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Energy and Civilization

Author : Vaclav Smil
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262536161
Total Pages : 564 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (625 download)

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Book Synopsis Energy and Civilization by : Vaclav Smil

Download or read book Energy and Civilization written by Vaclav Smil and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2018-11-13 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive account of how energy has shaped society throughout history, from pre-agricultural foraging societies through today's fossil fuel–driven civilization. "I wait for new Smil books the way some people wait for the next 'Star Wars' movie. In his latest book, Energy and Civilization: A History, he goes deep and broad to explain how innovations in humans' ability to turn energy into heat, light, and motion have been a driving force behind our cultural and economic progress over the past 10,000 years. —Bill Gates, Gates Notes, Best Books of the Year Energy is the only universal currency; it is necessary for getting anything done. The conversion of energy on Earth ranges from terra-forming forces of plate tectonics to cumulative erosive effects of raindrops. Life on Earth depends on the photosynthetic conversion of solar energy into plant biomass. Humans have come to rely on many more energy flows—ranging from fossil fuels to photovoltaic generation of electricity—for their civilized existence. In this monumental history, Vaclav Smil provides a comprehensive account of how energy has shaped society, from pre-agricultural foraging societies through today's fossil fuel–driven civilization. Humans are the only species that can systematically harness energies outside their bodies, using the power of their intellect and an enormous variety of artifacts—from the simplest tools to internal combustion engines and nuclear reactors. The epochal transition to fossil fuels affected everything: agriculture, industry, transportation, weapons, communication, economics, urbanization, quality of life, politics, and the environment. Smil describes humanity's energy eras in panoramic and interdisciplinary fashion, offering readers a magisterial overview. This book is an extensively updated and expanded version of Smil's Energy in World History (1994). Smil has incorporated an enormous amount of new material, reflecting the dramatic developments in energy studies over the last two decades and his own research over that time.

Growth

Author : Vaclav Smil
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262042835
Total Pages : 665 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (62 download)

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Book Synopsis Growth by : Vaclav Smil

Download or read book Growth written by Vaclav Smil and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2019-09-24 with total page 665 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A systematic investigation of growth in nature and society, from tiny organisms to the trajectories of empires and civilizations. Growth has been both an unspoken and an explicit aim of our individual and collective striving. It governs the lives of microorganisms and galaxies; it shapes the capabilities of our extraordinarily large brains and the fortunes of our economies. Growth is manifested in annual increments of continental crust, a rising gross domestic product, a child's growth chart, the spread of cancerous cells. In this magisterial book, Vaclav Smil offers systematic investigation of growth in nature and society, from tiny organisms to the trajectories of empires and civilizations. Smil takes readers from bacterial invasions through animal metabolisms to megacities and the global economy. He begins with organisms whose mature sizes range from microscopic to enormous, looking at disease-causing microbes, the cultivation of staple crops, and human growth from infancy to adulthood. He examines the growth of energy conversions and man-made objects that enable economic activities—developments that have been essential to civilization. Finally, he looks at growth in complex systems, beginning with the growth of human populations and proceeding to the growth of cities. He considers the challenges of tracing the growth of empires and civilizations, explaining that we can chart the growth of organisms across individual and evolutionary time, but that the progress of societies and economies, not so linear, encompasses both decline and renewal. The trajectory of modern civilization, driven by competing imperatives of material growth and biospheric limits, Smil tells us, remains uncertain.

U.S.S.R. and Certain Neighboring Areas, Official Standard Names Approved by the United States Board on Geographic Names

Author : United States. Office of Geography
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 750 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis U.S.S.R. and Certain Neighboring Areas, Official Standard Names Approved by the United States Board on Geographic Names by : United States. Office of Geography

Download or read book U.S.S.R. and Certain Neighboring Areas, Official Standard Names Approved by the United States Board on Geographic Names written by United States. Office of Geography and published by . This book was released on 1959 with total page 750 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Modelling Web-based Learning Ecosystems for Aggregation and Reuse

Author : Kai Michael Höver
Publisher : Cuvillier Verlag
ISBN 13 : 3736949898
Total Pages : 292 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (369 download)

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Book Synopsis Modelling Web-based Learning Ecosystems for Aggregation and Reuse by : Kai Michael Höver

Download or read book Modelling Web-based Learning Ecosystems for Aggregation and Reuse written by Kai Michael Höver and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2015-04-28 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In der E-Learning-Domäne bilden sowohl die Lernressourcen, Lehrende und Lernende als auch die stattfindenden Lernprozesse in ihrer Gesamtheit Lernökosysteme. Diese Dissertation untersucht die Modellierung von Lernökosystemen zur Unterstützung ihrer Aggregation und Wiederverwendung. Zur Erreichung dieses Ziels müssen Modelle von Lernökosystemen die Aggregierbarkeit, Austauschbarkeit, Interoperabilität und granulare Wiederverwendbarkeit ihrer Daten unterstützen. Auf Basis durchgeführter Nutzerstudien werden Konzepte digitaler Modelle von Lernökosystemen, sogenannte LOOCs (Linked Open Online Courses), entwickelt. Dabei werden insbesondere Technologien des Semantic Webs sowie Linked-Data-Konzepte betrachtet. Die entwickelten ontologischen Modelle bilden die Basis für mehrere E-Learning-Applikationen, welche die Tragfähigkeit der Konzepte sowie eine hohe Nutzerakzeptanz zeigen. Ferner wird ein formales Interpretermodell für CSCL (Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning) Scripts zur Beschreibung von Lernprozessen, welches mit Hilfe von Abstract State Machines spezifiziert wurde, vorgestellt. In the e-learning domain, the learning resources, teachers and learners and the active learning processes in their entirety construct the learning ecosystems. This thesis examines the modelling of learning ecosystems to support their aggregation and reuse. To achieve this goal, learning ecosystem models must support aggregation, compatibility, interoperability and granular re-usability of their data. Through user studies, digital model concepts of learning ecosystems, i.e. so-called LOOCs (linked open online courses), were developed. In particular, Semantic Web technologies and Linked Data concepts are considered within the context. The developed ontological models form the basis for a number of e-learning applications that show the viability of the concepts as well as a high user acceptance. Further, a formal interpreter model for CSCL (Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning) Scripts for the description of learning processes specified by using Abstract State Machines is presented.

Gazetteer

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 964 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (4 download)

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Book Synopsis Gazetteer by :

Download or read book Gazetteer written by and published by . This book was released on 1955 with total page 964 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Daily Weather Maps

Author : United States. Environmental Data and Information Service
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 250 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

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Book Synopsis Daily Weather Maps by : United States. Environmental Data and Information Service

Download or read book Daily Weather Maps written by United States. Environmental Data and Information Service and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Ground-water Flow and Simulated Effects of Development in Paradise Valley, a Basin Tributary to the Humboldt River in Humboldt County, Nevada

Download Ground-water Flow and Simulated Effects of Development in Paradise Valley, a Basin Tributary to the Humboldt River in Humboldt County, Nevada PDF Online Free

Author : David E. Prudic
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 282 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (4 download)

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Book Synopsis Ground-water Flow and Simulated Effects of Development in Paradise Valley, a Basin Tributary to the Humboldt River in Humboldt County, Nevada by : David E. Prudic

Download or read book Ground-water Flow and Simulated Effects of Development in Paradise Valley, a Basin Tributary to the Humboldt River in Humboldt County, Nevada written by David E. Prudic and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Biorefinery of Inorganics

Author : Erik Meers
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 111892147X
Total Pages : 471 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (189 download)

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Book Synopsis Biorefinery of Inorganics by : Erik Meers

Download or read book Biorefinery of Inorganics written by Erik Meers and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-05-05 with total page 471 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides complete coverage of the recovery of mineral nutrients from biomass and organic waste This book presents a comprehensive overview of the potential for mineral recovery from wastes, addressing technological issues as well as economic, ecological, and agronomic full-scale field assessments. It serves as a complete reference work for experts in the field and provides teaching material for future experts specializing in environmental technology sectors. Biorefinery of Inorganics: Recovering Mineral Nutrients from Biomass and Organic Waste starts by explaining the concept of using anaerobic digestion as a biorefinery for production of an energy carrier in addition to mineral secondary resources. It then discusses the current state of mineral fertilizer use throughout the world, offering readers a complete look at the resource availability and energy intensity. Technical aspects of mineral recovery organic (waste-)streams is discussed next, followed by an examination of the economics of biobased products and their mineral counterparts. The book also covers the environmental impact assessment of the production and use of bio-based fertilizers; modelling and optimization of nutrient recovery from wastes; and more. Discusses global production and consumption of mineral fertilizers Introduces technologies for the recovery of mineral NPK from organic wastes and residues Covers chemical characterization and speciation of refined secondary resources, and shows readers how to assess biobased mineral resources Discusses applications of recovered minerals in the inorganic chemistry sector Compares the economics of biobased products with current fossil-based counterparts Offers an ecological assessment of introducing biobased products in the current fertilizer industry Edited by leading experts in the field Biorefinery of Inorganics: Recovering Mineral Nutrients from Biomass and Organic Waste is an ideal book for scientists, environmental engineers, and end-users in the agro-industry, the waste industry, water and wastewater treatment, and agriculture. It will also be of great benefit to policy makers and regulators working in these fields.

Reports of the Tax Court of the United States

Author : United States. Tax Court
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 712 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Reports of the Tax Court of the United States by : United States. Tax Court

Download or read book Reports of the Tax Court of the United States written by United States. Tax Court and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 712 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Reports of the United States Tax Court

Author : United States. Tax Court
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 696 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Reports of the United States Tax Court by : United States. Tax Court

Download or read book Reports of the United States Tax Court written by United States. Tax Court and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 696 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

U.S.S.R., Official Standard Names Approved by the United States Board on Geographic Names: S-T. (ix, 934 p.)

Author : United States. Geographic Names Division
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 950 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis U.S.S.R., Official Standard Names Approved by the United States Board on Geographic Names: S-T. (ix, 934 p.) by : United States. Geographic Names Division

Download or read book U.S.S.R., Official Standard Names Approved by the United States Board on Geographic Names: S-T. (ix, 934 p.) written by United States. Geographic Names Division and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 950 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Emotion and Early Interaction

Author : Tiffany Field
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 9780898592412
Total Pages : 324 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (924 download)

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Book Synopsis Emotion and Early Interaction by : Tiffany Field

Download or read book Emotion and Early Interaction written by Tiffany Field and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 1982 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a collection of papers by investigators who have been attempting to integrate emotion and interaction processes in early development. None profess to have all the answers, yet each paper challenges us to question some of our notions about the boundaries between the individual and society. -- Preface.

U.S.S.R.

Author : United States. Geographic Names Division
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 966 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis U.S.S.R. by : United States. Geographic Names Division

Download or read book U.S.S.R. written by United States. Geographic Names Division and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 966 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Wildlife Review

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 436 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Wildlife Review by :

Download or read book Wildlife Review written by and published by . This book was released on 1940 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Harvesting the Biosphere

Author : Vaclav Smil
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 026201856X
Total Pages : 317 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (62 download)

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Book Synopsis Harvesting the Biosphere by : Vaclav Smil

Download or read book Harvesting the Biosphere written by Vaclav Smil and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2012-12-21 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An interdisciplinary and quantitative account of human claims on the biosphere's stores of living matter, from prehistoric hunting to modern energy production. The biosphere—the Earth's thin layer of life—dates from nearly four billion years ago, when the first simple organisms appeared. Many species have exerted enormous influence on the biosphere's character and productivity, but none has transformed the Earth in so many ways and on such a scale as Homo sapiens. In Harvesting the Biosphere, Vaclav Smil offers an interdisciplinary and quantitative account of human claims on the biosphere's stores of living matter, from prehistory to the present day. Smil examines all harvests—from prehistoric man's hunting of megafauna to modern crop production—and all uses of harvested biomass, including energy, food, and raw materials. Without harvesting of the biomass, Smil points out, there would be no story of human evolution and advancing civilization; but at the same time, the increasing extent and intensity of present-day biomass harvests are changing the very foundations of civilization's well-being. In his detailed and comprehensive account, Smil presents the best possible quantifications of past and current global losses in order to assess the evolution and extent of biomass harvests. Drawing on the latest work in disciplines ranging from anthropology to environmental science, Smil offers a valuable long-term, planet-wide perspective on human-caused environmental change.

Capital, Investment, and Innovation in the Roman World

Author : Paul Erdkamp
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0192578952
Total Pages : 508 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (925 download)

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Book Synopsis Capital, Investment, and Innovation in the Roman World by : Paul Erdkamp

Download or read book Capital, Investment, and Innovation in the Roman World written by Paul Erdkamp and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2020-02-18 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Investment in capital, both physical and financial, and innovation in its uses are often considered the linchpin of modern economic growth, while credit and credit markets now seem to determine the wealth - as well as the fate - of nations. Yet was it always thus? The Roman economy was large, complex, and sophisticated, but in terms of its structural properties did it look anything like the economies we know and are familiar with today? Through consideration of the allocation and uses of capital and credit and the role of innovation in the Roman world, the individual essays comprising this volume go straight to the heart of the matter, exploring such questions as how capital in its various forms was generated, allocated, and employed in the Roman economy; whether the Romans had markets for capital goods and credit; and whether investment in capital led to innovation and productivity growth. Their authors consider multiple aspects of capital use in agriculture, water management, trade, and urban production, and of credit provision, finance, and human capital, covering different periods of Roman history and ranging geographically across Italy and elsewhere in the Roman world. Utilizing many different types of written and archaeological evidence, and employing a range of modern theoretical perspectives and methodologies, the contributors, an expert international team of historians and archaeologists, have produced the first book-length contribution to focus exclusively on (physical and financial) capital in the Roman world; a volume that is aimed not only at specialists in the field, but also at economic historians and archaeologists specializing in other periods and places.

Notes of a Potato Watcher

Author : James Lang
Publisher : International Potato Center
ISBN 13 : 9781585441389
Total Pages : 396 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (413 download)

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Book Synopsis Notes of a Potato Watcher by : James Lang

Download or read book Notes of a Potato Watcher written by James Lang and published by International Potato Center. This book was released on 2001 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Native to the New World, the potato was domesticated by Andean farmers, probably in the Lake Titicaca basin, almost as early as grain crops were cultivated in the Near East. Full of essential vitamins and energy-giving starch, the potato has proved a valuable world resource. Curious Spaniards took the potato back to Europe, from whence it spread worldwide. Today, the largest potato producer is China, with India not far behind. To tell the potato's story, Lang has done fieldwork in South America, Asia, and Africa."--Jacket.