Social Expectations And Perception

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Social Expectations and Perception

Author : Michael A. Barendse
Publisher : Penn State University Press
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 96 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Social Expectations and Perception by : Michael A. Barendse

Download or read book Social Expectations and Perception written by Michael A. Barendse and published by Penn State University Press. This book was released on 1981 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study was prompted by the author's observation of a sharp dichotomy in interpretations written before and after the mid-1960s--relying largely on the same data--regarding the impact of Slavic immigrants on the Pennsylvania anthracite fields. Investigations dated between 1902 and 1964 blamed the Slavic immigrants for the exploitation of anthracite mines, the failure of unionization until 1902, and the relative social backwardness of Northeastern Pennsylvania. The old view led to the "split labor market" theory, which holds that immigrants tend to divide the labor market by their willingness to work for lower wages than those demanded by the established work force. Since 1964 historians such as Victor Greene and Harold Aurand have shown that Slavic immigrants in the anthracite fields were in fact a progressive social influence. Dr. Barendse starts with a hypothesis to explain the interpretive dichotomy: that social reality is a cultural construct created out of the perceptions and expectations of its creators, even when these are professional historians and social scientists. According to this hypothesis--based on studies in the sociology of knowledge by Goffman, Berger, and Luckman--pre-1964 experts expected Slavic immigrants to be poorly adapted to the social environment of the coal region and therefore perceived the behavior they studied as confirmation of that expectation. A very different picture emerges when the same source material is examined without such biases: the Slavic immigrants, despite alien languages and customs, made a remarkably fast adjustment in the 1890-1902 period, as attested to by their acquiring real estate, founding complex organizations such as the Polish National Church, demanding equal treatment on the job, and spearheading United Mine Workers organizing strikes. The monograph includes a brief history of the anthracite industry from 1740 to 1890 (when the Slavs arrived), a survey of immigration history, and an epilogue on the assimilation of Slavic-Americans into American society down to the present.

Social Psychology

Author : Daniel W. Barrett
Publisher : SAGE Publications
ISBN 13 : 1506310591
Total Pages : 697 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (63 download)

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Book Synopsis Social Psychology by : Daniel W. Barrett

Download or read book Social Psychology written by Daniel W. Barrett and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 2015-12-19 with total page 697 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Employing a lively and accessible writing style, author Daniel W. Barrett integrates up-to-date coverage of social psychology’s core theories, concepts, and research with a discussion of emerging developments in the field—including social neuroscience and the social psychology of happiness, religion, and sustainability. Social Psychology: Core Concepts and Emerging Trends presents engaging examples, Applying Social Psychology sections, and a wealth of pedagogical features to help readers cultivate a deep understanding of the causes of social behavior.

Social Psychology of Visual Perception

Author : Emily Balcetis
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 1136945520
Total Pages : 780 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (369 download)

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Book Synopsis Social Psychology of Visual Perception by : Emily Balcetis

Download or read book Social Psychology of Visual Perception written by Emily Balcetis and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2010-05-31 with total page 780 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume takes a contemporary and novel look at how people see the world around them. We generally believe we see our surroundings and everything in it with complete accuracy. However, as the contributions to this volume argue, this assumption is wrong: people’s view of their world is cloudy at best. Social Psychology of Visual Perception is a thorough examination of the nature and determinants of visual perception, which integrates work on social psychology and vision. It is the first broad-based volume to integrate specific sub-areas into the study of vision, including goals and wishes, sex and gender, emotions, culture, race, and age. The volume tackles a range of engaging issues, such as what is happening in the brain when people look at attractive faces, or if the way our eyes move around influences how happy we are and could help us reduce stress. It reveals that sexual desire, our own sexual orientation, and our race affect what types of people capture our attention. It explores whether our brains and eyes work differently when we are scared or disgusted, or when we grow up in Asia rather than North America. The multiple perspectives in the book will appeal to researchers and students in range of disciplines, including social psychology, cognition, evolutionary psychology, and neuroscience.

Social Perception and Social Reality

Author : Lee Jussim
Publisher : OUP USA
ISBN 13 : 0195366603
Total Pages : 485 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (953 download)

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Book Synopsis Social Perception and Social Reality by : Lee Jussim

Download or read book Social Perception and Social Reality written by Lee Jussim and published by OUP USA. This book was released on 2012-04-06 with total page 485 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This title contests the received wisdom in the field of social psychology that suggests that social perception and judgment are generally flawed, biased, and powerfully self-fulfilling.

Sociolinguistics

Author : Lesley Milroy
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0470758201
Total Pages : 281 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (77 download)

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Book Synopsis Sociolinguistics by : Lesley Milroy

Download or read book Sociolinguistics written by Lesley Milroy and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sociolinguistics: Method and Interpretation presents a thorough and practical description of current sociolinguistic methodology while recognizing that methodological decisions can never be separated from questions of theory. Presents a thorough and practical description of current sociolinguistic methodology. Considers a range of issues including speaker selection, data collection, social considerations, phonological and syntactical variation, style-shifting and code-switching. Recognizes that methodological decisions can never be separated from questions of theory. Stresses the need for the entire research process from the initial design of the project to the interpretation of results to be grounded in theoretically defensible positions. Shows how the research paradigm established by a few influential pioneers has been fruitfully expanded by exciting new trends.

Synesthesia

Author : Lynn C. Robertson
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 019516623X
Total Pages : 279 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (951 download)

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Book Synopsis Synesthesia by : Lynn C. Robertson

Download or read book Synesthesia written by Lynn C. Robertson and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2005 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Owing to its bizarre nature and its implications for understanding how brains work, synesthesia has recently received a lot of attention in the popular press and motivated a great deal of research and discussion among scientists. The questions generated by these two communities are intriguing: Does the synesthetic phenomenon require awareness and attention? How does a feature that is not present become bound to one that is? Does synesthesia develop or is it hard wired? Should it change our way of thinking about perceptual experience in general? What is its value in understanding perceptual systems as a whole?This volume brings together a distinguished group of investigators from diverse backgrounds--among them neuroscientists, novelists, and synesthetes themselves--who provide fascinating answers to these questions. Although each approaches synesthesia from a very different perspective, and each was curious about and investigated synesthesia for very different reasons, the similarities between their work cannot be ignored. The research presented in this volume demonstrates that it is no longer reasonable to ask whether or not synesthesia is real--we must now ask how we can account for it from cognitive, neurobiological, developmental, and evolutionary perspectives. This book will be important reading for any scientist interested in brain and mind, not to mention synesthetes themselves, and others who might be wondering what all the fuss is about.

The Perception of People

Author : Perry R. Hinton
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317481305
Total Pages : 315 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (174 download)

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Book Synopsis The Perception of People by : Perry R. Hinton

Download or read book The Perception of People written by Perry R. Hinton and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-09-16 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What are other people like? How do we decide if someone is friendly, honest or clever? What assumptions do we develop about them and what explanations do we give for their behaviour? The Perception of People examines key topics in psychology to explore how we make sense of other people (and ourselves). Do our decisions result from careful consideration and a desire to produce an accurate perception? Or do we jump to conclusions in our judgements and rely on expectations and stereotypes? To answer these questions the book examines models of person perception and provides an up-to-date and detailed account of the central psychological research in this area, focusing in particular on the social cognitive approach. It also considers and reflects on the involvement of culture in cognition, and includes coverage of relevant research in culture and language that influence the way we think and speak about others. As well as providing a valuable text in social psychology, The Perception of People also offers a direction for the integration of ideas from cognitive and social psychology with those of cultural psychology, anthropology, sociology, philosophy and social history. Clear explanation of modern research is placed in historical and cultural context to provide a fuller understanding of how psychologists have worked to understand how people interpret the world around them and make sense of the people within it. Ideal reading for students of social psychology, this engaging text will also be useful in subject areas such as communication studies and media studies, where the perception of people is highly relevant.

Thinking about Society: Theory and Practice

Author : Ian Jarvie
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9789027720689
Total Pages : 550 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (26 download)

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Book Synopsis Thinking about Society: Theory and Practice by : Ian Jarvie

Download or read book Thinking about Society: Theory and Practice written by Ian Jarvie and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1986 with total page 550 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: I. C. Jarvie was trained as a social anthropologist in the center of British social anthropology - the London School of Economics, where Bronislaw Malinowski was the object of ancestor worship. Jarvie's doctorate was in philosophy, however, under the guidance of Karl Popper and John Watkins. He changed his department not as a defector but as a rebel, attempting to exorcize the ancestral spirit. He criticized the method of participant obser vation not as useless but as not comprehensive: it is neither necessary nor sufficient for the making of certain contributions to anthropology; rather, it all depends on the problem-situation. And so Jarvie remained an anthro pologist at heart, who, in addition to some studies in rather conventional anthropological or sociological molds, also studied the tribe of social scien tists, but also critically examining their problems - especially their overall, rather philosophical problems, but not always so: a few of the studies in cluded in this volume exemplify his work on specific issues, whether of technology, or architecture, or nationalism in the academy, or moviemaking, or even movies exhibiting excessive sex and violence. These studies attract his attention both on account of their own merit and on account of their need for new and powerful research tools, such as those which he has forged in his own intellectual workshop over the last two decades.

The Science of Social Vision: The Science of Social Vision

Author : Reginald B. Adams
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0195333179
Total Pages : 502 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (953 download)

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Book Synopsis The Science of Social Vision: The Science of Social Vision by : Reginald B. Adams

Download or read book The Science of Social Vision: The Science of Social Vision written by Reginald B. Adams and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2011 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The human visual system is particularly attuned to and remarkably efficient at processing social cues. This text examines the functional and neuroanatomical mechanisms which underpin social vision.

New Research on Social Perception

Author : John A. Zebrowski
Publisher : Nova Publishers
ISBN 13 : 9781600213779
Total Pages : 258 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (137 download)

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Book Synopsis New Research on Social Perception by : John A. Zebrowski

Download or read book New Research on Social Perception written by John A. Zebrowski and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2007 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The contemporary concept of social perception is considered to be an umbrella term that includes various other traditional and related phenomena such as person perception, impression and attitude formation, social cognition, attribution, stereotypes, prejudice, social categorisation, and social comparison and implicit personality theories. This book presents research on social perspectives and behavioural responses which follow. These include child perceptions, social class issues, perceived attractiveness theories, occupational prestige and related communication factors.

The Black-White Test Score Gap

Author : Christopher Jencks
Publisher : Brookings Institution Press
ISBN 13 : 9780815746119
Total Pages : 546 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (461 download)

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Book Synopsis The Black-White Test Score Gap by : Christopher Jencks

Download or read book The Black-White Test Score Gap written by Christopher Jencks and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2011-01-01 with total page 546 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: " The test score gap between blacks and whites—on vocabulary, reading, and math tests, as well as on tests that claim to measure scholastic aptitude and intelligence--is large enough to have far-reaching social and economic consequences. In their introduction to this book, Christopher Jencks and Meredith Phillips argue that eliminating the disparity would dramatically reduce economic and educational inequality between blacks and whites. Indeed, they think that closing the gap would do more to promote racial equality than any other strategy now under serious discussion. The book offers a comprehensive look at the factors that contribute to the test score gap and discusses options for substantially reducing it. Although significant attempts have been made over the past three decades to shrink the test score gap, including increased funding for predominantly black schools, desegregation of southern schools, and programs to alleviate poverty, the median black American still scores below 75 percent of American whites on most standardized tests. The book brings together recent evidence on some of the most controversial and puzzling aspects of the test score debate, including the role of test bias, heredity, and family background. It also looks at how and why the gap has changed over the past generation, reviews the educational, psychological, and cultural explanations for the gap, and analyzes its educational and economic consequences. The authors demonstrate that traditional explanations account for only a small part of the black-white test score gap. They argue that this is partly because traditional explanations have put too much emphasis on racial disparities in economic resources, both in homes and in schools, and on demographic factors like family structure. They say that successful theories will put more emphasis on psychological and cultural factors, such as the way black and white parents teach their children to deal with things they do not know or understand, and the way black and white children respond to the same classroom experiences. Finally, they call for large-scale experiments to determine the effects of schools' racial mix, class size, ability grouping, and other policies. In addition to the editors, the contributors include Claude Steele, Ronald Ferguson, William G. Bowen, Philip Cook, and William Julius Wilson. "

Variability and Individual Differences in Early Social Perception and Social Cognition

Author : Jessica Sommerville
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889198480
Total Pages : 175 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (891 download)

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Book Synopsis Variability and Individual Differences in Early Social Perception and Social Cognition by : Jessica Sommerville

Download or read book Variability and Individual Differences in Early Social Perception and Social Cognition written by Jessica Sommerville and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2016-06-10 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past three decades mounting evidence has suggested that infants’ social perceptual and social cognitive abilities are considerably richer than was once thought. By the end of the second year of life, infants discriminate faces along various social dimensions, attend to and understand others’ goals and intentions, use the emotions of others to guide their learning and behavior, attribute dispositional characteristics to other agents, and make basic social evaluations. What has also become clear is that there is a great deal of variability in infants’ social perception and cognition. A critical, outstanding question concerns the nature and meaning of such variability. The proposed Research Topic welcomes papers addressing cutting-edge questions regarding variability and individual differences in early social perception and social cognition. The goal of these papers is to investigate overarching questions in this domain, which are necessary to move the field forward. Variability in early social perception and social cognition (among other domains) in infancy and early childhood is often attributed to noise, or overlooked in favor of focusing on age-related changes. Yet, recent work suggests that variability in social perceptual and social cognitive tasks reliably inter-relates, and predicts real-world social behaviors. For example, infants’ everyday experience with different face categories predicts individual differences in face processing, infants’ production of goal-directed actions predicts their simultaneous understanding of these actions, and variability in social attention during the second year of life is related to theory of mind during the preschool years. These findings suggest that variability in performance on social perception and social cognition tasks is not merely a nuisance variable, but, rather, may provide the key to addressing significant questions regarding the nature of infants’ social perception and social cognition, and the processes that underlie developmental change. Acknowledging and closely examining and investigating variability in early social perceptual and social cognitive abilities may represent a powerful approach for understanding development in (at least) two ways. First, variability can signal transitional points in the developmental onset of a given ability. Thus, such variability, and the extent to which variability relates to experience and/or other abilities, can be used to test hypotheses regarding mechanisms that underlie developmental changes. Second, variability can represent more enduring individual differences between infants. In this case, critical questions arise regarding the source of individual differences (that is, what factors shape the emergence of individual differences?) and whether such early individual differences contribute to the development of more advanced and sophisticated forms of social cognition and behavior. The goal of this Research Topic will be to encourage researchers to take variability in early social perception and cognition seriously. Papers that give variability center stage, and are aimed at addressing the value of variability for identifying developmental mechanisms, as well as investigating the existence, source, and antecedents of early individual differences in social perception and social cognition are welcomed. Taken together, the contributed papers will provide integral new information to the study of social perception and social cognition over the first three years of life.

Handbook of Social Comparison

Author : Jerry Suls
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461542375
Total Pages : 502 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (615 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Social Comparison by : Jerry Suls

Download or read book Handbook of Social Comparison written by Jerry Suls and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comparison of objects, events, and situations is integral to judgment; comparisons of the self with other people comprise one of the building blocks of human conduct and experience. After four decades of research, the topic of social comparison is more popular than ever. In this timely handbook a distinguished roster of researchers and theoreticians describe where the field has been since its development in the early 1950s and where it is likely to go next.

The Oxford Handbook of Justice in the Workplace

Author : Russell Cropanzano
Publisher : Oxford Library of Psychology
ISBN 13 : 0199981418
Total Pages : 697 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (999 download)

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Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Justice in the Workplace by : Russell Cropanzano

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Justice in the Workplace written by Russell Cropanzano and published by Oxford Library of Psychology. This book was released on 2015 with total page 697 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Justice is everyone's concern. It plays a critical role in organizational success and promotes the quality of employees' working lives. For these reasons, understanding the nature of justice has become a prominent goal among scholars of organizational behavior. As research in organizational justice has proliferated, a need has emerged for scholars to integrate literature across disciplines. Offering the most thorough discussion of organizational justice currently available, The Oxford Handbook of Justice in the Workplace provides a comprehensive review of empirical and conceptual research addressing this vital topic. Reflecting this dynamic and expanding area of research, chapters provide cutting-edge reviews of selection, performance management, conflict resolution, diversity management, organizational climate, and other topics integral for promoting organizational success. Additionally, the book explores major conceptual issues such as interpersonal interaction, emotion, the structure of justice, the motivation for fairness, and cross-cultural considerations in fairness perceptions. The reader will find thorough discussions of legal issues, philosophical concerns, and human decision-making, all of which make this the standard reference book for both established scholars and emerging researchers.

The Oxford Handbook of Voice Perception

Author : Sascha Frühholz
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 0198743181
Total Pages : 977 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (987 download)

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Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Voice Perception by : Sascha Frühholz

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Voice Perception written by Sascha Frühholz and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 977 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Speech perception has been the focus of innumerable studies over the past decades. While our abilities to recognize individuals by their voice state plays a central role in our everyday social interactions, limited scientific attention has been devoted to the perceptual and cerebral mechanisms underlying nonverbal information processing in voices. The Oxford Handbook of Voice Perception takes a comprehensive look at this emerging field and presents a selection of current research in voice perception. The forty chapters summarise the most exciting research from across several disciplines covering acoustical, clinical, evolutionary, cognitive, and computational perspectives. In particular, this handbook offers an invaluable window into the development and evolution of the 'vocal brain', and considers in detail the voice processing abilities of non-human animals or human infants. By providing a full and unique perspective on the recent developments in this burgeoning area of study, this text is an important and interdisciplinary resource for students, researchers, and scientific journalists interested in voice perception.

The Handbook of Negotiation and Culture

Author : Michele J. Gelfand
Publisher : Stanford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0804745862
Total Pages : 478 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (47 download)

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Book Synopsis The Handbook of Negotiation and Culture by : Michele J. Gelfand

Download or read book The Handbook of Negotiation and Culture written by Michele J. Gelfand and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 2004 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the global marketplace, negotiation frequently takes place across cultural boundaries, yet negotiation theory has traditionally been grounded in Western culture. This book, which provides an in-depth review of the field of negotiation theory, expands current thinking to include cross-cultural perspectives. The contents of the book reflect the diversity of negotiationresearch-negotiator cognition, motivation, emotion, communication, power and disputing, intergroup relationships, third parties, justice, technology, and social dilemmasand provides new insight into negotiation theory, questioning assumptions, expanding constructs, and identifying limits not apparent from working exclusively within one culture. The book is organized in three sections and pairs chapters on negotiation theory with chapters on culture. The first part emphasizes psychological processescognition, motivation, and emotion. Part II examines the negotiation process. The third part emphasizes the social context of negotiation. A final chapter synthesizes the main themes of the book to illustrate how scholars and practitioners can capitalize on the synergy between culture and negotiation research.

The Conflict Helix

Author : R. J. Rummel
Publisher : Transaction Publishers
ISBN 13 : 9781412836302
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (363 download)

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Book Synopsis The Conflict Helix by : R. J. Rummel

Download or read book The Conflict Helix written by R. J. Rummel and published by Transaction Publishers. This book was released on with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a book on conflict and consensus aimed at the general reader. In active, plain and direct language it makes the seemingly abstract and complex issues simple. Its view of peace is well-rounded, tough-minded, one that well understands the difficult world of social and personal violence and conflict. At its heart is a simple finding: "to wage peace we need to foster freedom." The human race can best achieve that simple aim by "leaving people alone to form their own communities." "The Conflict Helix "avoids the ambiguous in favor of the categorical; the hedged, qualified statement for the direct Rummel presents a series of basic principles, each concerning an aspect of conflict and peace - psychological, interpersonal, societal, international - and each aspect having its own master principle. These principles are not mere organizational props, but are deeply theoretical and empirically fundamental. The volume expresses the core ideas, results and conclusions of Rummel's major, five-volume work on "Understanding Conflict and War. "In discarding technical material and focusing on principles and meaning, "The Conflict Helix "presents an executive summary of a lifetime of work in a digestible form. In light of recent events in Europe, Asia and Latin American this work takes on a special poignancy for the developing no less than the industrialized worlds. Hence, this book should be of value to the general reader as well as professionals and advanced students of international politics.