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Socioeconomic Determinants Of Infant Mortality Rate Disparities
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Book Synopsis Socioeconomic Determinants of Infant Mortality Rate Disparities by : Alex Krasikov
Download or read book Socioeconomic Determinants of Infant Mortality Rate Disparities written by Alex Krasikov and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: This study examines variation in infant mortality rate (IMR) between black and white populations. Data were drawn from CDC Birth Cohort Linked Birth Infant Data for 2004. Author examined numerous socioeconomic factors that could explain the gap in IMR between two races. Each potential factor was examined separately before introducing into a complete model. The proposed model explains about 11 percentage points in difference between groups, and showed factors that can be affected by change in public policy, play statistically significant role in IMR disparity. We can look at the IMR as a socioeconomic indicator that highlights both negative and positive developments in society.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309452961 Total Pages :583 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Communities in Action by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Communities in Action written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-04-27 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.
Book Synopsis Racial Differences in the Social Determinants of Infant Mortality: A County-Level Analysis by : Anna Claire Church
Download or read book Racial Differences in the Social Determinants of Infant Mortality: A County-Level Analysis written by Anna Claire Church and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Infant mortality rates (IMRs) are considered to be one of the most important indicators of a healthy society and a key marker of maternal and child health. In the United States, progress has been made in reducing the overall infant mortality rate, but this reduced aggregated rate masks significant racial disparities. The objective of this study is to systematically examine racial differences in a number of social determinants of infant mortality at the county-level, specifically differences between non-Hispanic Black and non-Hispanic White populations. Multivariate OLS regression modeling is used to analyze the association between the demographic, economic, and health predictor variables and IMRs. The results show that while there are marked differences in the predictors of Black and white IMRs, there are also remarkable similarities. Median household incomes and numbers of practicing midwives are found to be two of the significant factors in reducing infant mortality rates for both groups. .
Book Synopsis The Influence of Socioeconomic Characteristics in Black-White Disparity in the U.S. Infant Mortality Rate by : Arax Sarkisyan
Download or read book The Influence of Socioeconomic Characteristics in Black-White Disparity in the U.S. Infant Mortality Rate written by Arax Sarkisyan and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite an overall decline in infant mortality rates (IMR) throughout the United States, non-Hispanic Blacks persistently maintain a high IMR. This paper seeks to review the environmental, social, and biological factors that are associated with high IMR among Black women to inform policymaking and has two objectives. First, previous research on the causes of high Black IMR is reviewed by conducting qualitative research through archival research and analyses. Peer-reviewed research articles compiled regarding or related to Black IMRs indicated that segregated areas, racism, high-poverty rates, socio-medical care differences in Blacks contribute to the rising Black-White disparities. The second objective of this paper is to examine how public policy contributes to high Black IMR and how public policy can be readdressed or procured to lower Black IMR. The research conducted indicates that to close the gap on Black-White IMRs, the federal and state governments could implement several programs in local and high-risk areas to promote prenatal care and to ensure quality medical care for Black women.
Book Synopsis An Ecological Analysis of Social and Economic Influences on Black and White Infant Mortality Risk in Orange County, FL by : Vanessa A. Lopez-Littleton
Download or read book An Ecological Analysis of Social and Economic Influences on Black and White Infant Mortality Risk in Orange County, FL written by Vanessa A. Lopez-Littleton and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Black health disparities are a salient public health issue with blacks in every socioeconomic level at a greater health disadvantage than their white counterparts. In particular, disparity in infant mortality rates between blacks and whites have widened in recent decades to differentials never before experienced in the United States. Social ecologists investigating the myriad of individual and environmental risk factors have failed to fully account for the persistent differential. This study examines the relationships between individual and environmental influences on the health risk experienced by blacks, whites, as well as the differential between the two populations. This multi-level analysis was conducted using five-year aggregate data centering on the 2000 decennial census (1998 - 2002) as the most recent census data available. During the study period, the 193 census tracts in Orange County, Florida, experienced 504 infant deaths which included 242 black and 241 white infant deaths. Using the infant mortality target rate developed for Healthy People 2000 as the "normal" infant mortality rate, risk was calculated as the percentage of deviation from the (")normal("). A rate was also calculated to demonstrate the difference between black and white percent deviations from the "normal". Structural equation modeling was used to examine the relationship between socioeconomic influences (Socioeconomic Disadvantage), social risk factors (Social Disorganization), and behavioral risk factors (Poor Behavioral Choices) using a latent variable approach based on a conceptual model which integrated the social determinants of health framework and conflict theory. In this study, an inverse association was found between socioeconomic disadvantage and infant mortality risk for black infants. This finding is contradictory to the expected finding and may have been due to multicollinearity or the operationalization of the endogenous study variable for black infant mortality risk. Thus, this study highlights the complexity of unraveling the interrelationship between social and economic risk factors. The results of this study demonstrate the importance of the latent variable approach in public health research as well as the need to broaden the approach to selecting indicators. This study concludes with specific policy recommendations aimed at improving the health outcomes of vulnerable populations using the social determinants of health framework.
Book Synopsis Children of Immigrants by : National Research Council
Download or read book Children of Immigrants written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-11-12 with total page 673 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Immigrant children and youth are the fastest-growing segment of the U.S. population, and so their prospects bear heavily on the well-being of the country. Children of Immigrants represents some of the very best and most extensive research efforts to date on the circumstances, health, and development of children in immigrant families and the delivery of health and social services to these children and their families. This book presents new, detailed analyses of more than a dozen existing datasets that constitute a large share of the national system for monitoring the health and well-being of the U.S. population. Prior to these new analyses, few of these datasets had been used to assess the circumstances of children in immigrant families. The analyses enormously expand the available knowledge about the physical and mental health status and risk behaviors, educational experiences and outcomes, and socioeconomic and demographic circumstances of first- and second-generation immigrant children, compared with children with U.S.-born parents.
Book Synopsis Family Health Care Nursing by : Joanna Rowe Kaakinen
Download or read book Family Health Care Nursing written by Joanna Rowe Kaakinen and published by F.A. Davis. This book was released on 2018-02-01 with total page 665 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prepare for the real world of family nursing care! Explore family nursing the way it’s practiced today—with a theory-guided, evidence-based approach to care throughout the family life cycle that responds to the needs of families and adapts to the changing dynamics of the health care system. From health promotion to end of life, a streamlined organization delivers the clinical guidance you need to care for families. Significantly updated and thoroughly revised, the 6th Edition reflects the art and science of family nursing practice in today’s rapidly evolving healthcare environments.
Book Synopsis Unequal Treatment by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Unequal Treatment written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-02-06 with total page 781 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Racial and ethnic disparities in health care are known to reflect access to care and other issues that arise from differing socioeconomic conditions. There is, however, increasing evidence that even after such differences are accounted for, race and ethnicity remain significant predictors of the quality of health care received. In Unequal Treatment, a panel of experts documents this evidence and explores how persons of color experience the health care environment. The book examines how disparities in treatment may arise in health care systems and looks at aspects of the clinical encounter that may contribute to such disparities. Patients' and providers' attitudes, expectations, and behavior are analyzed. How to intervene? Unequal Treatment offers recommendations for improvements in medical care financing, allocation of care, availability of language translation, community-based care, and other arenas. The committee highlights the potential of cross-cultural education to improve provider-patient communication and offers a detailed look at how to integrate cross-cultural learning within the health professions. The book concludes with recommendations for data collection and research initiatives. Unequal Treatment will be vitally important to health care policymakers, administrators, providers, educators, and students as well as advocates for people of color.
Book Synopsis Area-level Drivers of Term Infant Mortality by : Yousra A. Mohamoud
Download or read book Area-level Drivers of Term Infant Mortality written by Yousra A. Mohamoud and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The US has had a persistently low ranking in IMR over the past thirty years. Increasing evidence suggests that this is partially driven by high infant mortality among infants born at term. Recent studies suggest that individual level maternal factors alone cannot explain this high term infant mortality, and that high level area factors affecting quality and access to resources might have an important role to play. This project addresses a critical knowledge gap by examining the effect of area-level drivers-relating to socioeconomic disadvantage- on (1) term infant mortality overall, (2) black-white disparities in term infant mortality within the context of a social determinants of infant mortality framework. This project uses multilevel logistic regression and mapping techniques, operationalizing four measures of area socioeconomic disadvantage: poverty, urban-rural classification, economic spatial polarization and racialized-economic spatial polarization. To investigate: (1) the independent effect of county poverty and urban-rural classification and the interaction between them on term infant mortality; (2) the relationship between county poverty, urban-rural classification and the cause of death among term infants as a step towards understanding the mechanisms by which they could be associated with term infant death; (3) the effect of economic and racialized-economic spatial polarization on term infant mortality and on black-white disparities in mortality at term using the index of concentration at the extremes. Together the work of this dissertation helps provide a deeper understanding of the drivers of the marked disparities in term infant survival in the US and identifies important potential targets for intervention and future research opportunities to reduce within and cross-country disparities in term infant mortality.
Book Synopsis Infant Mortality and Maternal Mortality by : Padma Seth
Download or read book Infant Mortality and Maternal Mortality written by Padma Seth and published by Gyan Publishing House. This book was released on 2009 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Indian context.
Book Synopsis Infant and Child Mortality in the Past by : Alain Bideau
Download or read book Infant and Child Mortality in the Past written by Alain Bideau and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1997 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume examines the trends of early-age mortality across time and space and the methodological and theoretical problems inherent in such studies. The approach is interdisciplinary, with contributions from demography, biology, medicine, and economic and social history. The geographical range encompasses Europe, North America, Japan, and India.
Book Synopsis Determinants of Infant Mortality in Low, Middle, and High Income Countries by : Lalarukh Faiz
Download or read book Determinants of Infant Mortality in Low, Middle, and High Income Countries written by Lalarukh Faiz and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Neighborhoods and Health by : Dustin T. Duncan
Download or read book Neighborhoods and Health written by Dustin T. Duncan and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: THE GROUNDBREAKING, FORMATIVE WORK IN SPATIAL EPIDEMIOLOGY -- NOW UPDATED FOR A NEW GENERATION OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE IN PUBLIC HEALTH In 2003, Neighborhoods and Health codified the idea that a neighborhood's social and physical makeup can influence the health of people who live in it. More than a decade later, with the relationship between place and health firmly entrenched at the center of how we understand public health (and as its own scientific discipline, spatial epidemiology), this second edition of the landmark text offers another giant leap forward for the field. Offering both a synthesis of the essential research and a practical overview of the methods used to garner it, the second edition of Neighborhoods and Health is the essential guide to understanding this core component of contemporary population health -- both the journey to date and what's next.
Book Synopsis An Investigation of Racial Disparities in Infant Mortality Across the United States by : Crystal Pirtle Tyler
Download or read book An Investigation of Racial Disparities in Infant Mortality Across the United States written by Crystal Pirtle Tyler and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Demography of Aging by : National Research Council
Download or read book Demography of Aging written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1994-02-01 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the United States and the rest of the world face the unprecedented challenge of aging populations, this volume draws together for the first time state-of-the-art work from the emerging field of the demography of aging. The nine chapters, written by experts from a variety of disciplines, highlight data sources and research approaches, results, and proposed strategies on a topic with major policy implications for labor forces, economic well-being, health care, and the need for social and family supports.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309493439 Total Pages :195 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Integrating Social Care into the Delivery of Health Care by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Integrating Social Care into the Delivery of Health Care written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2020-01-30 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Integrating Social Care into the Delivery of Health Care: Moving Upstream to Improve the Nation's Health was released in September 2019, before the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a global pandemic in March 2020. Improving social conditions remains critical to improving health outcomes, and integrating social care into health care delivery is more relevant than ever in the context of the pandemic and increased strains placed on the U.S. health care system. The report and its related products ultimately aim to help improve health and health equity, during COVID-19 and beyond. The consistent and compelling evidence on how social determinants shape health has led to a growing recognition throughout the health care sector that improving health and health equity is likely to depend â€" at least in part â€" on mitigating adverse social determinants. This recognition has been bolstered by a shift in the health care sector towards value-based payment, which incentivizes improved health outcomes for persons and populations rather than service delivery alone. The combined result of these changes has been a growing emphasis on health care systems addressing patients' social risk factors and social needs with the aim of improving health outcomes. This may involve health care systems linking individual patients with government and community social services, but important questions need to be answered about when and how health care systems should integrate social care into their practices and what kinds of infrastructure are required to facilitate such activities. Integrating Social Care into the Delivery of Health Care: Moving Upstream to Improve the Nation's Health examines the potential for integrating services addressing social needs and the social determinants of health into the delivery of health care to achieve better health outcomes. This report assesses approaches to social care integration currently being taken by health care providers and systems, and new or emerging approaches and opportunities; current roles in such integration by different disciplines and organizations, and new or emerging roles and types of providers; and current and emerging efforts to design health care systems to improve the nation's health and reduce health inequities.
Book Synopsis Racial Disparities and Socioeconomic Variables as Related to Infant Mortality, Low Birth Weight and Preterm Birth by : Lorraine Cashin
Download or read book Racial Disparities and Socioeconomic Variables as Related to Infant Mortality, Low Birth Weight and Preterm Birth written by Lorraine Cashin and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
