecule is shown to influence the electronic coupling between the molecule and the ferromagnet. This has a pronounced effect on the spin injection efficiency and the magnetoresistance signals in the devices. The complex nature of the top interface is dealt with in detail. These studies provide insights on the importance of tailoring the interface properties to control and realize optimum behavior. As an alternative to conventional ferromagnets, a spin-filter material, europium sulphide, is demonstrated as a spin-polarized source. Spin-filter materials have shown the possibility to inject spin-polarized electrons into the organic semiconductor at higher voltage bias. This knowledge encouraged to seek organic spin-filter materials. Understanding the importance of molecule morphology from the work on rubrene, the second part of the thesis involved the study on a new class of organic materials called the phenalenyl compounds. Study using the compound, Zinc methyl phenalenyl, was initiated that showed large magnetoresistance signals of 50% at 4.2 K to 20% at close to room temperature. The origin of this magnetoresistance is attributed to a new interface phenomena described by the spin-filtering effect. The interface molecule morphology is found to play a very important role at the interface inducing an antiferromagnetic state and dominating the device physics. This technique opens up a new approach to engineer the interface and realize new functional devices without worrying about the bulk disorder of the organic film. This thesis thus shows the feasibility of tuning the property of the interface using tailor-made molecules to realize new functional devices at room temperature that can lead to development of the field and technological applications.
Book Synopsis World Scientific Reference On Spin In Organics (In 4 Volumes) by : Zeev Valy Vardeny
Download or read book World Scientific Reference On Spin In Organics (In 4 Volumes) written by Zeev Valy Vardeny and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2017-12-27 with total page 1364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This reference work on Spin in Organics contains four volumes dedicated to spin injection, spin transport, spin pumping, organic magnetic field effect, and molecular spintronics. The field of Organic Spintronics has accelerated and matured in the last dozen years with the realization of an organic spin-valve (in 2004) and magneto-resistance and magneto-electroluminescence in organic optoelectronic devices (2006).The book series is comprehensive in that it summarizes all aspects of Organic Spintronics to date. The first two volumes deal with spin injection, spin transport, spin manipulation and spin pumping into organic semiconductors. The main device that is thoroughly discussed here is the organic spin-valve, where spinterface states at the interface between the organic semiconductor and the ferromagnetic (FM) electrode has been the focus of many chapters. An interesting emerging subject is the role of chirality in the organic layer of the device. A relatively new method of achieving spin aligned carriers in organic semiconductors is spin pumping, where magnons in the FM substrate generate spin aligned carriers in the organic layer at the FM/organic interface.The third volume deals mainly with magnetic field effect in organic devices. Several spin-mixture processes that lead to magnetic field effect in devices and films are thoroughly discussed, such as hyperfine interaction, direct spin-orbit coupling, indirect spin-orbit coupling via Δg, triplet-triplet annihilation, and thermal spin alignment. The similarity between the magnetic field effect obtained in optoelectronic devices based on organic semiconductors and the novel hybrid organic-inorganic semiconductors is also a subject of intense interest. The fourth volume deals with spin in molecular films and devices. It includes thorough discussion of spin exchange interaction that leads to organic ferromagnets, as well as manifestation of various spin interactions in thin molecular films and devices.
Book Synopsis Organic Spintronics by : Zeev Valy Vardeny
Download or read book Organic Spintronics written by Zeev Valy Vardeny and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-06-13 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Major development efforts in organic materials research have led to an array of applications. Organic spintronics, in particular, has flourished in the area of organic magneto-transport. Reflecting the main avenues of advancement in this arena, this volume explores spin injection and manipulation in organic spin valves, the magnetic field effect in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), and the spin transport effect in relation to spin manipulation. It also examines organic magnets as spin injection electrodes in organic spintronics devices, the coherent control of spins in organic devices using electronically detected magnetic resonance, and the possibility of using organic spin valves as sensors.
Book Synopsis Semiconductor Spintronics by : Thomas Schäpers
Download or read book Semiconductor Spintronics written by Thomas Schäpers and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2021-05-10 with total page 521 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This revised and expanded edition of the first comprehensive introduction to the rapidly-evolving field of spintronics covers ferromagnetism in nano-electrodes, spin injection, spin manipulation, and the practical use of these effects in next-generation electronics. Moreover, the book now also includes spin-based optics, topological materials and insulators, and the quantum spin Hall effect.
Book Synopsis Spin Injection, Spin Transport and Spin-charge Conversion in Organic Semiconductors by : Sebastian Thomas Mooser
Download or read book Spin Injection, Spin Transport and Spin-charge Conversion in Organic Semiconductors written by Sebastian Thomas Mooser and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Spin Injection and Transport in Magnetoelectronics by : P. Vincenzini
Download or read book Spin Injection and Transport in Magnetoelectronics written by P. Vincenzini and published by Trans Tech Publications Ltd. This book was released on 2006-10-01 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection presents 19 papers. Altogether, the collection offers a wealth of up-to-date information on Spin Injection and Transport in Magnetoelectronics.
Book Synopsis Spin Injection in Organic Semiconductors by : Ilaria Bergenti
Download or read book Spin Injection in Organic Semiconductors written by Ilaria Bergenti and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Spintronics Handbook, Second Edition: Spin Transport and Magnetism by : Evgeny Y. Tsymbal
Download or read book Spintronics Handbook, Second Edition: Spin Transport and Magnetism written by Evgeny Y. Tsymbal and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-05-20 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition offers an update on the single most comprehensive survey of the two intertwined fields of spintronics and magnetism, covering the diverse array of materials and structures, including silicon, organic semiconductors, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and engineered nanostructures. It focuses on seminal pioneering work, together with the latest in cutting-edge advances, notably extended discussion of two-dimensional materials beyond graphene, topological insulators, skyrmions, and molecular spintronics. The main sections cover physical phenomena, spin-dependent tunneling, control of spin and magnetism in semiconductors, and spin-based applications.
Book Synopsis Spin Manipulation Using Semimagnetic Heterostructures by : Taras Slobodskyy
Download or read book Spin Manipulation Using Semimagnetic Heterostructures written by Taras Slobodskyy and published by VDM Publishing. This book was released on 2008-01 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In pursuit of a novel generation of devices, exploration of spin properties of the particles is needed. Spintronics is a modern field in physics which exploits spin properties to be used in addition to the charge degree of freedom. Since the conductivity mismatch problem presents a fundamental obstacle for electrical spin injection from a ferromagnetic metal into a diffusive semiconductor, other means for injecting spin-polarized carriers must be used. With a tunnel contact, it is possible to achieve a highly spin-polarized room-temperature tunnel injection. Here we describe a novel approach of applying magnetic resonant tunneling diodes for spin manipulation. In this work, growth and properties of all-II-VI magnetic resonant tunneling diodes, as applied to spintronics, are reported.
Book Synopsis Contemporary Topics In Spintronics by : Supriyo Bandyopadhyay
Download or read book Contemporary Topics In Spintronics written by Supriyo Bandyopadhyay and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2017-02-02 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The success of spintronics — the science and technology of storing, processing, sensing and communicating information using the quantum mechanical spin degree of freedom of an electron — is critically dependent on the ability to inject, detect and manipulate spins in semiconductors either by incorporating ferromagnetic materials into device architectures or by using external magnetic and electric fields. In spintronics, the controlled generation and manipulation of spin polarization in nonmagnetic semiconductors is required for the design of spin-sensitive devices ranging from spin-qubit hosts, quantum memory and gates, quantum teleporters, spin polarizers and filters, spin-field-effect-transistors, and spin-splitters, among others. One of the major challenges of spintronics is to control the creation, manipulation, and detection of spin polarized currents by purely electrical means. Another challenge is to preserve spin coherence in a device for the longest time or over the longest distance in order to produce reliable spintronic processors. These challenges remain daunting, but some progress has been made recently in overcoming some of the steepest obstacles. This book covers some of the recent advances in the field of spintronics using semiconductors.
Book Synopsis Symposium P: Novel Aspects of Spintronic Materials and Devices by :
Download or read book Symposium P: Novel Aspects of Spintronic Materials and Devices written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Symposium P, Novel Aspects of Spintronic Materials and Devices, provided an overview of challenges and recent progress in controlling the spin degrees of freedom in solid-state systems. It is instructive to think of a spintronics scheme as consisting of three different stages: generation of spin polarization, spin manipulation, and spin detection. Spin polarization can be defined as the ratio of the sum and the difference of spin-resolved components (spin-up and spin-down) of a particular quantity such as charge current, carrier density, or the density of states. While many materials in their ferromagnetic state can have a substantial degree of equilibrium carrier spin polarization, this alone is not sufficient for spintronic applications that typically require current flow and/or manipulation of the nonequilibrium spin (polarization). A large part of the symposium focused on the issues related to spin injection where, by driving electrical current across the interface between magnetic and nonmagnetic material, nonequilibrium spin polarization is introduced in a nonmagnetic material. Detailed theoretical considerations were presented by R.H. Silsbee (Cornell) and E.L Rashba (SUNY-Buffalo). Experimental reports on spin injection spanned a wide range of materials, from organic semiconductors (C. Taliani, ISM, Bologna, Italy) to HTSs (J. Wei, Univ. of Toronto). It was shown that metallic ferromagnets combined with a tunneling barrier can provide efficient room-temperature spin injection into common semiconductors such as GaAs (B.T. Jonker, NRL and V.I. Safarov, Univ. Aix-Marseille II, Marseille, France). An alternative method to inject spin into GaAs was discussed by S.S.P. Parkin (IBM Almaden Research Center). His technique employed a magnetic tunneling transistor, which is a three-terminal device combining a magnetic tunnel junction with a semiconductor collector. However, many materials challenges remain.
Book Synopsis Spin Electronics by : David D. Awschalom
Download or read book Spin Electronics written by David D. Awschalom and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2004 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a comparative review of spin electronics ("spintronics") research and development activities in the United States, Japan, and Western Europe conducted by a panel of leading U.S. experts in the field. It covers materials, fabrication and characterization of magnetic nanostructures, magnetism and spin control in magnetic nanostructures, magneto-optical properties of semiconductors, and magneto electronics and devices. Spin Electronics is unique in that it combines tutorial and introductory information on the significance of spin electronics research and applications development in this rapidly developing field. It reviews profound technical and policy implications of spin-based devices for the future of semiconductor electronics, non-volatile computer memory, nanotechnology, and quantum computing and communications. For example, the report discusses the potential for spin electronics to help maintain the progress in price and performance of electronics and computers described in Moore's Law. Finally, information on funding and level of effort in the laboratories visited by the panel is provided.
Book Synopsis Spin-dependent Transport Phenomena in Organic Semiconductors by : Jeremy D. Bergeson
Download or read book Spin-dependent Transport Phenomena in Organic Semiconductors written by Jeremy D. Bergeson and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Thin-film organic semiconductor transport can have an anomalously high sensitivity to low magnetic fields. Such a response is unexpected considering that at a modest magnetic field of 100 Oe the ratio of thermal energy to the energy associated with the intrinsic spin of charge carriers is 104 at room temperature and 102 at liquid helium temperatures. Nevertheless, we report experimental characterization of (1) spin-dependent injection, detection and transport through organic semiconductors and (2) the influence of a magnetic field on the spin dynamics of recombination-limited transport. The first focus of this work is accomplished by fabricating basic spin-valve devices consisting of two magnetic layers spatially separated by a nonmagnetic organic semiconductor. The spin-valve effect is a change in electrical resistance due to the magnetizations of the magnetic layers changing from parallel to antiparallel alignment, or vice versa. Metallic and semiconductor conductivities differ by many orders of magnitude inhibiting spin injection from the magnet into the nonmagnet, however, we achieve a 20% spin-valve effect at cryogenic temperatures by inserting ultra-thin tunnel barriers at the metal/semiconductor interfaces. In a unique device we replace one metallic magnet with the organic-based magnetic semiconductor vanadium tetracyanoethylene (V[TCNE]2) and attain a spin-valve effect at 10 K. The second focus of this work is the bulk magnetoresistance (MR) of thin-film small molecule, oligomer and polymer organic semiconductor structures. At room temperature the resistance can change significantly (up to 8% at 100 Oe, 15% at 1000 Oe.) Depending on parameters such as temperature, layer thickness, or voltage, the resistance of these materials may increase or decrease as a function of field. A model, termed magnetoresistance by the interconversion of singlets and triplets (MIST), is developed to account for this anomalous behavior. The MIST mechanism predicts that increasing the spin-orbit coupling in the organic semiconductor should decrease the magnitude of the MR. In an experiment where the small molecule Alq3 is doped with strong spin-orbit coupling molecules the MR decreases by an order of magnitude or more, depending on the doping. In addition, we show the experimental observation of high-field MR in devices with and without magnetic contacts.
Book Synopsis Injection, Transport and Detection of Spin Currents in Organic Semiconductors by : Piotr Skalski
Download or read book Injection, Transport and Detection of Spin Currents in Organic Semiconductors written by Piotr Skalski and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis World Scientific Reference on Spin in Organics by : Z. V. Vardeny
Download or read book World Scientific Reference on Spin in Organics written by Z. V. Vardeny and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This series summarizes the field of Organic Spintronics up to 2017. It contains four volumes dedicated to spin injection, spin transport, spin pumping, organic magnetic field effect, and molecular spintronics. The field of Organic Spintronics has accelerated and matured in the last dozen years with the realization of an organic spin-valve (in 2004) and magneto-resistance and magneto-electroluminescence in organic optoelectronic devices (2006). The book series is comprehensive in that it summarizes all aspects of Organic Spintronics to date. The first two volumes deal with spin injection, spin transport, spin manipulation and spin pumping into organic semiconductors. The main device that is thoroughly discussed here is the organic spin-valve, where spinterface states at the interface between the organic semiconductor and the ferromagnetic (FM) electrode has been the focus of many chapters. An interesting emerging subject is the role of chirality in the organic layer of the device. A relatively new method of achieving spin aligned carriers in organic semiconductors is spin pumping, where magnons in the FM substrate generate spin aligned carriers in the organic layer at the FM/organic interface. The third volume deals mainly with magnetic field effect in organic devices. Several spin-mixture processes that lead to magnetic field effect in devices and films are thoroughly discussed, such as hyperfine interaction, direct spin-orbit coupling, indirect spin-orbit coupling via [delta]g, triplet-triplet annihilation, and thermal spin alignment. The similarity between the magnetic field effect obtained in optoelectronic devices based on organic semiconductors and the novel hybrid organic-inorganic semiconductors is also a subject of intense interest. The fourth volume deals with spin in molecular films and devices. It includes thorough discussion of spin exchange interaction that leads to organic ferromagnets, as well as manifestation of various spin interactions in thin molecular films and devices."--
Book Synopsis Organic Spintronic Devices Utilizing Spin-injection, Spin-tunneling and Spin-dependent Transport by : Ran Lin
Download or read book Organic Spintronic Devices Utilizing Spin-injection, Spin-tunneling and Spin-dependent Transport written by Ran Lin and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We propose conductivity mismatch as a likely cause of the loss of spin-valve signal with increasing C60 layer thickness. There exists some disagreement in the scientific literature regarding whether OSV operate in the so-called tunneling regime or the so-called injection regime. To shed light on this question, we fabricated spin-valve devices made of organic semiconductor thin films of rubrene sandwiched between ferromagnetic cobalt and iron electrodes. Current-voltage (I-V) characteristics in Co/AlOx/rubrene/Fe junctions with a rubrene layer thickness, d, ranging from 5-50 nm, were measured, and we found two different modes of conductivity. The first mode, tunneling, occurs in relatively thin junctions, d
Book Synopsis Spin Injection in Silicon by : Thomas Uhrmann
Download or read book Spin Injection in Silicon written by Thomas Uhrmann and published by Suedwestdeutscher Verlag Fuer Hochschulschriften. This book was released on 2011-01 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The conjunction of charge manipulation in the semiconductor with the electron spin could lead to a whole new era in information technology, called semiconductor spintronics. In a spinFET device the conventional source/drain contacts are replaced by ferromagnetic (FM) electrodes, injecting and detecting spin-polarized current in silicon. The main advantage of this approach is the merge of information processing and storage in one device, employing a magneto-current effect that depends on the relative magnetization of the injector and detector electrode. The use of silicon as a host material for spin polarized current features a big advantage: its outstanding spin lifetime. The so-called conductivity mismatch between the FM contact and silicon is identified as major obstacle for spin injection, where the diodes' resistance area product has to match a narrow resistance window. In the present work the structural, electrical and magnetic properties of ferromagnetic Schottky diodes and MgO-based tunneling diodes have been investigated, employing CoFe/NiFe, NiFe and CoFeB ferromagnetic electrodes, different silicon doping densities and different post-deposition annealing conditions.
