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Author : Nathan E. Rines
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 90 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (39 download)
Download or read book Spectral Characterization of a Mid-infrared Quantum-cascade Laser written by Nathan E. Rines and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : David Patrick Burghoff
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 99 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (599 download)
Download or read book Characterization of Mid-infrared Quantum Cascade Lasers written by David Patrick Burghoff and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 99 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quantum cascade lasers provide some of the highest output powers available for light in the mid-infrared range (from 3 to 8 m). As many of their applications require portability, designs that have a high wall-plug efficiency are essential, and were designed and grown by others to achieve this goal. However, because a large fraction of these devices did not operate at all, very few of the standard laser measurements could be performed to determine their properties. Therefore, measurements needed to be performed that could non-destructively probe the behavior of QCLs while still providing useful information. This thesis explores these types of measurements, all of which fall into the category of device spectroscopy. Through polarization-dependent transmission and photovoltaic spectroscopy, a large portion of the quantum mechanical bandstructure could be determined, along with many of the parameters characterizing crystal growth quality. In addition, high-resolution transmission spectroscopy was used to find the properties of the QCL waveguide. In order to find the correspondence between theory and experiment, bandstructure simulations were performed using a three-band p model, and two-dimensional electromagnetic simulations were performed to describe the laser's optical properties. These simulations were found to be in relatively good agreement with the device measurements, and any discrepancies were found to be consistent with problems in the growth and fabrication.
Author : Lionel Tombez
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 127 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (14 download)
Download or read book Analysis and Improvement of the Spectral Properties in Mid-infrared Semiconductor Quantum Cascade Lasers written by Lionel Tombez and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Louise Jumpertz
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319658794
Total Pages : 152 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (196 download)
Download or read book Nonlinear Photonics in Mid-infrared Quantum Cascade Lasers written by Louise Jumpertz and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-08-31 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis presents the first comprehensive analysis of quantum cascade laser nonlinear dynamics and includes the first observation of a temporal chaotic behavior in quantum cascade lasers. It also provides the first analysis of optical instabilities in the mid-infrared range. Mid-infrared quantum cascade lasers are unipolar semiconductor lasers, which have become widely used in applications such as gas spectroscopy, free-space communications or optical countermeasures. Applying external perturbations such as optical feedback or optical injection leads to a strong modification of the quantum cascade laser properties. Optical feedback impacts the static properties of mid-infrared Fabry–Perot and distributed feedback quantum cascade lasers, inducing power increase; threshold reduction; modification of the optical spectrum, which can become either single- or multimode; and enhanced beam quality in broad-area transverse multimode lasers. It also leads to a different dynamical behavior, and a quantum cascade laser subject to optical feedback can oscillate periodically or even become chaotic. A quantum cascade laser under external control could therefore be a source with enhanced properties for the usual mid-infrared applications, but could also address new applications such as tunable photonic oscillators, extreme events generators, chaotic Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR), chaos-based secured communications or unpredictable countermeasures.
Author : Dan Botez
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108570607
Total Pages : 552 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (85 download)
Download or read book Mid-Infrared and Terahertz Quantum Cascade Lasers written by Dan Botez and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2023-09-14 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Learn how the rapidly expanding area of mid-infrared and terahertz photonics has been revolutionized in this comprehensive overview. State-of-the-art practical applications are supported by real-life examples and expert guidance. Also featuring fundamental theory enabling you to improve performance of both existing and future devices.
Author : Xiaoliang He
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 75 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (112 download)
Download or read book Characterization and Theoretical Study of Mid-infrared Quantum Cascade Lasers written by Xiaoliang He and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 75 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Alfredo Bismuto
Publisher : LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9783846588376
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (883 download)
Download or read book Mid-Infrared Quantum Cascade Lasers written by Alfredo Bismuto and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2012-02 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work describes the work performed by the author at the ETH Zurich, under the supervision of Prof. Jerome Faist on the optimization of high performance quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) in the Mid-IR spectral region. The main factors influencing laser performance have therefore been analyzed. In particular the optimization of the laser design in order to improve the electron tranport and the optical gain. In addition a detailed analysis of the fabrication process is performed and a novel process scheme is presented for buried heterostructure lasers.
Author : J. Karger-Kocsis
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401144214
Total Pages : 988 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (11 download)
Download or read book Polypropylene written by J. Karger-Kocsis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 988 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: My heart sank when I was approached by Dr Hastings and by Professor Briggs (Senior Editor of Materials Science and Technology and Series Editor of Polymer Science and Technology Series at Chapman & Hall, respectively) to edit a book with the provisional title Handbook of Poly propylene. My reluctance was due to the fact that my former book [1] along with that of Moore [2], issued in the meantime, seemed to cover the information demand on polypropylene and related systems. Encour aged, however, by some colleagues (the new generation of scientists and engineers needs a good reference book with easy information retrieval, and the development with metallocene catalysts deserves a new update!), I started on this venture. Having some experience with polypropylene systems and being aware of the current literature, it was easy to settle the titles for the book chapters and also to select and approach the most suitable potential contributors. Fortunately, many of my first-choice authors accepted the invitation to contribute. Like all editors of multi-author volumes, I recognize that obtaining contributors follows an S-type curve of asymptotic saturation when the number of willing contributors is plotted as a function of time. The saturation point is, however, never reached and as a consequence, Dear Reader, you will also find some topics of some relevance which are not explicitly treated in this book (but, believe me, I have considered them).
Author : Xing Chen
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 364 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (917 download)
Download or read book High Power Mid-infrared Quantum Cascade Laser Array for Standoff Photoacoustic Chemical Detection written by Xing Chen and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) are compact, portable, powerful semiconductor laser sources with emission wavelengths from mid-infrared (mid-IR) to terahertz (THz) regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Mid-IR (i.e. wavelengths from 3 to 20 μm) QCLs are of great importance in a wide range of applications such as trace gas sensing, environmental monitoring, free space communication, medical diagnosis and so on. High power QCLs are particularly important to applications such as infrared counter measure (IRCM) and standoff chemical detections. In such applications, the system performances critically depend on the amount of power a QCL can produce. This dissertation includes two major studies: the first part of the dissertation includes design, fabrication and characterization of high power mid-IR QCL arrays; the second part involves standoff chemical detection using QCLs as laser sources and photoacoustic effect as sensing technologies.
Author : P. F. Fox
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319148923
Total Pages : 598 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (191 download)
Download or read book Dairy Chemistry and Biochemistry written by P. F. Fox and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-06-19 with total page 598 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the most comprehensive introductory text on the chemistry and biochemistry of milk. It provides a comprehensive description of the principal constituents of milk (water, lipids, proteins, lactose, salts, vitamins, indigenous enzymes) and of the chemical aspects of cheese and fermented milks and of various dairy processing operations. It also covers heat-induced changes in milk, the use of exogenous enzymes in dairy processing, principal physical properties of milk, bioactive compounds in milk and comparison of milk of different species. This book is designed to meet the needs of senior students and dairy scientists in general.
Author : Majid Ebrahim-Zadeh
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 140206439X
Total Pages : 630 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)
Download or read book Mid-Infrared Coherent Sources and Applications written by Majid Ebrahim-Zadeh and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-01-02 with total page 630 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covering fundamental principles and the state of the art, this is a collection of reviews from experts in mid-infrared (mid-IR) coherent sources. Among the sources covered are optical parametric oscillators, difference frequency generators, and the most recent broadband crystalline, quantum cascade, and fiber lasers. The authors show how advances in mid-IR science and technology make these sources indispensable for a variety of applications.
Author : Stefan Welzel
Publisher : Logos Verlag Berlin GmbH
ISBN 13 : 3832523456
Total Pages : 198 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (325 download)
Download or read book New Enhanced Sensitivity Infrared Laser Spectroscopy Techniques Applied to Reactive Plasmas and Trace Gas Detection written by Stefan Welzel and published by Logos Verlag Berlin GmbH. This book was released on 2009 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Infrared laser absorption spectroscopy (IRLAS) employing both tuneable diode and quantum cascade lasers (TDLs, QCLs) has been applied with both high sensitivity and high time resolution to plasma diagnostics and trace gas measurements. TDLAS combined with a conventional White type multiple pass cell was used to detect up to 13 constituent molecular species in low pressure Ar/H2/N2/O2 and Ar/CH4/N2/O2 microwave discharges, among them the main products such as H2O, NH3, NO and CO, HCN respectively. The hydroxyl radical has been measured in the mid infrared (MIR) spectral range in-situ in both plasmas yielding number densities of between 1011 ... 1012 cm-3. Strong indications of surface dominated formation of either NH3 or N2O and NO were found in the H2-N2-O2 system. In methane containing plasmas a transition between deposition and etching conditions and generally an incomplete oxidation of the precursor were observed. The application of QCLs for IRLAS under low pressure conditions employing the most common tuning approaches has been investigated in detail. A new method of analysing absorption features quantitatively when the rapid passage effect is present is proposed. If power saturation is negligible, integrating the undisturbed half of the line profile yields accurate number densities without calibrating the system. By means of a time resolved analysis of individual chirped QCL pulses the main reasons for increased effective laser line widths could be identified. Apart from the well-known frequency down chirp non-linear absorption phenomena and bandwidth limitations of the detection system may significantly degrade the performance and accuracy of inter pulse spectrometers. The minimum analogue bandwidth of the entire system should normally not fall below 250 MHz. QCLAS using pulsed lasers has been used for highly time resolved measurements in reactive plasmas for the first time enabling a time resolution down to about 100 ns to be achieved. A temperature increase of typically less than 50 K has been established for pulsed DC discharges containing Ar/N2 and traces of NO. The main NO production and depletion reactions have been identified from a comparison of model calculations and time resolved measurements in plasma pulses of up to 100 ms. Considerable NO struction is observed after 5 ... 10 ms due to the impact of N atoms. Finally, thermoelectrically cooled pulsed and continuous wave (cw) QCLs have been employed for high finesse cavity absorption spectroscopy in the MIR. Cavity ring down spectroscopy (CRDS) has been performed with pulsed QCLs and was found to be limited by the intrinsic frequency chirp of the laser suppressing an efficient intensity build-up inside the cavity. Consequently the accuracy and advantage of an absolute internal absorption calibration is not achievable. A room temperature cw QCL was used in a complementary cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy (CEAS) configuration which was equipped with different cavities of up to 1.3 m length. This spectrometer yielded path lengths of up to 4 km and a noise equivalent absorption down to 4 x 10-8 cm-1Hz-1/2. The corresponding molecular concentration detection limit (e.g. for CH4, N2O and C2H2 at 1303 cm-1/7.66 Aem) was generally below 1 x 1010 cm-3 for 1 s integration times and one order of magnitude less for 30 s integration times. The main limiting factor for achieving even higher sensitivity is the residual mode noise of the cavity. Employing a 0.5 m long cavity the achieved sensitivity was good enough for the selective measurement of trace atmospheric constituents at 2.2 mbar.
Author : Dheeraj Kumar Singh
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9813360844
Total Pages : 663 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (133 download)
Download or read book Modern Techniques of Spectroscopy written by Dheeraj Kumar Singh and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-04-01 with total page 663 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book highlights recent developments in the field of spectroscopy by providing the readers with an updated and high-level of overview. The focus of this book is on the introduction to concepts of modern spectroscopic techniques, recent technological innovations in this field, and current examples of applications to molecules and materials relevant for academia and industry. The book will be beneficial to researchers from various branches of science and technology, and is intended to point them to modern techniques, which might be useful for their specific problems. Spectroscopic techniques, that are discussed include, UV-Visible absorption spectroscopy, XPS, Raman spectroscopy, SERS, TERS, CARS, IR absorption spectroscopy, SFG, LIBS, Quantum cascade laser (QCL) spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, ellipsometry, cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy, such as cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) and evanescent wave-CRDS both in gas and condensed phases, time-resolved spectroscopy etc. Applications introduced in the different chapters demonstrates the usefulness of the spectroscopic techniques for the characterization of fundamental properties of molecules, e.g. in connection with environmental impact, bio-activity, or usefulness for pharmaceutical drugs, and materials important e.g. for nano-science, nuclear chemistry, or bio-applications. The book presents how spectroscopic techniques can help to better understand substances, which have also great impact on questions of social and economic relevance (environment, alternative energy, etc.).
Author : Luyao Xu
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 60 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (863 download)
Download or read book Mid-infrared Quantum Cascade Lasers Modeling, Fabrication and Characterization written by Luyao Xu and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past 20 years, mid-infrared Quantum Cascade Lasers (mid-IR QCLs) have been experiencing rapid development and have become practical mid-IR sources for a variety of applications. There is particular technological interest in high efficiency lasers designed for the midwave infrared (MWIR) atmospheric window (3-5 [mu]m) and longwave infrared (LWIR) atmospheric window (8-13 [mu]m). This work presents a systematic study over mid-IR QCLs, including theoractical modeling, device fabrication and characterization. An effective bandstructure calculation method is implemented in this work for active region modeling. A standard process for fabricating mid-IR QCLs has been developed, based on which both LWIR (~ 9 [mu]m) and MWIR (~ 4 [mu]m) QCLs have been successfully demonstrated. Comprehensive testing results are analyzed and discussed, yielding valuable information about the current device design.
Author : Barbara H. Stuart
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0470011130
Total Pages : 242 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (7 download)
Download or read book Infrared Spectroscopy written by Barbara H. Stuart and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2004-08-20 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides an introduction to those needing to use infrared spectroscopy for the first time, explaining the fundamental aspects of this technique, how to obtain a spectrum and how to analyse infrared data covering a wide range of applications. Includes instrumental and sampling techniques Covers biological and industrial applications Includes suitable questions and problems in each chapter to assist in the analysis and interpretation of representative infrared spectra Part of the ANTS (Analytical Techniques in the Sciences) Series.
Author : Olivier Spitz
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030743071
Total Pages : 179 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (37 download)
Download or read book Mid-infrared Quantum Cascade Lasers for Chaos Secure Communications written by Olivier Spitz and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-05-15 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The mid-infrared domain is a promising optical domain because it holds two transparency atmospheric windows, as well as the fingerprint of many chemical compounds. Quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) are one of the available sources in this domain and have already been proven useful for spectroscopic applications and free-space communications. This thesis demonstrates how to implement a private free-space communication relying on mid-infrared optical chaos and this requires an accurate cartography of non-linear phenomena in quantum cascade lasers. This private transmission is made possible by the chaos synchronization of two twin QCLs. Chaos in QCLs can be generated under optical injection or external optical feedback. Depending on the parameters of the optical feedback, QCLs can exhibit several non-linear phenomena in addition to chaos. Similarities exist between QCLs and laser diodes when the chaotic dropouts are synchronized with an external modulation, and this effect is known as the entrainment phenomenon. With a cross-polarization reinjection technique, QCLs can generate all-optical square-waves. Eventually, it is possible to trigger optical extreme events in QCLs with tilted optical feedback. All these experimental results allow a better understanding of the non-linear dynamics of QCLs and will extend the potential applications of this kind of semiconductor lasers.
Author : Robert Neil Joseph Campbell
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (141 download)
Download or read book Aspects of Laser Absorption Spectroscopy in the Mid-infrared and Visible written by Robert Neil Joseph Campbell and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Laser absorption spectroscopy can be used to identify and quantify gas analytes. The sponsor company's present systems operate in the mid-infrared using room temperature pulsed quantum cascade lasers (pulsed-QCL's). These systems use the noise reduction / sensitivity enhancing technique of sweep integration (SI). In this work, an extension of measurement capabilities is sought in two ways. Firstly, sensitivity enhancement is pursued. The noise reduction technique of wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS) is applied using a room temperature continuous wave (cw) QCL spectrometer. Secondly, molecular oxygen is added to the list of measurable analytes. This molecule's near-infrared and visible transitions are addressed with a wavenumber prototype semiconductor diode laser.The sensitivities of the SI and WMS techniques are compared for the cw-QCL spectrometer, and compared to the SI sensitivity of a typical company pulsed-QCL system. New analysis and modeling software was written to facilitate the thesis work and to carry it forward. A thorough analysis of a pulsed-QCL CT3000 analyzer is undertaken to minimize a reduction in capability - should an oxygen measuring laser replace one of its pulsed-QCL's.The experimental work was constrained by time and budget - particularly with regard to the cw-QCL spectrometer's AC-coupled detection. Using AC-coupled detection had cost and integration advantages, but posed a number of problems - including electronic incompatibility issues. Nevertheless, the outlook is positive, and a modest sensitivity improvement was found for WMS over sweep integration (0.017 absorbance units (a.u.) in 102.4s compared to 0.080 a.u. in 51ms). Both sensitivities are some way behind the present sweep integration performance of the company's pulsed spectrometers (0.004 a.u. in 10ms). However, the sensitivities are comparable to earlier stages of development. In the case of oxygen spectroscopy, the prototype diode laser's thermal stability was an issue, but several spectral regions were found to be suitable for single or multimode spectroscopy.
