Social Media And Your Brain

Download Social Media And Your Brain full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Social Media And Your Brain ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!

Social Media and Your Brain

Author : C.G. Prado
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 203 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (161 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Social Media and Your Brain by : C.G. Prado

Download or read book Social Media and Your Brain written by C.G. Prado and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2016-11-21 with total page 203 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While society has widely condemned the effects on preteens and teens' natural social maturation of digitally enabled communication, such as texting and messaging, and of social media apps, such as Facebook, Instagram, and SnapChat, these forms of communication are adversely affecting everyone, including adults. This book examines how social media and modern communication methods are isolating users socially, jeopardizing their intellectual habits, and, as a result, decreasing their chances of achieving social and professional success. The ubiquitous use of the Internet and social media is changing our society—in some ways, for the worse. Use of social media, the Internet, and other purely digital and less-personal communication methods are distorting the intellectual and social maturation of teens and preteens in particular—those among us who were born into and raised with Internet technology. People's ability to read facial expressions, interpret subtle differences in spoken intonation, and perceive body language is in significant decline due to the use of social media and the Internet largely replacing direct, face-to-face contact with other human beings. This book documents how changes in our daily behavior caused by the proliferation of social media are reshaping individuals' personalities and causing an evolution of the character of our society as a whole. Readers will understand how these important changes came about and how more connectivity all too often leads to more ignorance and less comprehension, and will consider solutions that could counter the negative effects of being "too connected, too often."

This Is Your Brain on Stereotypes

Author : Tanya Lloyd Kyi
Publisher : Kids Can Press Ltd
ISBN 13 : 1525306111
Total Pages : 88 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (253 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis This Is Your Brain on Stereotypes by : Tanya Lloyd Kyi

Download or read book This Is Your Brain on Stereotypes written by Tanya Lloyd Kyi and published by Kids Can Press Ltd. This book was released on 2020-09-01 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An introduction to the science behind stereotypes. From the time we’re babies, our brains sort and label the world around us — a necessary skill for survival. But there’s a downside: we also do it to groups of people in ways that can be harmful. With loads of examples, here’s a scientific overview of stereotyping, covering the history of identifying stereotypes, secret biases in our brains, how stereotypes affect our sense of self, and current research into the ways that science can help us overcome them. Adolescents are all too familiar with stereotypes. Here’s why our brains create stereotypes, and how science can help us do it less.

The Shallows: What the Internet Is Doing to Our Brains

Author : Nicholas Carr
Publisher : W. W. Norton & Company
ISBN 13 : 9780393079364
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (793 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Shallows: What the Internet Is Doing to Our Brains by : Nicholas Carr

Download or read book The Shallows: What the Internet Is Doing to Our Brains written by Nicholas Carr and published by W. W. Norton & Company. This book was released on 2011-06-06 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Finalist for the 2011 Pulitzer Prize in General Nonfiction: “Nicholas Carr has written a Silent Spring for the literary mind.”—Michael Agger, Slate “Is Google making us stupid?” When Nicholas Carr posed that question, in a celebrated Atlantic Monthly cover story, he tapped into a well of anxiety about how the Internet is changing us. He also crystallized one of the most important debates of our time: As we enjoy the Net’s bounties, are we sacrificing our ability to read and think deeply? Now, Carr expands his argument into the most compelling exploration of the Internet’s intellectual and cultural consequences yet published. As he describes how human thought has been shaped through the centuries by “tools of the mind”—from the alphabet to maps, to the printing press, the clock, and the computer—Carr interweaves a fascinating account of recent discoveries in neuroscience by such pioneers as Michael Merzenich and Eric Kandel. Our brains, the historical and scientific evidence reveals, change in response to our experiences. The technologies we use to find, store, and share information can literally reroute our neural pathways. Building on the insights of thinkers from Plato to McLuhan, Carr makes a convincing case that every information technology carries an intellectual ethic—a set of assumptions about the nature of knowledge and intelligence. He explains how the printed book served to focus our attention, promoting deep and creative thought. In stark contrast, the Internet encourages the rapid, distracted sampling of small bits of information from many sources. Its ethic is that of the industrialist, an ethic of speed and efficiency, of optimized production and consumption—and now the Net is remaking us in its own image. We are becoming ever more adept at scanning and skimming, but what we are losing is our capacity for concentration, contemplation, and reflection. Part intellectual history, part popular science, and part cultural criticism, The Shallows sparkles with memorable vignettes—Friedrich Nietzsche wrestling with a typewriter, Sigmund Freud dissecting the brains of sea creatures, Nathaniel Hawthorne contemplating the thunderous approach of a steam locomotive—even as it plumbs profound questions about the state of our modern psyche. This is a book that will forever alter the way we think about media and our minds.

The Highly Sensitive Brain

Author : Bianca P. Acevedo
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128182520
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Highly Sensitive Brain by : Bianca P. Acevedo

Download or read book The Highly Sensitive Brain written by Bianca P. Acevedo and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-05-16 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Highly Sensitive Brain is the first handbook to cover the science, measurement, and clinical discussion of sensory processing sensitivity (SPS), a trait associated with enhanced responsivity, awareness, depth-of-processing and attunement to the environment and other individuals. Grounded in theoretical models of high sensitivity, this volume discusses the assessment of SPS in children and adults, as well as its health and social outcomes. This edition also synthesizes up-to-date research on the biological mechanisms associated with high sensitivity, such as its neural and genetic basis. It also discusses clinical issues related to SPS and seemingly-related disorders such as misophonia, a hyper-sensitivity to specific sounds. In addition, to practical assessment of SPS embedded throughout this volume is discussion of the biological basis of SPS, exploring why this trait exists and persists in humansand other species. The Highly Sensitive Brain is a useful handbook and may be of special interest to clinicians, physicians, health-care workers, educators, and researchers. Presents a neurobiological perspective of sensory processing sensitivity (SPS) Provides assessment criteria and measurement tools for highly sensitive children and adults Discusses the health and social outcomes of being highly sensitive in children and adults Examines clinical issues related to high sensitivity Offers practical applications and a future vision for integrating high sensitivity in our society

Social

Author : Matthew D. Lieberman
Publisher : Crown
ISBN 13 : 0307889114
Total Pages : 442 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (78 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Social by : Matthew D. Lieberman

Download or read book Social written by Matthew D. Lieberman and published by Crown. This book was released on 2013-10-08 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We are profoundly social creatures--more than we know. In Social, renowned psychologist Matthew Lieberman explores groundbreaking research in social neuroscience revealing that our need to connect with other people is even more fundamental, more basic, than our need for food or shelter. Because of this, our brain uses its spare time to learn about the social world--other people and our relation to them. It is believed that we must commit 10,000 hours to master a skill. According to Lieberman, each of us has spent 10,000 hours learning to make sense of people and groups by the time we are ten. Social argues that our need to reach out to and connect with others is a primary driver behind our behavior. We believe that pain and pleasure alone guide our actions. Yet, new research using fMRI--including a great deal of original research conducted by Lieberman and his UCLA lab--shows that our brains react to social pain and pleasure in much the same way as they do to physical pain and pleasure. Fortunately, the brain has evolved sophisticated mechanisms for securing our place in the social world. We have a unique ability to read other people’s minds, to figure out their hopes, fears, and motivations, allowing us to effectively coordinate our lives with one another. And our most private sense of who we are is intimately linked to the important people and groups in our lives. This wiring often leads us to restrain our selfish impulses for the greater good. These mechanisms lead to behavior that might seem irrational, but is really just the result of our deep social wiring and necessary for our success as a species. Based on the latest cutting edge research, the findings in Social have important real-world implications. Our schools and businesses, for example, attempt to minimalize social distractions. But this is exactly the wrong thing to do to encourage engagement and learning, and literally shuts down the social brain, leaving powerful neuro-cognitive resources untapped. The insights revealed in this pioneering book suggest ways to improve learning in schools, make the workplace more productive, and improve our overall well-being.

This Is Your Brain on Social Media

Author : Ian McWethy
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781680690842
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (98 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis This Is Your Brain on Social Media by : Ian McWethy

Download or read book This Is Your Brain on Social Media written by Ian McWethy and published by . This book was released on 2018-03-20 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Offline

Author : Imran Rashid
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0857087932
Total Pages : 228 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (57 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Offline by : Imran Rashid

Download or read book Offline written by Imran Rashid and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-02-26 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Authors Imran Rashid and Soren Kenner have sparked an international debate by revealing the “mind hacks” Facebook, Apple, Google, and Instagram use to get you and your children hooked on their products. In Offline, they deliver an eye-opening research-based journey into the world of tech giants, smartphones, social engineering, and subconscious manipulation. This provocative work shows you how digital devices change individuals and communities for better and worse. A must-read if you or your kids use smartphones or tablets and spend time browsing social networks, playing online games or even just browsing sites with news and entertainment. Learn how to recognize ‘mind hacks’ and avoid the potentially disastrous side-effects of digital pollution. Unplug from the matrix. Learn digital habits that work for you.

Think Before You Like

Author : Guy P. Harrison
Publisher : Prometheus Books
ISBN 13 : 1633883515
Total Pages : 382 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (338 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Think Before You Like by : Guy P. Harrison

Download or read book Think Before You Like written by Guy P. Harrison and published by Prometheus Books. This book was released on 2017 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Social media has pitfalls: misinformation, pseudoscience, fraud, and irrational beliefs, presented in an attractive, easy-to-share form. It reinforces your biases by tracking your preferences: it sends only filtered newsfeeds, so that you rarely see anything that might challenge your set notions. Harrison demonstrates how critical thinking can enhance the benefits of social media, while giving readers the skills to guard against its dangers. He also suggests ways to protect yourself against privacy invasion, trolls, and the confusion over fake news versus credible journalism.

Why Social Media is Ruining Your Life

Author : Katherine Ormerod
Publisher : Hachette UK
ISBN 13 : 1788401409
Total Pages : 27 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (884 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Why Social Media is Ruining Your Life by : Katherine Ormerod

Download or read book Why Social Media is Ruining Your Life written by Katherine Ormerod and published by Hachette UK. This book was released on 2018-09-10 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: **FREE SAMPLER** 'This book is a call to arms from the eye of the storm' - Emma Gannon, author of The Multi Hyphen Method Do you ever obsess about your body? Do you lie awake at night, fretting about the state of your career? Does everyone else's life seem better than yours? Does it feel as if you'll never be good enough? Get a first glimpse of Why Social Media is Ruining Your Life with this exclusive free sampler, and learn how to tackle head on the pressure cooker of comparison and unreachable levels of perfection that social media has created in our modern world. In this book, Katherine Ormerod meets the experts involved in curating, building and combating the most addictive digital force humankind has ever created. From global influencers - who collectively have over 10 million followers - to clinical psychologists, plastic surgeons and professors, Katherine uncovers how our relationship with social media has rewired our behavioural patterns, destroyed our confidence and shattered our attention spans. Why Social Media is Ruining Your Life is a call to arms that will provide you with the knowledge, tactics and weaponry you need to find a more healthy way to consume social media and reclaim your happiness.

Your Money and Your Brain

Author : Jason Zweig
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 1416539794
Total Pages : 400 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (165 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Your Money and Your Brain by : Jason Zweig

Download or read book Your Money and Your Brain written by Jason Zweig and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2007-09-04 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drawing on the latest scientific research, Jason Zweig shows what happens in your brain when you think about money and tells investors how to take practical, simple steps to avoid common mistakes and become more successful. What happens inside our brains when we think about money? Quite a lot, actually, and some of it isn’t good for our financial health. In Your Money and Your Brain, Jason Zweig explains why smart people make stupid financial decisions—and what they can do to avoid these mistakes. Zweig, a veteran financial journalist, draws on the latest research in neuroeconomics, a fascinating new discipline that combines psychology, neuroscience, and economics to better understand financial decision making. He shows why we often misunderstand risk and why we tend to be overconfident about our investment decisions. Your Money and Your Brain offers some radical new insights into investing and shows investors how to take control of the battlefield between reason and emotion. Your Money and Your Brain is as entertaining as it is enlightening. In the course of his research, Zweig visited leading neuroscience laboratories and subjected himself to numerous experiments. He blends anecdotes from these experiences with stories about investing mistakes, including confessions of stupidity from some highly successful people. Then he draws lessons and offers original practical steps that investors can take to make wiser decisions. Anyone who has ever looked back on a financial decision and said, “How could I have been so stupid?” will benefit from reading this book.

Dark Persuasion

Author : Joel E. Dimsdale
Publisher : Yale University Press
ISBN 13 : 0300247176
Total Pages : 301 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (2 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Dark Persuasion by : Joel E. Dimsdale

Download or read book Dark Persuasion written by Joel E. Dimsdale and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2021-08-10 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A harrowing account of brainwashing’s pervasive role in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries This gripping book traces the evolution of brainwashing from its beginnings in torture and religious conversion into the age of neuroscience and social media. When Pavlov introduced scientific approaches, his research was enthusiastically supported by Lenin and Stalin, setting the stage for major breakthroughs in tools for social, political, and religious control. Tracing these developments through many of the past century’s major conflagrations, Dimsdale narrates how when World War II erupted, governments secretly raced to develop drugs for interrogation. Brainwashing returned to the spotlight during the Cold War in the hands of the North Koreans and Chinese. In response, a huge Manhattan Project of the Mind was established to study memory obliteration, indoctrination during sleep, and hallucinogens. Cults used the techniques as well. Nobel laureates, university academics, intelligence operatives, criminals, and clerics all populate this shattering and dark story—one that hasn’t yet ended.

Rewired

Author : Carl D. Marci MD
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674275861
Total Pages : 281 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (742 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Rewired by : Carl D. Marci MD

Download or read book Rewired written by Carl D. Marci MD and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2022-05-17 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Living in an age of digital distraction has wreaked havoc on our brains—but there’s much we can do to restore our tech–life balance. We live in a world that is always on, where everyone is always connected. But we feel increasingly disconnected. Why? The answer lies in our brains. Carl D. Marci, MD, a leading expert on social and consumer neuroscience, reviews the mounting evidence that overuse of smart phones and social media is rewiring our brains, resulting in a losing deal: we are neglecting the relationships that sustain us and keep us healthy in favor of weaker and more ephemeral ties. The ability to connect and form strong social bonds is fundamental to human experience and emerged through unique structures in our brains. But ever-more-powerful technologies and ubiquitous access to media have hijacked our need to connect intimately and emotionally with others. The quick highs of clicking “like” and swiping right overstimulate the same neurological reward centers associated with social relationships. The habits that accompany our digital lifestyles are putting tremendous pressure on critical components of the brain associated with attention, emotion, and memory, changing how we process information and altering how we communicate and relate, even at a physiological level. As a psychiatrist working at the forefront of research on the impact of digital technology, Marci has seen this transformation up close and developed a range of responses. Rewired provides scientifically supported solutions for everyone who wants to restore their tech–life balance—from parents concerned about their children’s exposure to the internet to stressed workers dealing with the deluge of emails and managing the expectation of 24/7 availability.

Supercharge Your Brain

Author : James Goodwin
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 1643138685
Total Pages : 317 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (431 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Supercharge Your Brain by : James Goodwin

Download or read book Supercharge Your Brain written by James Goodwin and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2022-01-04 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The definitive guide to keeping your brain healthy for a long and lucid life, by one of the world's leading scientists in the field of brain health and ageing. The brain is our most vital and complex organ. It controls and coordinates our actions, thoughts and interactions with the world around us. It is the source of personality, of our sense of self, and it shapes every aspect of our human experience. Yet most of us know precious little about how our brains actually work, or what we can do to optimise their performance. Whilst cognitive decline is the biggest long-term health worry for many of us, practical knowledge of how to look after our brain is thin on the ground. In this ground-breaking new book, leading expert Professor James Goodwin explains how simple strategies concerning exercise, diet, social life, and sleep can transform your brain health paradigm, and shows how you can keep your brain youthful and stay sharp across your life. Combining the latest scientific research with insightful storytelling and practical advice, Supercharge Your Brain reveals everything you need to know about how your brain functions, and what you can do to keep it in peak condition.

The Shallows

Author : Nicholas Carr
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781838952587
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (525 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Shallows by : Nicholas Carr

Download or read book The Shallows written by Nicholas Carr and published by . This book was released on 2020-09-29 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 10th-anniversary edition of this landmark investigation into how the Internet is dramatically changing how we think, remember and interact, with a new afterword.

The Hype Machine

Author : Sinan Aral
Publisher : Currency
ISBN 13 : 0525574522
Total Pages : 417 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (255 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Hype Machine by : Sinan Aral

Download or read book The Hype Machine written by Sinan Aral and published by Currency. This book was released on 2020-09-15 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A landmark insider’s tour of how social media affects our decision-making and shapes our world in ways both useful and dangerous, with critical insights into the social media trends of the 2020 election and beyond “The book might be described as prophetic. . . . At least two of Aral’s three predictions have come to fruition.”—New York NAMED ONE OF THE BEST BOOKS OF THE YEAR BY WIRED • LONGLISTED FOR THE PORCHLIGHT BUSINESS BOOK AWARD Social media connected the world—and gave rise to fake news and increasing polarization. It is paramount, MIT professor Sinan Aral says, that we recognize the outsize effect social media has on us—on our politics, our economy, and even our personal health—in order to steer today’s social technology toward its great promise while avoiding the ways it can pull us apart. Drawing on decades of his own research and business experience, Aral goes under the hood of the most powerful social networks to tackle the critical question of just how much social media actually shapes our choices, for better or worse. He shows how the tech behind social media offers the same set of behavior influencing levers to everyone who hopes to change the way we think and act—from Russian hackers to brand marketers—which is why its consequences affect everything from elections to business, dating to health. Along the way, he covers a wide array of topics, including how network effects fuel Twitter’s and Facebook’s massive growth, the neuroscience of how social media affects our brains, the real consequences of fake news, the power of social ratings, and the impact of social media on our kids. In mapping out strategies for being more thoughtful consumers of social media, The Hype Machine offers the definitive guide to understanding and harnessing for good the technology that has redefined our world overnight.

The Hacking of the American Mind

Author : Robert H. Lustig
Publisher : Penguin
ISBN 13 : 1101982594
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (19 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Hacking of the American Mind by : Robert H. Lustig

Download or read book The Hacking of the American Mind written by Robert H. Lustig and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2017-09-12 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Explores how industry has manipulated our most deep-seated survival instincts."—David Perlmutter, MD, Author, #1 New York Times bestseller, Grain Brain and Brain Maker The New York Times–bestselling author of Fat Chance reveals the corporate scheme to sell pleasure, driving the international epidemic of addiction, depression, and chronic disease. While researching the toxic and addictive properties of sugar for his New York Times bestseller Fat Chance, Robert Lustig made an alarming discovery—our pursuit of happiness is being subverted by a culture of addiction and depression from which we may never recover. Dopamine is the “reward” neurotransmitter that tells our brains we want more; yet every substance or behavior that releases dopamine in the extreme leads to addiction. Serotonin is the “contentment” neurotransmitter that tells our brains we don’t need any more; yet its deficiency leads to depression. Ideally, both are in optimal supply. Yet dopamine evolved to overwhelm serotonin—because our ancestors were more likely to survive if they were constantly motivated—with the result that constant desire can chemically destroy our ability to feel happiness, while sending us down the slippery slope to addiction. In the last forty years, government legislation and subsidies have promoted ever-available temptation (sugar, drugs, social media, porn) combined with constant stress (work, home, money, Internet), with the end result of an unprecedented epidemic of addiction, anxiety, depression, and chronic disease. And with the advent of neuromarketing, corporate America has successfully imprisoned us in an endless loop of desire and consumption from which there is no obvious escape. With his customary wit and incisiveness, Lustig not only reveals the science that drives these states of mind, he points his finger directly at the corporations that helped create this mess, and the government actors who facilitated it, and he offers solutions we can all use in the pursuit of happiness, even in the face of overwhelming opposition. Always fearless and provocative, Lustig marshals a call to action, with seminal implications for our health, our well-being, and our culture.

From Smartphones to Social Media

Author : Mark Carrier
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 413 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (16 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis From Smartphones to Social Media by : Mark Carrier

Download or read book From Smartphones to Social Media written by Mark Carrier and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2018-10-18 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines how today's technology, as it includes smartphones, computers, and the internet, shapes our physical health, cognitive and psychological development, and interactions with one another and the world around us. Technology has become a ubiquitous part of modern life, but its impact on our physical, psychological, and social health and development runs just as deep as does our dependence upon it. How is the development of babies' brains affected by their playing with their parents' smartphones and tablets? How have computers altered the way we process and learn information? How have texting and social networking sites such as Facebook changed the way in which we interact with others? Can online dating lead to meaningful real-world relationships? From Smartphones to Social Media investigates these questions and many complex issues related to technology. Readers will discover what researchers know about how the use of technology affects us through accessibly written, thematic chapters. The main text is complemented by a collection of case studies and interviews with a variety of experts, providing insight into how technology's positive and negative effects manifest in our everyday lives and what we can do to mediate the negative ones.