Spatio Temporal Drought Characterization And Forecasting Using Indices And Artificial Neural Networks A Case Of The Upper Tana River Basin Kenya

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Spatio-Temporal Drought Characterization and Forecasting Using Indices and Artificial Neural Networks. A Case of the Upper Tana River Basin, Kenya

Author : Raphael Muli Wambua
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
ISBN 13 : 3668917477
Total Pages : 239 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (689 download)

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Book Synopsis Spatio-Temporal Drought Characterization and Forecasting Using Indices and Artificial Neural Networks. A Case of the Upper Tana River Basin, Kenya by : Raphael Muli Wambua

Download or read book Spatio-Temporal Drought Characterization and Forecasting Using Indices and Artificial Neural Networks. A Case of the Upper Tana River Basin, Kenya written by Raphael Muli Wambua and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2019-04-08 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Doctoral Thesis / Dissertation from the year 2016 in the subject Engineering - Civil Engineering, grade: 80.0, Egerton University, course: AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING, language: English, abstract: Drought is a critical stochastic natural disaster that adversely affects water resources, ecosystems and people. Drought is a condition characterized by scarcity of precipitation and/or water quantity that negatively affects the global, regional and local land-scales. At both global and regional scales, drought frequency and severity have been increasing leading to direct and indirect decline in water resources. Increase in drought severity and frequency in the upper Tana River basin, Kenya, water resources systems have been adversely affected. Timely detection and forecasting of drought is crucial in planning and management of water resources. The main objective of this research was to formulate the most appropriate models for assessment and forecasting of drought using Indices and Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) for the basin. Hydro-meteorlogical data for the period 1970-2010 at sixteen hydrometric stations was used to test the performance of the indices in forecasting of the future drought at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18 and 24-months lead times, by constructing ANN models with different time delays. Drought conditions at monthly temporal resolution were evaluated using selected drought indices. The occurrence of drought was investigated using non-parametric Man-kendall trend test. Spatial distribution of drought severity was determined using Kriging interpolation techinique. In addition, a standard Nonlinear-Integrated Drought Index (NDI), for drought forecasting in the basin was developed using hydro-meteoroogical data for the river basin. The results of spaial drought show that the south-eastern parts of the basin are more prone to drought risks than the north-western areas. The Mann-Kendall trend test indicates an increasing drought trend in the south-eastern and no trend in north-western areas of the basin. Development of Surface Water Supply Index (SWSI) function, NDI and characteristic curves defining the return period and the probability of different drought magnitudes based on Drought Indices (DIs) was achieved. Drought Severity-Duration-Frequency (SDF) curves were developed. The formulated NDI tool can be adopted for a synchronized assessment and forecasting of all the three operational drought types in the basin. The results can be used in assisting water resources managers for timely detection and forecasting of drought conditions in prioritized planning of drought preparedness and early warning systems.

Drought Forecasting Under Climate Change Scenarios Using Artificial Neural Networks for Sustainable Water Resources Management in Upper Tana River Basin, Kenya

Download Drought Forecasting Under Climate Change Scenarios Using Artificial Neural Networks for Sustainable Water Resources Management in Upper Tana River Basin, Kenya PDF Online Free

Author : PhD Mutua (Rer. nat., Prof. Dr.-Ing. Benedict Mwavu)
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (137 download)

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Book Synopsis Drought Forecasting Under Climate Change Scenarios Using Artificial Neural Networks for Sustainable Water Resources Management in Upper Tana River Basin, Kenya by : PhD Mutua (Rer. nat., Prof. Dr.-Ing. Benedict Mwavu)

Download or read book Drought Forecasting Under Climate Change Scenarios Using Artificial Neural Networks for Sustainable Water Resources Management in Upper Tana River Basin, Kenya written by PhD Mutua (Rer. nat., Prof. Dr.-Ing. Benedict Mwavu) and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate change has continued to impact negatively on water resources globally. For instance, extreme weather conditions especially the drought phenomena have become frequent in Africa. This has prompted water engineers and hydrologists to formulate mitigation and adaptation measures to address these challenges. The frequency of drought event of a defined severity for a defined return period is fundamental in planning, designing, operating and managing water resources systems within a basin. This paper presents an analysis of the hydrological drought frequency for the upper Tana River basin in Kenya using the absolute Stream flow Drought Index (SDI) and modified Gumbel technique. The study used a 41-year (1970-2010) stream flow data and forecasted hydrological droughts for 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 500 and 1000-year return periods in relation to the selected stream flows. The results provide an overview of drought trends within the river basin and therefore would be very useful in applying drought adaptation policies by water resource managers.

Spatio-temporal characterisation of drought: data analytics, modelling, tracking, impact and prediction

Author : Vitali Diaz Mercado
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000612813
Total Pages : 161 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (6 download)

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Book Synopsis Spatio-temporal characterisation of drought: data analytics, modelling, tracking, impact and prediction by : Vitali Diaz Mercado

Download or read book Spatio-temporal characterisation of drought: data analytics, modelling, tracking, impact and prediction written by Vitali Diaz Mercado and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-02-10 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studies of drought have increased in light of new data availability and advances in spatio-temporal analysis. However, the following gaps still need to be filled: 1) methods to characterise drought that explicitly consider its spatio-temporal features, such as spatial extent (area) and pathway; 2) methods to monitor and predict drought that include the above-mentioned characteristics and 3) approaches for visualising and analysing drought characteristics to facilitate interpretation of its variation. This research aims to explore, analyse and propose improvements to the spatio-temporal characterisation of drought. Outcomes provide new perspectives towards better prediction. The following objectives were proposed. 1) Improve the methodology for characterising drought based on the phenomenon’s spatial features. 2) Develop a visual approach to analysing drought variations. 3) Develop a methodology for spatial drought tracking. 4) Explore machine learning (ML) techniques to predict crop-yield responses to drought. The four objectives were addressed and results are presented. Finally, a scope was formulated for integrating ML and the spatio-temporal analysis of drought. Proposed scope opens a new area of potential for drought prediction (i.e. predicting spatial drought tracks and areas). It is expected that the drought tracking and prediction method will help populations cope with drought and its severe impacts.

Analysis of Spatiotemporal Occurrence of Drought in Kenya Using MODIS Satellite Data

Author : Donald Owele Akanga
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 102 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (126 download)

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Book Synopsis Analysis of Spatiotemporal Occurrence of Drought in Kenya Using MODIS Satellite Data by : Donald Owele Akanga

Download or read book Analysis of Spatiotemporal Occurrence of Drought in Kenya Using MODIS Satellite Data written by Donald Owele Akanga and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Droughts in Semi-Arid Regions by Using Meteorological Drought Indices

Author : Alireza Shahabfar
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (958 download)

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Book Synopsis Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Droughts in Semi-Arid Regions by Using Meteorological Drought Indices by : Alireza Shahabfar

Download or read book Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Droughts in Semi-Arid Regions by Using Meteorological Drought Indices written by Alireza Shahabfar and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Review, automated estimation and analyses of drought indices in South Asia

Author : Smakhtin, Vladimir U
Publisher : IWMI
ISBN 13 : 9290905786
Total Pages : 32 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (99 download)

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Book Synopsis Review, automated estimation and analyses of drought indices in South Asia by : Smakhtin, Vladimir U

Download or read book Review, automated estimation and analyses of drought indices in South Asia written by Smakhtin, Vladimir U and published by IWMI. This book was released on 2004 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper reviews the existing indices which have been developed for monitoring and quantitative assessment of droughts, and analyzes their applicability for drought prediction and management in the specific context of South Asia. It further describes the suite of routines, which have been developed for automated estimation, display and analyses of various drought indices. The suite forms part of the comprehensive computer package, developed earlier and designed to perform the multitude of water resources analyses and hydrometeorological data processing. The seven-step procedure of setting up and running a typical drought-assessment application is described in detail.

The Drought Risk Analysis, Forecasting, and Assessment under Climate Change

Author : Tae-Woong Kim
Publisher : MDPI
ISBN 13 : 3039368060
Total Pages : 168 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (393 download)

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Book Synopsis The Drought Risk Analysis, Forecasting, and Assessment under Climate Change by : Tae-Woong Kim

Download or read book The Drought Risk Analysis, Forecasting, and Assessment under Climate Change written by Tae-Woong Kim and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-01-06 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Special Issue is a platform to fill the gaps in drought risk analysis with field experience and expertise. It covers (1) robust index development for effective drought monitoring; (2) risk analysis framework development and early warning systems; (3) impact investigations on hydrological and agricultural sectors; (4) environmental change impact analyses. The articles in the Special Issue cover a wide geographic range, across China, Taiwan, Korea, and the Indo-China peninsula, which covers many contrasting climate conditions. Hence, the results have global implications: the data, analysis/modeling, methodologies, and conclusions lay a solid foundation for enhancing our scientific knowledge of drought mechanisms and relationships to various environmental conditions.

Monitoring and Predicting Agricultural Drought

Author : Vijendra K. Boken
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 019516234X
Total Pages : 495 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (951 download)

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Book Synopsis Monitoring and Predicting Agricultural Drought by : Vijendra K. Boken

Download or read book Monitoring and Predicting Agricultural Drought written by Vijendra K. Boken and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2005-04-14 with total page 495 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Basic concepts and drought analysis. Remote sensing. NOAA/AVHRR satellite data-based indices for monitoring agricultural droughts. The Americas. Europe, Russia, and the near east. Asia and Australia. International efforts and climate change.

Applied Drought Modeling, Prediction, and Mitigation

Author : Zekâi Şen
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128024224
Total Pages : 485 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Applied Drought Modeling, Prediction, and Mitigation by : Zekâi Şen

Download or read book Applied Drought Modeling, Prediction, and Mitigation written by Zekâi Şen and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2015-08-03 with total page 485 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Applied Drought Modelling, Prediction, and Mitigation provides a practical guide to new and recent methodologies for drought characterizations, change modeling, down-scaling, and future predictions. The modeling procedures covered by the book include recent advancements in regional drought extent, coverage, intensity, and water deficit predictions, which are increasingly significant given current climate change impacts on water resources. Each modeling procedure is explained theoretically prior to the mathematical derivation, and includes book examples, exercises, and case studies that supplement the applied and practical material, thus making the approaches accessible and applicable to the reader. Presents new and recent methodologies for drought characterizations, change modeling, down-scaling, and future predictions Includes online modeling tools to help readers quickly solve drought related problems Presents methodologies, including drought features (duration, intensity, and magnitude) at any desired risk level Include case studies from arid and semi-arid regions

Analysis and Projection of Spatio-temporal Drought and Climate Change Impacts on Groundwater Resources and Surface-groundwater Interactions for Three Iranian Case Studies

Download Analysis and Projection of Spatio-temporal Drought and Climate Change Impacts on Groundwater Resources and Surface-groundwater Interactions for Three Iranian Case Studies PDF Online Free

Author : Majid Taie Semiromi
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (124 download)

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Book Synopsis Analysis and Projection of Spatio-temporal Drought and Climate Change Impacts on Groundwater Resources and Surface-groundwater Interactions for Three Iranian Case Studies by : Majid Taie Semiromi

Download or read book Analysis and Projection of Spatio-temporal Drought and Climate Change Impacts on Groundwater Resources and Surface-groundwater Interactions for Three Iranian Case Studies written by Majid Taie Semiromi and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Meteorological and Agricultural Drought in China

Author : Yi Li
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9819742145
Total Pages : 250 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (197 download)

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Book Synopsis Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Meteorological and Agricultural Drought in China by : Yi Li

Download or read book Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Meteorological and Agricultural Drought in China written by Yi Li and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Hydrological Drought Forecasting in Africa at Different Spatial and Temporal Scales

Author : Patricia M. Trambauer Arechavaleta
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9781138028654
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (286 download)

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Book Synopsis Hydrological Drought Forecasting in Africa at Different Spatial and Temporal Scales by : Patricia M. Trambauer Arechavaleta

Download or read book Hydrological Drought Forecasting in Africa at Different Spatial and Temporal Scales written by Patricia M. Trambauer Arechavaleta and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-08-07 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Africa has been severely affected by droughts in the past, contributing to food insecure conditions in several African countries. In view of the (even more) severe drought conditions and water shortage that may be expected in sub-Saharan Africa in the coming years, efforts should focus on improving drought management by ameliorating resilience and preparedness to drought. This study contributes to the development of a modelling framework for hydrological drought forecasting in sub-Saharan Africa as a step towards an effective early warning system. The proposed hydrological drought forecasting system makes use of a hydrological model that was found to be suitable for drought forecasting in Africa and could represent the most severe past droughts in the Limpopo Basin. The modelling results showed that there is an added value in computing indicators based on the hydrological model for the identification of droughts and their severity. The proposed seasonal forecasting system for the Limpopo Basin was found to be skilful in predicting hydrological droughts during the summer rainy season. The findings showed that the persistence of the initial hydrological conditions contribute to the predictability up to 2 to 4 months, while for longer lead times the predictability of the system is dominated by the meteorological forcing. An effective drought forecasting and warning system will hopefully contribute to important aspects in the region such as water security, food security, hazard management, and risk reduction.

Analyzing the Past and Future Drought Situations Using High Resolution Drought Index

Author : Alen Shrestha
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 192 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (124 download)

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Book Synopsis Analyzing the Past and Future Drought Situations Using High Resolution Drought Index by : Alen Shrestha

Download or read book Analyzing the Past and Future Drought Situations Using High Resolution Drought Index written by Alen Shrestha and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Regional assessments of droughts are limited and meticulous assessment of droughts over larger spatial scales are often not substantial. Understanding drought variability on a regional scale is crucial for enhancing resiliency and adaptive ability of water supply and distribution systems. Moreover, it can be essential for appraising the dynamics and predictability of droughts based on regional climate across various spatial and temporal scales. The drought analysis of the past was carried out with the development of a high-resolution dataset (1km×1km) for three drought-prone regions of India between 1950 and 2016. In the study the monthly values of self-calibrating Palmer Drought Severity Index (scPDSI), incorporating Penman-Monteith (PM) approximation, which is physically based on potential evapotranspiration. Climate data were statistically downscaled using the delta downscaling method and was formulated to form a timeline for characterizing major drought events that occurred in the past. The downscaled climate data were validated with the station observations. Major severe drought events that occurred between 1950 and 2016 were identified and studied with greater emphasis to the drought situation in smaller spatial extent such as districts, villages or localities. A timeline of drought events within the period of study was also prepared to have an understanding of the severity of drought in all three regions. Likewise, the future drought durations are projected for droughts of different levels of severity and assessed in the same regions of India. Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) simulated precipitation and climate data were used for near-future (2015-2044) for different shared socio-economic pathways (SSPs). scPDSI, was used again based on its fairness in identifying drought conditions which accounts for the temperature as well. Gridded rainfall and temperature data of spatial resolution of 1km were used to bias correct the multi-model ensemble (MME) mean of 7 Global Climatic Models (GCMs) from CMIP6 project. Equidistant quantile-based mapping was adopted to remove the bias in the rainfall and temperature data and were corrected at the monthly scale. The downscaled climate data exhibited good statistical agreement with station data with correlation coefficient (R) ranging from 0.83 to 0.93 for both precipitation and temperature. Drought analysis indicated several major incidences over the analysis time period considered in this work, which truly adheres to the droughts recorded in qualitative reports of meteorological institutions in those regions. The drought study of the past helped to understand the situation in local levels and understand the necessities that can be opted for the future by proper management of water resources. While the outcome of the future prediction of drought duration suggests multiple severe to extreme drought events in all three study areas of appreciable durations mostly during the mid-2030s under the SSP2-4.5 scenario. The severe drought durations under the SSP2-4.5 scenario were found to be ranging around 25 to 30 months in 30 years period of the near future. The high-resolution drought index proved to be key to assess the drought situation for both the past and the future in three different drought-prone regions of India.

Analysis of Spatial Performance of Meteorological Drought Indices

Author : Sandeep Ramesh Patil
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 66 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (869 download)

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Book Synopsis Analysis of Spatial Performance of Meteorological Drought Indices by : Sandeep Ramesh Patil

Download or read book Analysis of Spatial Performance of Meteorological Drought Indices written by Sandeep Ramesh Patil and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Meteorological drought indices are commonly calculated from climatic stations that have long-term historical data and then converted to a regular grid using spatial interpolation methods. The gridded drought indices are mapped to aid decision making by policy makers and the general public. This study analyzes the spatial performance of interpolation methods for meteorological drought indices in the United States based on data from the Co-operative Observer Network (COOP) and United States Historical Climatology Network (USHCN) for different months, climatic regions and years. An error analysis was performed using cross-validation and the results were compared for the 9 climate regions that comprise the United States. Errors are generally higher in regions and months dominated by convective precipitation. Errors are also higher in regions like the western United States that are dominated by mountainous terrain. Higher errors are consistently observed in the southeastern U.S. especially in Florida. Interpolation errors are generally higher in the summer than winter. The accuracy of different drought indices was also compared. The Standardized Precipitation and Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) tends to have lower errors than Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) in seasons with significant convective precipitation. This is likely because SPEI uses both precipitation and temperature data in its calculation, whereas SPI is based solely on precipitation. There are also variations in interpolation accuracy based on the network that is used. In general, COOP is more accurate than USHCN because the COOP network has a higher density of stations. USHCN is a subset of the COOP network that is comprised of high quality stations that have a long and complete record. However the difference in accuracy is not as significant as the difference in spatial density between the two networks. For multiscalar SPI, USHCN performs better than COOP because the stations tend to have a longer record. The ordinary kriging method (with optimal function fitting) performed better than Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) methods (power parameters 2.0 and 2.5) in all cases and therefore it is recommended for interpolating drought indices. However, ordinary kriging only provided a statistically significant improvement in accuracy for the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) with the COOP network. Therefore it can be concluded that IDW is a reasonable method for interpolating drought indices, but optimal ordinary kriging provides some improvement in accuracy. The most significant factor affecting the spatial accuracy of drought indices is seasonality (precipitation climatology) and this holds true for almost all the regions of U.S. for 1-month SPI and SPEI. The high-quality USHCN network gives better interpolation accuracy with 6-, 9- and 12-month SPI and variation in errors amongst the different SPI time scales is minimal. The difference between networks is also significant for PDSI. Although the absolute magnitude of the differences between interpolation with COOP and USHCN are small, the accuracy of interpolation with COOP is much more spatially variable than with USHCN.

Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Meteorological and Agricultural Drought in China

Author : Yi Li
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9789819742134
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (421 download)

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Book Synopsis Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Meteorological and Agricultural Drought in China by : Yi Li

Download or read book Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Meteorological and Agricultural Drought in China written by Yi Li and published by Springer. This book was released on 2024-10-25 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores spatiotemporal analysis and impact assessment of agricultural drought in China and investigates the correlation coefficient between meteorological drought and agricultural drought. It then conducts multivariate frequency analysis of drought events using drought indices and copula functions. It aims to reveal spatiotemporal characteristics and impacts of agricultural drought in China both on vegetation phenology and productivity. The book assesses the performances of drought indices for better predicting multi-year droughts and return periods and drought risk assessment.

Drought Analysis Under Climate Change by Application of Drought Indices and Copulas

Author : Wen Yang
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 84 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (748 download)

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Book Synopsis Drought Analysis Under Climate Change by Application of Drought Indices and Copulas by : Wen Yang

Download or read book Drought Analysis Under Climate Change by Application of Drought Indices and Copulas written by Wen Yang and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drought is a recurrent extreme climate event with tremendous hazard for every specter of natural environment and human lives. Drought analysis usually involves characterizing drought severity, duration and intensity. Similar to most of the hydrological problems, such characteristic variables are usually not independent. Copula, as a model of multivariate distribution, widely used in finance, actuarial analysis, has won increasingly popularity in hydrological study. Here, the study has two major focuses: (1) fit drought characteristics from Streamflow Drought Index (SDI) or Standardized Runoff Index (SRI) to appropriate copulas, then using fitted copulas to estimate conditional drought severity distribution and joint return periods for both historical time period 1920-2009 and future time period 2020-2090. SDI is calculated based on long term observed streamflow while SRI is based on simulated future runoff. Parameters estimation of marginal distribution and copulas are provided, with goodness fit measures as well; (2) investigate the effects of climate change on the frequency and severity of droughts. In order to quantify the impact, three drought indices have been proposed for this study to characterize the drought duration, severity and intensity changes under the climate change in Upper Klamath River Basin. Since drought can be defined as different types, such as meteorological drought, agricultural drought, hydrological drought and social economical drought, this study chooses Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) and Surface Water Supply Index (SWSI) to estimate the meteorological, agricultural and hydrological drought, respectively. Climate change effects come from three sources: the inherent reason, the human activity and the GCMs uncertainties. Therefore, the results show the long term drought condition by calculating yearly drought indices, and compared in three ways: First, compare drought characteristics of future time periods with base period; second, show the uncertainties of three greenhouse gas emission scenarios; third, present the uncertainties of six General Circulation Models (GCMs).

Methods and Tools for Drought Analysis and Management

Author : Giuseppe Rossi
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9789048112814
Total Pages : 421 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (128 download)

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Book Synopsis Methods and Tools for Drought Analysis and Management by : Giuseppe Rossi

Download or read book Methods and Tools for Drought Analysis and Management written by Giuseppe Rossi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2009-09-03 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Frequent drought events have recently occurred in different Mediterranean regions. These have highlighted a general inadequacy of the current strategies applied to mitigate negative impacts of such phenomenon. This book provides various methods of drought monitoring at different spatial scales, as well as innovative drought forecasting techniques based on stochastic approaches. Besides common drought indices (i.e. SPI), new agrometeorological indices are proposed.