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Soluble Factors Mediating Innate Immune Responses To Hiv Infection
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Book Synopsis Soluble Factors Mediating Innate Immune Responses to HIV Infection by : Massimo Alfano
Download or read book Soluble Factors Mediating Innate Immune Responses to HIV Infection written by Massimo Alfano and published by Bentham Science Publishers. This book was released on 2010 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection represents one of the biggest challenges of current years. However, scientists and physicians still do not have an efficient therapy for preventing or eradicating the virus. The selection of drug-resistant stra"
Book Synopsis Molecular Biology of The Cell by : Bruce Alberts
Download or read book Molecular Biology of The Cell written by Bruce Alberts and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Handbook on Immunosenescence by : Tamas Fulop
Download or read book Handbook on Immunosenescence written by Tamas Fulop and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-02-27 with total page 1693 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This authoritative handbook covers all aspects of immunosenescence, with contributions from experts in the research and clinical areas. It examines methods and models for studying immunosenescence; genetics; mechanisms including receptors and signal transduction; clinical relevance in disease states including infections, autoimmunity, cancer, metabolic syndrome, neurodegenerative diseases, frailty and osteoporosis; and much more.
Book Synopsis Effects of Complement Opsonization of HIV on Dendritic Cells by : Rada Ellegård
Download or read book Effects of Complement Opsonization of HIV on Dendritic Cells written by Rada Ellegård and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2018-09-28 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dendritic cells are key players during HIV pathogenesis, and shape both the immediate immune response at the site of infection as well as directing the adaptive immune response against the virus. HIV has developed a plethora of immune evasion mechanisms that hijack dendritic cell functions, suppressing their ability to mount an accurate immune response and exploiting them for efficient viral transfer to target T cells. To achieve successful replication within dendritic cells without triggering danger signaling, HIV accomplishes a delicate balance where only a low level of transcription can be sustained without triggering antiviral responses that would harm the virus. Here, we describe how the presence of HSV2 coinfection, which is very common in geographic areas with a high HIV prevalence and almost triples the risk of HIV acquisition, alters dendritic cell state to support much higher levels of HIV infection. We found this effect to be mediated by the STING pathway, which is involved in the sensing of DNA in the cell cytosol. STING activation led to an upregulation of factors such as IRF3 and NFkB that can be used for HIV transcription and a degradation of factors that restrict HIV replication. In addition, we describe how HIV exploits the human complement system, a group of proteins that usually help the human body to identify dangerous pathogens while avoiding reaction towards self. HIV can coat itself, i.e. become opsonized, in complement fragments that are typically only present on the body’s own cells, allowing it to activate signaling pathways that are associated with tolerance. Dendritic cells that come into contact with complement opsonized HIV do not mount danger responses, despite the fact that HIV-derived single stranded RNA triggers the pathogen recognition receptor TLR8. The suppression of danger responses is mediated by activation of complement receptor 3, and leads to an increased infection of the dendritic cell and affects its interactions with other immune cells. There is a lack of recruitment of NK cells to the site of infection, and an inhibition of NK cell killing, which plays an important role in the destruction of HIV-infected cells in vivo. T cells primed by dendritic cells exposed to complement opsonized HIV have a lower ability to develop towards effector phenotype, and have an increased expression of the markers PD1, TIM3 and LAG3 which are associated with T cell dysfunction and exhaustion. In addition, T cells primed by these dendritic cells in the presence of NK cells upregulate markers CD38, CXCR3 and CCR4, which have been linked to an increased susceptibility to HIV infection. In summary, we add to the current knowledge on HIV immune evasion mechanisms that allow the virus to establish infection, as well as describing mechanisms that govern whether dendritic cells mount danger signaling and an immune response or not.
Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of AIDS by : Thomas J. Hope
Download or read book Encyclopedia of AIDS written by Thomas J. Hope and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Women in Cytokines and Soluble Mediators in Immunity by : Diana Boraschi
Download or read book Women in Cytokines and Soluble Mediators in Immunity written by Diana Boraschi and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-02-13 with total page 848 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We are delighted to present the inaugural Frontiers in Immunology “Women in Cytokines and Soluble Mediators in Immunity” series of article collections. At present, less than 30% of researchers worldwide are women. Long-standing biases and gender stereotypes are discouraging girls and women away from science-related fields, and Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) research in particular. Science and gender equality are, however, essential to ensure sustainable development as highlighted by UNESCO. In order to change traditional mindsets, gender equality must be promoted, stereotypes defeated, and girls and women should be encouraged to pursue STEM careers.
Book Synopsis AIDS Pathogenesis by : H. Schuitemaker
Download or read book AIDS Pathogenesis written by H. Schuitemaker and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2000-03-31 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus is characterized by the destruction of the host immune system as also reflected by a progressive loss of CD4-positive T-cells. This finally results in the host's incapacity to deal with opportunistic infections and the immune surveillance of tumors, a clinical status known as the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). The book AIDS Pathogenesis provides the reader with a complete overview of the clinical course of HIV-1 infection. It describes the clinical aspects of primary infection, the different clinical outcomes of HIV-1 infection, and strategies for anti-viral treatment. In addition, more fundamental aspects of HIV-1 infection are reviewed. These include the biology of the virus and the novel insights in AIDS pathogenesis. Not only is the significance of an HIV-specific cellular and humoral immune response discussed, but also the possible incapacity of the adult human host to deal with T-cell destruction. Finally, the book discusses the currently used laboratory markers that allow for monitoring of the clinical course of infection.
Book Synopsis Current Perspectives in HIV Infection by : Shailendra K. Saxena
Download or read book Current Perspectives in HIV Infection written by Shailendra K. Saxena and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2013-04-10 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gives a comprehensive overview of HIV and AIDS including NeuroAIDS, as well as general concepts of pathology, immunity and immunopathology, diagnosis, treatment, epidemiology and etiology to current clinical recommendations in management of HIV/AIDS including NeuroAIDS, highlighting the ongoing issues, recent advances and future directions in diagnostic approaches and therapeutic strategies.
Book Synopsis Janeway's Immunobiology by : Kenneth Murphy
Download or read book Janeway's Immunobiology written by Kenneth Murphy and published by Garland Science. This book was released on 2010-06-22 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Janeway's Immunobiology CD-ROM, Immunobiology Interactive, is included with each book, and can be purchased separately. It contains animations and videos with voiceover narration, as well as the figures from the text for presentation purposes.
Book Synopsis Human Cytomegalovirus by : Thomas E. Shenk
Download or read book Human Cytomegalovirus written by Thomas E. Shenk and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-05-09 with total page 477 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume has gathered some of the experts in the field to review aspects of our understanding of CMV and to offer perspectives of the current problems associated with CMV. The editors and authors hope that the chapters will lead to a better understanding of the virus that will assist in the development of new and unique antivirals, a protective vaccine, and a full understanding of CMV's involvement in human disease.
Download or read book Human Herpesviruses written by Ann Arvin and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2007-08-16 with total page 1325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive account of the human herpesviruses provides an encyclopedic overview of their basic virology and clinical manifestations. This group of viruses includes human simplex type 1 and 2, Epstein–Barr virus, Kaposi's Sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, cytomegalovirus, HHV6A, 6B and 7, and varicella-zoster virus. The viral diseases and cancers they cause are significant and often recurrent. Their prevalence in the developed world accounts for a major burden of disease, and as a result there is a great deal of research into the pathophysiology of infection and immunobiology. Another important area covered within this volume concerns antiviral therapy and the development of vaccines. All these aspects are covered in depth, both scientifically and in terms of clinical guidelines for patient care. The text is illustrated generously throughout and is fully referenced to the latest research and developments.
Book Synopsis Oxford Textbook of Rheumatology by : Philip Conaghan
Download or read book Oxford Textbook of Rheumatology written by Philip Conaghan and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2013-10 with total page 1553 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A strong clinical emphasis is present throughout this volume from the first section of commonly presenting problems through to the section addressing problems shared with a range of other clinical sub-specialties.
Book Synopsis Stress Challenges and Immunity in Space by : Alexander Choukèr
Download or read book Stress Challenges and Immunity in Space written by Alexander Choukèr and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-27 with total page 756 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explains how stress – either psychological or physical – can activate and/or paralyse human innate or adaptive immunity. Adequate immunity is crucial for maintaining health, both on Earth and in space. During space flight, human physiology is specifically challenged by complex environmental stressors, which are most pronounced during lunar or interplanetary missions. Adopting an interdisciplinary approach, the book identifies the impact of these stressors – the space exposome – on immunity as a result of (dys-)functions of specific cells, organs and organ networks. These conditions (e.g. gravitation changes, radiation, isolation/confinement) affect immunity, but at the same time provide insights that may help to prevent, diagnose and address immune-related health alterations. Written by experts from academia, space agencies and industry, the book is a valuable resource for professionals, researchers and students in the field of medicine, biology and technology. The chapters “The Impact of Everyday Stressors on the Immune System and Health”, “Stress and Radiation Responsiveness” and “Assessment of Radiosensitivity and Biomonitoring of Exposure to Space adiation” are available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.
Download or read book HIV-1 Latency written by Guido Silvestri and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-10-11 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume summarizes recent advances in understanding the mechanisms of HIV-1 latency, in characterizing residual viral reservoirs, and in developing targeted interventions to reduce HIV-1 persistence during antiretroviral therapy. Specific chapters address the molecular mechanisms that govern and regulate HIV-1 transcription and latency; assays and technical approaches to quantify viral reservoirs in humans and animal models; the complex interchange between viral reservoirs and the host immune system; computational strategies to model viral reservoir dynamics; and the development of therapeutic approaches that target viral reservoir cells. With contributions from an interdisciplinary group of investigators that cover a broad spectrum of subjects, from molecular virology to proof-of-principle clinical trials, this book is a valuable resource for basic scientists, translational investigators, infectious-disease physicians, individuals living with HIV/AIDS and the general public.
Book Synopsis Antiviral Substances (including Interferon). by :
Download or read book Antiviral Substances (including Interferon). written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book HIV and Aging written by M. Brennan-Ing and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2016-11-22 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite decades of attention on building a global HIV research and programming agenda, HIV in older populations has generally been neglected until recently. This new book focuses on HIV and aging in the context of ageism with regard to prevention, treatment guidelines, funding, and the engagement of communities and health and social service organizations. The lack of perceived HIV risk in late adulthood among older people themselves, as well on the part of providers and society in general, has led to a lack of investment in education, testing, and programmatic responses. Ageism perpetuates the invisibility of older adults and, in turn, renders current medical and social service systems unprepared to respond to patients’ needs. While ageism may lead to some advantages – discounts for services, for example – it is the negative aspects that must be addressed when determining the appropriate community-level response to the epidemic.
Book Synopsis Immune Response Activation and Immunomodulation by : Rajeev Tyagi
Download or read book Immune Response Activation and Immunomodulation written by Rajeev Tyagi and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2019-04-17 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Immune Response Activation and Immunomodulation has been written to address the perceived needs of both medical school and undergraduate curricula and to take advantage of new understandings in immunology. We have tried to achieve several goals and present the most important principles governing the function of the immune system. Our fundamental objective has been to synthesize the key concepts from the vast amount of experimental data that have emerged in the rapidly advancing field of immunology. The choice of what is most important is based on what is most clearly established by experimentation, what our students find puzzling, and what explains the wonderful efficiency and economy of the immune system. Inevitably, however, such a choice will have an element of bias, and our bias is toward emphasizing the cellular interactions in immune response by limiting the description of many of the underlying biochemical and molecular mechanisms to the essential facts. This book gives an insight into the role of cytokines in activating immune response during pathogenic invasion. Immunomodulation, aryl hydrocarbons, the role of the protein defensin and nucleated cells in provoking immune response, Bcl protein/gene-based apoptotic pathways, and plant-derived phytochemical-mediated immune response are all central themes of this book.
