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Social Preferences Occupational Choice And Labor Market Performance
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Book Synopsis Social Preferences, Occupational Choice and Labor Market Performance by : Ebru Isgin
Download or read book Social Preferences, Occupational Choice and Labor Market Performance written by Ebru Isgin and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first essay analyzes the role of information transparency on fairness and reciprocity in long-term labor market relationships. The main finding of the second chapter is that transparency serves as an effective mechanism to both improve worker welfare and total market efficiency. Fairness, which means that an increase in the generosity of a contract offer is reciprocated by an increase in the effort level, is a prominent concern under information transparency. When workers are informed about firms' productivity levels and potential profits, firms propose higher wages that represent a more fair division of total surplus. Workers respond to generous offers with high effort levels. However, workers' response to wages is not constant and depends on the following factors. It is elevated with information transparency. That is, for given wages, workers provide more effort under full information. It also depends on whether a wage offer represents a fair share of the final surplus. The second essay analyzes the role of information transparency and communication in short-term employment relationships. The evidence shows that the level of trust and reciprocity is significantly reduced if there is no contract renewal. While information transparency was critical in long-term relationships, it does not have a substantial effect in short-term relationships. Wage offers are lower and compressed regardless of how workers are informed. On the other hand, communication enhances trust and reciprocity more significantly than any other factor that is controlled for. The third essay studies the occupational choice of agents between working for wages and becoming entrepreneurs. The main finding is that policies that improve worker's welfare also improve the terms for entrepreneurs. If the tax rates on entrepreneurs and the working wages are raised, entry into entrepreneurship slows down. This increases the average quality and consequently, the average success rate of entrepreneurs when a high wage-high tax regime is adopted. The credit market offers lower interest rates to potential entrepreneurs due to higher average success rates. On the other hand, overconfidence exists among potential entrepreneurs. The average rate of success is lower with overconfidence, which only worsens the adverse selection problem in the credit market.
Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Women and the Economy by : Susan L. Averett
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Women and the Economy written by Susan L. Averett and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-05-15 with total page 889 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The transformation of women's lives over the past century is among the most significant and far-reaching of social and economic phenomena, affecting not only women but also their partners, children, and indeed nearly every person on the planet. In developed and developing countries alike, women are acquiring more education, marrying later, having fewer children, and spending a far greater amount of their adult lives in the labor force. Yet, because women remain the primary caregivers of children, issues such as work-life balance and the glass ceiling have given rise to critical policy discussions in the developed world. In developing countries, many women lack access to reproductive technology and are often relegated to jobs in the informal sector, where pay is variable and job security is weak. Considerable occupational segregation and stubborn gender pay gaps persist around the world. The Oxford Handbook of Women and the Economy is the first comprehensive collection of scholarly essays to address these issues using the powerful framework of economics. Each chapter, written by an acknowledged expert or team of experts, reviews the key trends, surveys the relevant economic theory, and summarizes and critiques the empirical research literature. By providing a clear-eyed view of what we know, what we do not know, and what the critical unanswered questions are, this Handbook provides an invaluable and wide-ranging examination of the many changes that have occurred in women's economic lives.
Book Synopsis Social Learning and Career Decision Making by : Anita M. Mitchell
Download or read book Social Learning and Career Decision Making written by Anita M. Mitchell and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Work-Lifestyle Choices in the 21st Century by : Catherine Hakim
Download or read book Work-Lifestyle Choices in the 21st Century written by Catherine Hakim and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2000-11-02 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, Hakim presents a new, multi-disciplinary theory for explaining and predicting current and future patterns of women's choice between employment and family work. Preference theory is the first theory developed specifically to explain women's behaviour and choices. As such, it constitutes a major break from male-centred theorizing to date in sociology and economics. Preference theory is grounded on the substantial body of new research on women's work and fertility that has flourished within feminist scholarship. It identifies five major historical changes that collectively are producing a qualitatively new scenario for women in prosperous societies in the 21st century. Throughout the analysis, the USA and Britain illustrate what the new scenario means for women, how it alters their preferences and work-lifestyles choices. Hakim also reviews research evidence on contemporary developments across Europe, Canada, Australia, Japan, and the far East to develop a new theory that is genuine international in perspective.
Download or read book Working Paper written by Trine Filges and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Career Preferences and Socio-economic Background$h by : Paul Schüle
Download or read book Career Preferences and Socio-economic Background$h written by Paul Schüle and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Career decisions, that is educational and occupational choice, are not only made by comparing expected incomes, but also by considering non-monetary rewards like social impact, chances of promotion, or the compatibility of work and family. In this paper, I use rich panel data from Germany to show that preferences about such aspects of a career as stated at age 17 are strong predictors of future earnings in the labor market. At the same time, these preferences differ significantly by socio-economic background, and intergenerational income persistence is reduced by 8-22 percent when accounting for career preferences.
Book Synopsis Adolescence and Work by : David Stern
Download or read book Adolescence and Work written by David Stern and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-06-17 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume illustrates connections between the concerns of vocational psychology and the adjoining disciplines of sociology, cultural anthropology, and labor economics. The intent is to suggest how vocational psychology and career counseling might recognize more explicitly the ever-changing social influences and institutional constraints that affect individual as they begin,or contemplate beginning, their adult work.
Book Synopsis The Changing Nature of Work by : National Research Council
Download or read book The Changing Nature of Work written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-09-07 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although there is great debate about how work is changing, there is a clear consensus that changes are fundamental and ongoing. The Changing Nature of Work examines the evidence for change in the world of work. The committee provides a clearly illustrated framework for understanding changes in work and these implications for analyzing the structure of occupations in both the civilian and military sectors. This volume explores the increasing demographic diversity of the workforce, the fluidity of boundaries between lines of work, the interdependent choices for how work is structured-and ultimately, the need for an integrated systematic approach to understanding how work is changing. The book offers a rich array of data and highlighted examples on: Markets, technology, and many other external conditions affecting the nature of work. Research findings on American workers and how they feel about work. Downsizing and the trend toward flatter organizational hierarchies. Autonomy, complexity, and other aspects of work structure. The committee reviews the evolution of occupational analysis and examines the effectiveness of the latest systems in characterizing current and projected changes in civilian and military work. The occupational structure and changing work requirements in the Army are presented as a case study.
Book Synopsis Occupational Careers by : Walter L. Slocum
Download or read book Occupational Careers written by Walter L. Slocum and published by Transaction Publishers. This book was released on 1974 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Caught in the Cultural Preference Net by : Michael J. Camasso
Download or read book Caught in the Cultural Preference Net written by Michael J. Camasso and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2021 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents and analyzes the work-related attitudes, beliefs, and preferences of three generation of people in Sweden, Germany, Italy, Spain, India, and the United States. Camasso and Jagannathan dig into why these differences hinder efforts to create international and equal standards of labor overtime and how these value orientation influence productivity and quality of life on a global scale.
Book Synopsis Occupation and Gender by : Patricia Cortes
Download or read book Occupation and Gender written by Patricia Cortes and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Occupational differences by gender remain a common feature of labor markets. We begin by documenting recent trends in occupational segregation and its implications. We then review recent empirical research, focusing on new classes of explanations that emphasize the role of gender differences in psychological traits, preferences for non-pecuniary (family-friendly) job characteristics, personality traits, and skills. Using detailed data on occupational work content from O*NET linked to the American Community Survey (ACS), we examine how the various job attributes identified in the literature affect men and women?s occupational choices and the gender wage gap. Finally, we consider the role of gender identity and social norms in shaping occupational choice and preferences for various job attributes. We conclude with policy implications and suggestions for future research."--Abstract.
Book Synopsis Transitions through the Labor Market by : Solomon W. Polachek
Download or read book Transitions through the Labor Market written by Solomon W. Polachek and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2018-08-09 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains seven original and innovative articles which analyze labor market transitions, how individuals progress from school to work, choose a particular occupation, move up the job ladder, and finally withdraw from the workforce to retirement. Investigations are done by race and gender; and social implications are examined.
Book Synopsis Unexplored Dimensions of Discrimination by : Tito Boeri
Download or read book Unexplored Dimensions of Discrimination written by Tito Boeri and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2015-03-12 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using newly collected and existing data and modern econometric approaches, this book analyses the gender wage gap as well as less explored dimensions of discrimination such as religion, sexual orientation, and physical appearance. Part One focuses on gender. Using a newly collected database for Italy, it analyses the relevance of transition from school to work, and in particular the choice of college major, in determining the gender earning gap. It also analyses the role of family and of discrimination on the job as a potential source of this gap, using additional data from Spain and the US. Part Two analyses different forms of discrimination towards individuals in the labor market. In particular, it examines the potential for discrimination of sexual orientation, religion, and physical appearance and weight. The analysis is conducted by means of a survey of the existing literature and by an empirical analysis, using European data as well as Italian data collected through an experimental design.
Book Synopsis Labor Market Power and Occupational Choice by : Felipe Balmaceda
Download or read book Labor Market Power and Occupational Choice written by Felipe Balmaceda and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper integrates labor market power and occupational choice, specifically the choice between paid employment and self-employment, to examine the mutual effects between the two. Neglecting the consideration of occupational choice leads to upwardly biased estimates regarding the influence of labor market power on wages, while simultaneously underestimating the returns to skills. Similarly, disregarding labor market power results in biased estimates favoring increased participation in paid employment and higher-income individuals engaging in self-employment. The model employed in this paper allows for the investigation of how labor market power and occupational choice impact wage inequality, skill mismatch, and skills acquisition. Furthermore, the study examines the potential of minimum wages, taxes, and subsidies to mitigate labor market power and its associated consequences.
Book Synopsis Social Preferences, Sorting, and Signaling by : Sebastian Fehrler
Download or read book Social Preferences, Sorting, and Signaling written by Sebastian Fehrler and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Changing Nature of Work by : National Research Council
Download or read book The Changing Nature of Work written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-10-07 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although there is great debate about how work is changing, there is a clear consensus that changes are fundamental and ongoing. The Changing Nature of Work examines the evidence for change in the world of work. The committee provides a clearly illustrated framework for understanding changes in work and these implications for analyzing the structure of occupations in both the civilian and military sectors. This volume explores the increasing demographic diversity of the workforce, the fluidity of boundaries between lines of work, the interdependent choices for how work is structured-and ultimately, the need for an integrated systematic approach to understanding how work is changing. The book offers a rich array of data and highlighted examples on: Markets, technology, and many other external conditions affecting the nature of work. Research findings on American workers and how they feel about work. Downsizing and the trend toward flatter organizational hierarchies. Autonomy, complexity, and other aspects of work structure. The committee reviews the evolution of occupational analysis and examines the effectiveness of the latest systems in characterizing current and projected changes in civilian and military work. The occupational structure and changing work requirements in the Army are presented as a case study.
Book Synopsis Vocational Interests in the Workplace by : Christopher D. Nye
Download or read book Vocational Interests in the Workplace written by Christopher D. Nye and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-05-29 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vocational Interests in the Workplace is an essential new work, tying together past literature with contemporary research to present the most comprehensive coverage on vocational interests to date. With increasing recognition of the importance of vocational interests and their relevance to the workplace, this book emphasizes the strong links between vocational interests and work behavior. It proposes new models and approaches that facilitate thorough exploration of the implications of this relationship between interests and practice. The authors, drawing on knowledge and experience from a range of professional backgrounds, cover essential topics, including: interest measurement; personnel selection; motivation and performance; expertise; meaningful work; effects of a global business environment; diversity; and the ongoing development of interests through adulthood to retirement. Endorsed by the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology board, this book is a valuable resource for researchers, professionals, and educators in the fields of human resources, organizational behaviour, and industrial or organizational psychology.
