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South Tyrol
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Download or read book South Tyrol written by Rolf Steininger and published by Transaction Publishers. This book was released on with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: South Tyrol, a region in the heart of the Alps about half the size of Connecticut, brings into sharp focus an important part of twentieth-century history. Tyrol, a province that had been part of Austria for over 500 years and was almost totally German-speaking, was split in two after World War I and the southern part awarded to Italy as "spoils of war." The first phase to follow after the split of Tyrol was systematic subjection by the Italian Fascists of what had been a regional majority in South Tyrol, but was now a minority within Italy. In a second phase, to gain an Italian majority, the country was settled with Italians from the south, who had a totally different mentality from the Italians residing in South Tyrol. With the emergence of National Socialism in Germany, and eventually with the Hitler-Mussolini Agreement of 1939, a third phase emerged: an experiment in "ethnic cleansing" called the "Option." Eighty-six percent of all South Tyroleans agreed to leave South Tyrol and become citizens of "Greater Germany." After World War II, the region was not returned to Austria: South Tyrol became the first victim of the Cold War. It took almost forty years of hard bargaining before South Tyrol was granted real autonomy in 1969. This resolution is now regarded as a model for solving minority conflicts. Rolf Steininger traces the history of this troubled region during several periods: 1918-1922, in which he covers the period from the division of Tyrol to the march on Bozen; 1922-1938, in which he reviews fascist policy towards South Tyrol; the "Option" of 1939; the resettlement and so-called reunification from 1943-1945; South Tyrol's role as a bargaining chip in the Cold War, and the Gruber-Gasperi Agreement of 1946; and the volume closes with a discussion of the plan negotiated in 1969 for a new autonomy for South Tyrol that came to be known as the "Package." Rolf Steininger is professor and head of the Institute of Contemporary History at the University of Innsbruck. He is European Union Jean-Monnet Professor, senior fellow of the Eisenhower Center for American Studies of the University of New Orleans, board member of the European Community Studies Association, and the author of numerous books, articles, and television documentaries.
Download or read book South Tyrol written by Johan Niezing and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-09-29 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: South Tyrol, a region in the heart of the Alps about half the size of Connecticut, brings into sharp focus an important part of twentieth-century history. Tyrol, a province that had been part of Austria for over 500 years and was almost totally German-speaking, was split in two after World War I and the southern part awarded to Italy as ""spoils of war.""The first phase to follow after the split of Tyrol was systematic subjection by the Italian Fascists of what had been a regional majority in South Tyrol, but was now a minority within Italy. In a second phase, to gain an Italian majority, the country was settled with Italians from the south, who had a totally different mentality from the Italians residing in South Tyrol. With the emergence of National Socialism in Germany, and eventually with the Hitler-Mussolini Agreement of 1939, a third phase emerged: an experiment in ""ethnic cleansing"" called the ""Option."" Eighty-six percent of all South Tyroleans agreed to leave South Tyrol and become citizens of ""Greater Germany."" After World War II, the region was not returned to Austria: South Tyrol became the first victim of the Cold War. It took almost forty years of hard bargaining before South Tyrol was granted real autonomy in 1969. This resolution is now regarded as a model for solving minority conflicts.Rolf Steininger traces the history of this troubled region during several periods: 1918-1922, in which he covers the period from the division of Tyrol to the march on Bozen; 1922-1938, in which he reviews fascist policy towards South Tyrol; the ""Option"" of 1939; the resettlement and so-called reunification from 1943-1945; South Tyrol's role as a bargaining chip in the Cold War, and the Gruber-Gasperi Agreement of 1946; and the volume closes with a discussion of the plan negotiated in 1969 for a new autonomy for South Tyrol that came to be known as the ""Package."".
Book Synopsis The South Tyrol Question, 1866-2010 by : Georg Grote
Download or read book The South Tyrol Question, 1866-2010 written by Georg Grote and published by Cultural Identity Studies. This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: South Tyrol is a small, mountainous area located in the central Alps. Despite its modest geographical size, it has come to represent a success story in the protection of ethnic minorities in Europe. When Austrian South Tyrol was given to Italy in 1919, about 200,000 German and Ladin speakers became Italian citizens overnight. Despite Italy's attempts to Italianize the South Tyroleans, especially during the Fascist era from 1922 to 1943, they sought to maintain their traditions and language, culminating in violence in the 1960s. In 1972 South Tyrol finally gained geographical and cultural autonomy from Italy, leading to the 'regional state' of 2010. This book, drawing on the latest research in Italian and German, provides a fresh analysis of this dynamic and turbulent period of South Tyrolean and European history. The author provides new insights into the political and cultural evolution of the understanding of the region and the definition of its role within the European framework. In a broader sense, the study also analyses the shift in paradigms from historical nationalism to modern regionalism against the backdrop of European, global, national and local historical developments as well as the shaping of the distinct identities of its multilingual and multi-ethnic population.
Download or read book South Tyrol written by Johan Niezing and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-09-29 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: South Tyrol, a region in the heart of the Alps about half the size of Connecticut, brings into sharp focus an important part of twentieth-century history. Tyrol, a province that had been part of Austria for over 500 years and was almost totally German-speaking, was split in two after World War I and the southern part awarded to Italy as ""spoils of war.""The first phase to follow after the split of Tyrol was systematic subjection by the Italian Fascists of what had been a regional majority in South Tyrol, but was now a minority within Italy. In a second phase, to gain an Italian majority, the country was settled with Italians from the south, who had a totally different mentality from the Italians residing in South Tyrol. With the emergence of National Socialism in Germany, and eventually with the Hitler-Mussolini Agreement of 1939, a third phase emerged: an experiment in ""ethnic cleansing"" called the ""Option."" Eighty-six percent of all South Tyroleans agreed to leave South Tyrol and become citizens of ""Greater Germany."" After World War II, the region was not returned to Austria: South Tyrol became the first victim of the Cold War. It took almost forty years of hard bargaining before South Tyrol was granted real autonomy in 1969. This resolution is now regarded as a model for solving minority conflicts.Rolf Steininger traces the history of this troubled region during several periods: 1918-1922, in which he covers the period from the division of Tyrol to the march on Bozen; 1922-1938, in which he reviews fascist policy towards South Tyrol; the ""Option"" of 1939; the resettlement and so-called reunification from 1943-1945; South Tyrol's role as a bargaining chip in the Cold War, and the Gruber-Gasperi Agreement of 1946; and the volume closes with a discussion of the plan negotiated in 1969 for a new autonomy for South Tyrol that came to be known as the ""Package."".
Book Synopsis Design from the Alps 1920-2020 by : Massimo Martignoni
Download or read book Design from the Alps 1920-2020 written by Massimo Martignoni and published by Scheidegger & Spiess. This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over centuries, the transnational Alpine region Tyrol-South Tyrol-Trentino (Alto Adige) has developed along ancient trade routes between Germany and Austria on one and northern Italy on the other side of the Alps. Similar to the region's modern and contemporary architecture, its product design is in many cases rooted in a rich local tradition of craftsmanship. Yet since the 1920s, this multilingual region has also proven its remarkable openness to European modernism's most progressive movements and become an unexpected laboratory for technical and formal exploration in the middle of the continent. 'Design from the Alps', published to coincide with an exhibition at museum Kunst Meran in autumn 2019, tells the story of a century of product design from Tyrol-South Tyrol-Trentino, highlighting the vast variety of discoveries and innovations that have emerged there. Featured artists include, among others, Fortunato Depero (1892-1960), whose experiments were inspired by the Secondo Futurismo, Gino Pollini (1903-91), a pioneer of the interwar period, as well as the celebrated architects and designers Lois Welzenbacher (1889-1955), Clemens Holzmeister (1886-1983), and Ettore Sottsas (1917-2007). Lavishly illustrated, the book follows the many protagonists of this at the same time heterogenous and collectively strong scene and offers an insightful tour d'horizon of the manifaceted design culture of western Austria and northern Italy. Exhibition: Museum Kunst Meran/Merano Arte, Italy (11.10.2019-12.01.2020).
Book Synopsis South Tyrol. Around lake Garda. The Dolomites by : John Lawson Stoddard
Download or read book South Tyrol. Around lake Garda. The Dolomites written by John Lawson Stoddard and published by . This book was released on 1910 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis German and Ladin South-Tyrol by : Hans von Voltelini
Download or read book German and Ladin South-Tyrol written by Hans von Voltelini and published by . This book was released on 1919 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Italian Military Governorship in South Tyrol and the Rise of Fascism by : Giuseppe Motta
Download or read book The Italian Military Governorship in South Tyrol and the Rise of Fascism written by Giuseppe Motta and published by Edizioni Nuova Cultura. This book was released on 2012 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Tolerance Through Law by : Jens Woelk
Download or read book Tolerance Through Law written by Jens Woelk and published by Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. This book was released on 2008 with total page 437 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The autonomous province of South Tyrol in Northern Italy is generally considered to be one of the most successful examples for the solution of ethnic conflicts. This book gives an analysis of the evolution of the legal instruments and institutions of self-government and minority protection through power-sharing as well as of the experience gathered during decades of the implementation of a "working economy." It thus provides insights regarding the state and the evolution of this specific case as well as for the general tendencies in the development of territorial autonomy and minority protection.
Book Synopsis The South Tyrol Way by : Hans Karl Peterlini
Download or read book The South Tyrol Way written by Hans Karl Peterlini and published by StudienVerlag. This book was released on 2023-10-11 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In lively language, Hans Karl Peterlini guides us through the recent history of South Tyrol. He illuminates the developments and key events, including the fighting in the First World War, the option and Italianisation of the country under the fascists, the political efforts for autonomy and the bomb attacks. Furthermore, Peterlini tells the stories of the people of South Tyrol, their economies, cultural creations and lifestyles, their misunderstandings, and achievements in reconciliation - right up to the present day.
Book Synopsis South Tyrol. The Other Italy by : Elizaveta Ebner
Download or read book South Tyrol. The Other Italy written by Elizaveta Ebner and published by Litres. This book was released on 2022-05-15 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Italy is the world’s best pizza, masterpieces of art and temperamental Italians. But did you know that in this country, there is a place where people speak three languages, masterfully make Knödel and Strudel, drink the difficult-to-pronounce Gewürztraminer and do not show unnecessary emotions? This part of Italy is the birthplace of the legendary mountaineer Reinhold Messner, the Meran Variation of the Semi-Slav defense and the Hugo cocktail. Discover The Other Italy – beautiful South Tyrol.
Book Synopsis The South Tyrol Autonomy in Italy, Historical, Political and Legal Aspects, International Conference on Comparative National Experiences of Autonomy, lessons and Seminar, University of Hong Kong, 9th -11th April 2005 by :
Download or read book The South Tyrol Autonomy in Italy, Historical, Political and Legal Aspects, International Conference on Comparative National Experiences of Autonomy, lessons and Seminar, University of Hong Kong, 9th -11th April 2005 written by and published by Oskar Peterlini. This book was released on with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis John L. Stoddard's Lectures: South Tyrol. Around lake Garda. The Dolomites by : John Lawson Stoddard
Download or read book John L. Stoddard's Lectures: South Tyrol. Around lake Garda. The Dolomites written by John Lawson Stoddard and published by . This book was released on 1910 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Blue Guide Trentino & the South Tyrol by : Paul Blanchard
Download or read book Blue Guide Trentino & the South Tyrol written by Paul Blanchard and published by Blue Guides Limited of London. This book was released on 2022-11 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This easy-to-carry guide includes the cities of Trento and Rovereto in Trentino, and Bolzano/Bozen, Merano/Brixen and Bressanone/Brixen in the South Tyrol (Alto Adige), together with the peaks, valleys and villages of the surrounding Dolomites and Central Alps. Long-time Italy-resident Paul Blanchard tours this beautiful region, detailing its history, architecture, art, landscape, life and culture.
Book Synopsis Parties and Elections in Austria and South Tyrol by : Wolfram Nordsieck
Download or read book Parties and Elections in Austria and South Tyrol written by Wolfram Nordsieck and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2022-04-22 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Parties and Elections in Austria and South Tyrol" is a comprehensive reference guide to the federal and state elections and federal and state governments in Austria since 1918, the national and provincial elections and provincial governments in South Tyrol (Italy), the elections to the European Parliament and to all significant present and past political parties. Listed are more than 240 parties. The guide includes basic data of these parties (founding years, political orientations, affiliations to European political parties, European Parliament groups and political internationals) and a chronological summary of their history (predecessors, name changes, mergers and splits).
Book Synopsis The Autonomous Province of South Tyrol by : Melissa Magliana
Download or read book The Autonomous Province of South Tyrol written by Melissa Magliana and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Nazis on the Run by : Gerald Steinacher
Download or read book Nazis on the Run written by Gerald Steinacher and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2012-08-23 with total page 411 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the story of how Nazi war criminals escaped from justice at the end of the Second World War by fleeing through the Tyrolean Alps to Italian seaports, and the role played by the Red Cross, the Vatican, and the Secret Services of the major powers in smuggling them away from prosecution in Europe to a new life in South America. The Nazi sympathies held by groups and individuals within these organizations evolved into a successful assistance network for fugitive criminals, providing them not only with secret escape routes but hiding places for their loot. Gerald Steinacher skillfully traces the complex escape stories of some of the most prominent Nazi war criminals, including Adolf Eichmann, showing how they mingled and blended with thousands of technically stateless or displaced persons, all flooding across the Alps to Italy and from there, to destinations abroad. The story of their escape shows clearly just how difficult the apprehending of war criminals can be. As Steinacher shows, all the major countries in the post-war world had 'mixed motives' for their actions, ranging from the shortage of trained intelligence personnel in the immediate aftermath of the war to the emerging East-West confrontation after 1947, which led to many former Nazis being recruited as agents turned in the Cold War.
