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Spatial And Temporal Distribution Of Trace Gases And Particulate Matter Emissions From Biomass Burning Globally
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Book Synopsis Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Trace Gases and Particulate Matter Emissions from Biomass Burning Globally by : Mei-Huey Liu
Download or read book Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Trace Gases and Particulate Matter Emissions from Biomass Burning Globally written by Mei-Huey Liu and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Landscape Fire, Smoke, and Health by : Tatiana V. Loboda
Download or read book Landscape Fire, Smoke, and Health written by Tatiana V. Loboda and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2023-10-11 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Landscape Fire, Smoke, and Health Linking Biomass Burning Emissions to Human Well-Being Where and when wildfires occur, what pollutants they emit, how the chemistry of smoke changes in the atmosphere, and what impact this air pollution has on human health and well-being are questions explored across different scientific disciplines. Landscape Fire, Smoke, and Health: Linking Biomass Burning Emissions to Human Well-Being is designed to create a foundational knowledge base allowing interdisciplinary teams to interact more effectively in addressing the impacts of air pollution from biomass burning on human health. Volume highlights include: Core concepts, principles, and terminology related to smoke and air quality used in different disciplines Observational and modeling tools and approaches in fire science Methods to sense, model, and map smoke in the atmosphere Impacts of biomass burning smoke on the health and well-being of children and adults Perspectives from researchers, modelers, and practitioners Case studies from different countries Information to support decision-making and policy The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.
Book Synopsis Sediment Records of Biomass Burning and Global Change by : James S. Clark
Download or read book Sediment Records of Biomass Burning and Global Change written by James S. Clark and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biomass burning profoundly affects atmospheric chemistry, the carbon cycle, and climate and may have done so for millions of years. Bringing together renowned experts from paleoecology, fire ecology, atmospheric chemistry, and organic chemistry, the volume elucidates the role of fire during global changes of the past and future. Topics covered include: the characterization of combustion products that occur in sediments, including char, soot/fly ash, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; the calibration of these constituents against atmospheric measurements from wildland and prescribed fire emissions; spatial and temporal patterns in combustion emissions at scales of individual burns to the globe.
Author :National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Publisher :Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 13 :9781721534036 Total Pages :26 pages Book Rating :4.5/5 (34 download)
Book Synopsis The Study of Biomass Emissions for Defining Radiative Forcing of Climate by : National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Download or read book The Study of Biomass Emissions for Defining Radiative Forcing of Climate written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-06-20 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Accurate quantification of the amounts of trace gases and particulate matter emitted from vegetation fires and other sources of biomass burning (agricultural waste and biofuels) on a regional and global basis is required by a number of users, including scientists studying a wide range of atmospheric processes, national governments who are required to report greenhouse gas emissions, and those interested in quantifying the sources of air pollution that affect human health at regional scales. Over the past decade, improvements in the ability to detect and map fires using a number of different satellite systems have been achieved, largely through efforts coordinated through working groups organized by the IGBP Data and Information System and Global Observation of Forest Cover (GOFC) projects. In addition, significant advances and improvement in or understanding of the emissions factors for biomass burning in different biomes has resulted through efforts by the Biomass Burning Experiment (BIBEX) organized through the International Global Atmospheric Chemistry project. A number of satellite-based fire data products have been generated, and a number of new products will shortly be available. These new data products will provide the basis for estimating emissions from biomass burning on a global basis. However, a number of issues remain concerning the availability of other data sets needed to generate these estimates. Recognizing these issues, the GOFC-Fire Satellite Validation Workshop (held in Lisbon, Portugal on 9-11 July 2001), recommended that a workshop focusing on Improving Global Estimates of Atmospheric Emissions from Biomass Burning be organized. This workshop was held from 17- 19 July 2002 on the campus of the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland. This workshop served as the annual meeting of the GOFC/GOLD-Fire Program. The overall goals of the meeting were to review the information products generated from satellite imagery and other sources that are c
Book Synopsis Emissions of Trace Gases and Aerosols During the Open Combustion of Biomass in the Laboratory by :
Download or read book Emissions of Trace Gases and Aerosols During the Open Combustion of Biomass in the Laboratory written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We characterized the gas- and speciated aerosol-phase emissions from the open combustion of 33 different plant species during a series of 255 controlled laboratory burns during the Fire Laboratory at Missoula Experiments (FLAME). The plant species we tested were chosen to improve the existing database for U.S. domestic fuels: laboratory-based emission factors have not previously been reported for many commonly-burned species that are frequently consumed by fires near populated regions and protected scenic areas. The plants we tested included the chaparral species chamise, manzanita, and ceanothus, and species common to the southeastern US (common reed, hickory, kudzu, needlegrass rush, rhododendron, cord grass, sawgrass, titi, and wax myrtle). Fire-integrated emission factors for gas-phase CO2, CO, CH4, C24 hydrocarbons, NH3, SO2, NO, NO2, HNO3 and particle-phase organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), SO42−, NO3−, Cl−, Na, K+, and NH4+ generally varied with both fuel type and with the fire-integrated modified combustion efficiency (MCE), a measure of the relative importance of flaming- and smoldering-phase combustion to the total emissions during the burn. Chaparral fuels tended to emit less particulate OC per unit mass of dry fuel than did other fuel types, whereas southeastern species had some of the largest observed EF for total fine particulate matter. Our measurements often spanned a larger range of MCE than prior studies, and thus help to improve estimates for individual fuels of the variation of emissions with combustion conditions.
Book Synopsis Investigating the Effect of Variability in Biomass Burning Emissions Inventories on GEOS-Chem Modeled Trace Gas and Aerosol Concentrations by : Flora Kathleen Su
Download or read book Investigating the Effect of Variability in Biomass Burning Emissions Inventories on GEOS-Chem Modeled Trace Gas and Aerosol Concentrations written by Flora Kathleen Su and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past century, global wildfire activity has intensified due to increasing mean temperatures. However, emissions inventories used for modeling the impact of fires on air quality and climate exhibit several discrepancies in emissions estimates, largely due to the different types of satellite products used for identifying fires and measuring burned area, as well as differences in emission factors describing the vegetative fuels burned. Using the GEOS-Chem v1 1-01 chemical transport model, we studied how differences in emissions estimates between two commonly-used global biomass burning inventories, the Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED4) and the Fire INventory from NCAR (FINNy 1), affects modeled concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxide (NO), black carbon (BC) aerosol, and organic carbon (OC) aerosol. We find that biomass burning emissions significantly impacted concentrations of CO, BC, and OC over the U.S., and that the estimated seasonal impact of fires differed between the FINN and GFED inventories. Simulations using FINN predict higher fire emissions and consequently, a greater impact on springtime concentrations of CO (~10% higher than GFED), BC (~20% higher), and OC (-30% higher). GFED, on the other hand, attributes a greater contribution of fires to summertime emissions, with 60 to 90% of yearly fire emissions occurring during the summer months versus 35 to 70% as estimated by FINN. During years with intensive summer wildfires, simulations using GFED exhibited a higher contribution of fires from the Western U.S. and the Canadian Northwest Territories to total CO (30%), BC (50%), and OC (70%) concentrations across the Northern U.S. Simulations using FINN, which estimated higher emissions during the fall/winter, showed a much smaller contribution of summer fires to concentrations in the Northern U.S. (25% CO, 25% BC, 50% OC), but a higher contribution during the fall and winter (20% CO, 15 to 25% BC, 40 to 50% OC. This analysis thus shows that the choice of biomass burning emissions inventory can have a significant impact on the modeled impact of fires on atmospheric composition - FINN estimates a larger impact from smoldering fires, whereas GFED estimates a greater contribution from flaming combustion.
Book Synopsis Measurements of Reactive Trace Gases and Variable Ozone Formation Rates in South Carolina Biomass Burning Plumes by : Sheryl Kashi Akagi
Download or read book Measurements of Reactive Trace Gases and Variable Ozone Formation Rates in South Carolina Biomass Burning Plumes written by Sheryl Kashi Akagi and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biomass burning (BB) is the second largest source of trace gases and the largest source of primary fine carbonaceous particles in the global troposphere. BB trace gases and particles are of both regional and global importance. In the US, prescribed fire and wildfire are the two major fire types and they occur frequently. Prescribed fires are ignited to improve and aid forest health, maintenance, and management. Land managers strive to minimize the impact of smoke on local communities. However, smoldering combustion can still occur, leading to complaints of smoke exposure and reduced visibility. It is clear that we need better understanding of prescribed fire emissions both for the sake of land managers who conduct these burns and for the communities affected by smoke. In October-November of 2011 we measured the trace gas emission factors from seven prescribed fires in South Carolina, U.S. using two Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) systems and whole air sampling (WAS) into canisters followed by gas-chromatographic analyses. A total of 97 trace gas species are reported here from both airborne and ground-based platforms making this one of the most detailed field studies of fire emissions to date. The measurements included the first data for a suite of monoterpene compounds emitted via distillation of plant tissues during real fires. The known chemistry of the monoterpenes and their measured abundance suggests that they influenced post-emission formation of ozone, aerosol, and small organic trace gases such as methanol and formaldehyde in the sampled plumes. The variability in the terpene emissions in South Carolina (SC) fire plumes was high and, in general, the speciation of the emitted gas-phase non-methane organic compounds was surprisingly different from that observed in a similar study in nominally similar pine forests in North Carolina around 20 months earlier. On the other hand, the HCN/CO emission ratio is fairly consistent at 0.9 percent for airborne fire measurements in coniferous-dominated ecosystems further confirming the value of HCN as a biomass burning indicator/tracer. The SC results also support an earlier finding that C3-C4 alkynes may be of use as biomass burning indicators on the time-scale of hours to a day. It was possible to measure the chemical evolution of the plume on four of the fires and significant ozone (O3) formation (O3/CO from 10-90 percent) occurred in all of these plumes. Slower O3 production was observed on a cloudy day with low co-emissions of NOx and the fastest O3 production was observed on a sunny day when the plume almost certainly incorporated significant additional NOx by passing over the Columbia, SC metro area. Due to rapid plume dilution, it was only possible to acquire high quality downwind data for two other species (formaldehyde and methanol) on two of the fires. In all four cases significant increases were observed. This is likely the first direct observation of post-emission methanol production in biomass burning plumes and the precursors likely included terpenes.
Book Synopsis Global Emission Inventory and Atmospheric Transport of Black Carbon by : Rong Wang
Download or read book Global Emission Inventory and Atmospheric Transport of Black Carbon written by Rong Wang and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-10-09 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis presents research focusing on the improvement of high-resolution global black carbon (BC) emission inventory and application in assessing the population exposure to ambient BC. A particular focus of the thesis is on the construction of a high-resolution (both spatial and sectorial) fuel consumption database, which is used to develop the emission inventory of black carbon. Above all, the author updates the global emission inventory of black carbon, a resource subsequently used to study the atmospheric transport of black carbon over Asia with the help of a high-resolution nested model. The thesis demonstrates that spatial bias in fuel consumption and BC emissions can be reduced by means of the sub-national disaggregation approach. Using the inventory and nested model, ambient BC concentrations can be better validated against observations. Lastly, it provides a complete uncertainty analysis of global black carbon emissions, and this uncertainty is taken into account in the atmospheric modeling, helping to better understand the role of black carbon in regional and global air pollution.
Book Synopsis Asian Atmospheric Pollution by : Ramesh P. Singh
Download or read book Asian Atmospheric Pollution written by Ramesh P. Singh and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-08-31 with total page 582 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Asian Atmospheric Pollution: Sources, Characteristics and Impacts provides a concise yet comprehensive treatment of all aspects of pollution and air quality monitoring, across all of Asia. It focuses on key regions of the world and details a variety of sources, their transport mechanism, long term variability and impacts on climate at local and regional scales. It also discusses the feedback on pollutants, on different meteorological parameters like radiative forcing, fog formations, precipitation, cloud characteristics and more. Drawing upon the expertise of multiple well-known authors from different countries to underline some of these key issues, it includes sections dedicated to treatment of pollutant sources, studying of pollutants and trace gases using satellite/station based observations and models, transport mechanisms, seasonal and inter-annual variability and impact on climate, health and biosphere in general. Asian Atmospheric Pollution: Sources, Characteristics and Impacts is a useful resource for scientists and students to understand the sources and dynamics of atmospheric pollution as well as their transport from one continent to other continents, helping the atmospheric modelling community to model different scenarios of the pollution, gauge its short term and long term impacts across regional to global scales and better understand the ramifications of episodic events. Covers all of Asia in detail in terms of pollution Focuses not only on local pollution, but on long-term transport of these pollutants and their impacts on other regions as well as the globe Includes discussion of both particulate matter and greenhouse gases Serves as a single resource on Asian air pollution and Impacts from the most current research across the globe including the US, Asia, Africa and Europe
Book Synopsis Biomass Burning and Global Change: Remote sensing, modeling and inventory development, and biomass burning in Africa by : Joel S. Levine
Download or read book Biomass Burning and Global Change: Remote sensing, modeling and inventory development, and biomass burning in Africa written by Joel S. Levine and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1996 with total page 646 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global Biomass Burning provides a convenient and current reference on such topics as the remote sensing of biomass burning from space, the geographical distribution of burning; the combustion products of burning in tropical, temperate, and boreal ecosystems; burning as a global source of atmospheric gases and particulates; the impact of biomass burning gases and particulates on global climate; and the role of biomass burning on biodiversity and past global extinctions."--Pub. desc.
Book Synopsis Global Sources of Local Pollution by : National Research Council
Download or read book Global Sources of Local Pollution written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-02-15 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent advances in air pollution monitoring and modeling capabilities have made it possible to show that air pollution can be transported long distances and that adverse impacts of emitted pollutants cannot be confined to one country or even one continent. Pollutants from traffic, cooking stoves, and factories emitted half a world away can make the air we inhale today more hazardous for our health. The relative importance of this "imported" pollution is likely to increase, as emissions in developing countries grow, and air quality standards in industrial countries are tightened. Global Sources of Local Pollution examines the impact of the long-range transport of four key air pollutants (ozone, particulate matter, mercury, and persistent organic pollutants) on air quality and pollutant deposition in the United States. It also explores the environmental impacts of U.S. emissions on other parts of the world. The book recommends that the United States work with the international community to develop an integrated system for determining pollution sources and impacts and to design effective response strategies. This book will be useful to international, federal, state, and local policy makers responsible for understanding and managing air pollution and its impacts on human health and well-being.
Book Synopsis Fire in the Tropical Biota by : Johann G. Goldammer
Download or read book Fire in the Tropical Biota written by Johann G. Goldammer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 515 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1977, the Volkswagen Foundation sponsored the first of a series of International Symposia on Fire Ecology at Freiburg University, Federal Republic of Germany. The scope of the congresses was to create a platform for researchers at a time when the science of fire ecology was not yet recognized and established outside of North America and Australia. Whereas comprehensive information on the fire ecology of the northern boreal, the temperate, and the mediter ranean biotas is meanwhile available, it was recognized that conside rable gaps in information exist on the role of fire in tropical und sub tropical ecosystems. Thus it seemed timely to meet the growing scientific interest and public demand for reliable and updated infor mation and to synthesize the available knowledge of tropical fire ecology and the impact of tropical biomass burning on global eco system processes. The Third Symposium on Fire Ecology, again sponsored by the Volkswagen Foundation and held at Freiburg University in May 1989, was convened to prepare this first pantropical and multidisci plinary monograph on fire ecology!. The book, in which 46 scientists cooperated, analyzes those fire-related ecosystem processes which have not yet been described in a synoptic way. Following the editor's concept, duplication at previous efforts in describing tropical vegeta tion patterns and dynamics was avoided. Extensive bibliographical sources are given in the reference lists of the chapters.
Book Synopsis Aerosol Pollution Impact on Precipitation by : Zev Levin
Download or read book Aerosol Pollution Impact on Precipitation written by Zev Levin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-09-30 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Life on Earth is critically dependent upon the continuous cycling of water between oceans, continents and the atmosphere. Precipitation (including rain, snow, and hail) is the primary mechanism for transporting water from the atmosphere back to the Earth’s surface. It is also the key physical process that links aspects of climate, weather, and the global hydrological cycle. Changes in precipitation regimes and the frequency of extreme weather events, such as floods, droughts, severe ice/snow storms, monsoon fluctuations and hurricanes are of great potential importance to life on the planet. One of the factors that could contribute to precipitation modification is aerosol pollution from various sources such as urban air pollution and biomass burning. Natural and anthropogenic changes in atmospheric aerosols might have important implications for precipitation by influencing the hydrological cycle, which in turn could feed back to climate changes. From an Earth Science perspective, a key question is how changes expected in climate will translate into changes in the hydrological cycle, and what trends may be expected in the future. We require a much better understanding and hence predictive capability of the moisture and energy storages and exchanges among the Earth’s atmosphere, oceans, continents and biological systems. This book is a review of our knowledge of the relationship between aerosols and precipitation reaching the Earth's surface and it includes a list of recommendations that could help to advance our knowledge in this area.
Book Synopsis Volcanic Degassing by : Clive Oppenheimer
Download or read book Volcanic Degassing written by Clive Oppenheimer and published by Geological Society of London. This book was released on 2003 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Ocean-Atmosphere Interactions of Gases and Particles by : Peter S. Liss
Download or read book Ocean-Atmosphere Interactions of Gases and Particles written by Peter S. Liss and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-12-18 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The oceans and atmosphere interact through various processes, including the transfer of momentum, heat, gases and particles. In this book leading international experts come together to provide a state-of-the-art account of these exchanges and their role in the Earth-system, with particular focus on gases and particles. Chapters in the book cover: i) the ocean-atmosphere exchange of short-lived trace gases; ii) mechanisms and models of interfacial exchange (including transfer velocity parameterisations); iii) ocean-atmosphere exchange of the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide; iv) ocean atmosphere exchange of particles and v) current and future data collection and synthesis efforts. The scope of the book extends to the biogeochemical responses to emitted / deposited material and interactions and feedbacks in the wider Earth-system context. This work constitutes a highly detailed synthesis and reference; of interest to higher-level university students (Masters, PhD) and researchers in ocean-atmosphere interactions and related fields (Earth-system science, marine / atmospheric biogeochemistry / climate). Production of this book was supported and funded by the EU COST Action 735 and coordinated by the International SOLAS (Surface Ocean- Lower Atmosphere Study) project office.
Book Synopsis Biomass Burning and Global Change: Biomass burning in South America, Southeast Asia, and temperate and boreal ecosystems, and the oil fires of Kuwait by : Joel S. Levine
Download or read book Biomass Burning and Global Change: Biomass burning in South America, Southeast Asia, and temperate and boreal ecosystems, and the oil fires of Kuwait written by Joel S. Levine and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1996 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global Biomass Burning provides a convenient and current reference on such topics as the remote sensing of biomass burning from space, the geographical distribution of burning; the combustion products of burning in tropical, temperate, and boreal ecosystems; burning as a global source of atmospheric gases and particulates; the impact of biomass burning gases and particulates on global climate; and the role of biomass burning on biodiversity and past global extinctions."--Pub. desc.
Download or read book Forest Fires written by Edward A. Johnson and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2001-03-01 with total page 617 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Even before the myth of Prometheus, fire played a crucial ecological role around the world. Numerous plant communities depend on fire to generate species diversity in both time and space. Without fire such ecosystems would become sterile monocultures. Recent efforts to prohibit fire in fire dependent communities have contributed to more intense and more damaging fires. For these reasons, foresters, ecologists, land managers, geographers, and environmental scientists are interested in the behavior and ecological effects of fires. This book will be the first to focus on the chemistry and physics of fire as it relates to the ways in which fire behaves and the impacts it has on ecosystem function. Leading international contributors have been recruited by the editors to prepare a didactic text/reference that will appeal to both advanced students and practicing professionals.
