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Small Molecule Semiconductors For High Efficiency Organic Solar Cells
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Book Synopsis Small-Molecule Semiconductors for High-Efficiency Organic Solar Cells by : Chuanlang Zhan
Download or read book Small-Molecule Semiconductors for High-Efficiency Organic Solar Cells written by Chuanlang Zhan and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2019-08-15 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Fabrication and Characterization of Small Molecule Organic Solar Cells by : Mulugeta Ayele Birhanu
Download or read book Fabrication and Characterization of Small Molecule Organic Solar Cells written by Mulugeta Ayele Birhanu and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With increasing price of natural gas and petroleum products and their environmental concerns, alternative energy sources are required i.e. renewable energy sources. Solar energy is the abundant form of renewable energy. In addition to that, the total amount of solar power that incident on earth for an hour can cover the world's annual electric power demand. Hence capturing even fraction of this abundant power source is vital. The technologies used to capture solar power are the photovoltaic systems which, through the photovoltaic effect in semiconductors in the solar cells comprising the system; convert the energy in the photons of the sunlight directly to electric power. The system with silicon solar cells has high production cost because of which it has been difficult for the system to be in to grid parity. The best alternative that attracted the attention of many researchers in the world is to use organic solar cells. Unlike their inorganic counterparts; the organic solar cells are easy and cheap to fabricate, light weighted, flexible, the semiconductors are tuneable with respect to their functions, colourful, can absorb light in cloudy days and semitransparent. The amount of semiconductor material required is very small (i.e. in 100nm). Because of these, even with half efficiency of inorganic ones can make them economical. The other advantage is that they can be used in areas where silicon solar cells haven't been used and properties like light weightiness, flexibility and colourfulness are required. This could be in the sports, agriculture, medical sector .... However, they have disadvantages: low efficiency and shorter life span due to degradation of the semiconductors. Some of the factors that determine performance of solar cell are the type of structure used for the active layer of the solar cell and its thickness. The two kinds of structures we used in the lab were the bi-layer and bulk-junction photoactive layer. The performance of the bulk-junction solar cells increase with thickness of the photoactive layer up to certain point due to high intimacy of contact between the donor and acceptor and from this point on wards the performance decreases as recombination starts to dominate the effect of the intimacy of contact. Comparison of the bi-layer and bulk-junction solar cells for certain thickness tells that the bi-layer has higher fill factor and open circuit voltage than the bulk-junction due to relatively low recombination and density of states. The efficiency of organic solar cells is increasing at higher rate recently as researches have been taking place even in big named companies. The degradation of the organic semiconductors is due to oxygen and water valour from air which can be avoided by encapsulation of the solar cells.
Book Synopsis Solution-processable Oligomeric and Small Molecule Semiconductors for Organic Solar Cells by : Mylène Le Borgne
Download or read book Solution-processable Oligomeric and Small Molecule Semiconductors for Organic Solar Cells written by Mylène Le Borgne and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Organic solar cells appear as a promising technology within photovoltaic field owing to their low-cost fabrication and their great flexibility enabling a widespread distribution. For now, they are still at the prototype stage due to their limited efficiency and lifetimes. Many efforts were realized in designing new materials as they are involved in every steps of the photovoltaic process and thus they dictate the cell efficiency. Along this thesis, two series of electron-donating semi-conductors were designed and synthesized. The first series consist in three oligomers containing three diketopyrrolopyrrole units, a well-studied chromophore. Those oligomers absorb up to the near infra-red region, a very interesting feature for light harvesting. Through the engineering of electron-rich spacers, various twists were generated in the oligomers backbone. The oligomer showing a coplanar conformation appears to be the most crystalline and thus exhibits the best charge transport properties with a hole mobility of 10-3 cm2.V-1.s-1. However, bulk heterojunction organic solar cells, this high crystallinity results in an unfavorable morphology and a PCE inferior to 1%. As for the second series, the four small molecules combined 3,3'-(ethane-1,2-diylidene)bis(indolin-2-one) (EBI), an electron deficient unit, and various electron-rich units such as thiophene (EBI-T), benzofuran (EBI-BF) and bithiophene (EBI-2T). Among EBI derivatives, EBI-BF demonstrated the highest hole mobility of 0.021 cm2.V-1.s-1 in field effect transistors due to its coplanar conformation. Meanwhile, in bulk heterojunction solar cells, the highest PCE of 1.92% was obtained with EBI-2T:PC61BM blend owing to a more appropriate morphology and the broadest absorption spectrum of EBI-2T.
Book Synopsis Organometallics and Related Molecules for Energy Conversion by : Wai-Yeung Wong
Download or read book Organometallics and Related Molecules for Energy Conversion written by Wai-Yeung Wong and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-03-30 with total page 541 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a critical perspective of the applications of organometallic compounds (including those with metal or metalloid elements) and other related metal complexes as versatile functional materials in the transformation of light into electricity (solar energy conversion) and electricity into light (light generation in light emitting diode), in the reduction of carbon dioxide to useful chemicals, as well as in the safe and efficient production and utilization of hydrogen, which serves as an energy storage medium (i.e. energy carrier). This book focuses on recent research developments in these emerging areas, with an emphasis on fundamental concepts and current applications of functional organometallic complexes and related metal-based molecules for energy research. With contributions from front-line researchers in the field from academia and industry, this timely book provides a valuable contribution to the scientific community in the field of energy science related to metal-based molecular materials. Wai-Yeung Wong, PhD, is Chair Professor and Head of the Department of Chemistry at Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, P. R. China.
Book Synopsis Organic Photovoltaics by : Sam-Shajing Sun
Download or read book Organic Photovoltaics written by Sam-Shajing Sun and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-12-19 with total page 916 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recently developed organic photovoltaics (OPVs) show distinct advantages over their inorganic counterparts due to their lighter weight, flexible shape, versatile materials synthesis and device fabrication schemes, and low cost in large-scale industrial production. Although many books currently exist on general concepts of PV and inorganic PV materials and devices, few are available that offer a comprehensive overview of recently fast developing organic and polymeric PV materials and devices. Organic Photovoltaics: Mechanisms, Materials, and Devices fills this gap. The book provides an international perspective on the latest research in this rapidly expanding field with contributions from top experts around the world. It presents a unified approach comprising three sections: General Overviews; Mechanisms and Modeling; and Materials and Devices. Discussions include sunlight capture, exciton diffusion and dissociation, interface properties, charge recombination and migration, and a variety of currently developing OPV materials/devices. The book also includes two forewords: one by Nobel Laureate Dr. Alan J. Heeger, and the other by Drs. Aloysius Hepp and Sheila Bailey of NASA Glenn Research Center. Organic Photovoltaics equips students, researchers, and engineers with knowledge of the mechanisms, materials, devices, and applications of OPVs necessary to develop cheaper, lighter, and cleaner renewable energy throughout the coming decades.
Book Synopsis A Simple But Efficient Small Molecule with a High Open Circuit Voltage of 1.07 V in Solution‐Processable Organic Solar Cells by :
Download or read book A Simple But Efficient Small Molecule with a High Open Circuit Voltage of 1.07 V in Solution‐Processable Organic Solar Cells written by and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Molecular Devices for Solar Energy Conversion and Storage by : Haining Tian
Download or read book Molecular Devices for Solar Energy Conversion and Storage written by Haining Tian and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-09-14 with total page 539 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book shows the different molecular devices used for solar energy conversion and storage and the important characterization techniques for this kind of device. It has five chapters describing representative molecule-based solar cells, such as organic solar cells, dye-sensitized solar cells and hybrid solar cells (perovskite solar cell and quantum dots solar cells). It also includes two chapters demonstrating the use of molecular devices in the areas of solar fuel, water splitting and carbon dioxide reduction. There are further two chapters with interesting examples of solar energy storage related devices, like solar flow battery, solar capacitor and solar energy-thermal energy storage. Three chapters introduce important techniques used to characterize, investigate and evaluate the mechanism of molecular devices. The final chapter discusses the stability of perovskite solar cells. This book is relevant for a wide readership, and is particularly useful for students, researchers and industrial professionals who are working on molecular devices for solar energy utilization.
Book Synopsis Nanostructured Solar Cells by : Guanying Chen
Download or read book Nanostructured Solar Cells written by Guanying Chen and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2018-07-04 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Nanostructured Solar Cells" that was published in Nanomaterials
Book Synopsis Organic Optoelectronic Materials by : Yongfang Li
Download or read book Organic Optoelectronic Materials written by Yongfang Li and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-05-30 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume reviews the latest trends in organic optoelectronic materials. Each comprehensive chapter allows graduate students and newcomers to the field to grasp the basics, whilst also ensuring that they have the most up-to-date overview of the latest research. Topics include: organic conductors and semiconductors; conducting polymers and conjugated polymer semiconductors, as well as their applications in organic field-effect-transistors; organic light-emitting diodes; and organic photovoltaics and transparent conducting electrodes. The molecular structures, synthesis methods, physicochemical and optoelectronic properties of the organic optoelectronic materials are also introduced and described in detail. The authors also elucidate the structures and working mechanisms of organic optoelectronic devices and outline fundamental scientific problems and future research directions. This volume is invaluable to all those interested in organic optoelectronic materials.
Book Synopsis High-Performance Multi-Component Organic Solar Cells by : Ismail Alperen Ayhan
Download or read book High-Performance Multi-Component Organic Solar Cells written by Ismail Alperen Ayhan and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Renewable energies significantly gained in importance in the last decade. Due to worldwide ecological problems and global warming, much effort is needed to increase the awareness and protect earth from the impacts with respect to the climate changes. Particularly, the excessive use of fossil fuels force countries to figure out some alternative applications for the energy supply. Other than hydro and wind-based applications, solar energy becomes the most important renewable technology to reduce the carbon dioxide emission and worldwide photovoltaic systems have recently been installed by gradually rising. Since only China and India are building several coal powers every week for energy needs based-on their population1, it is very important to develop efficient and low-cost solar energy systems to attract attention for especially newly develop countries other than develop ones. Organic solar cells (OSCs) are one of the most promising solar energy systems due to some unique advantages, such as low-cost, lightweight, flexible, semitransparent, large area compatibility, easy fabrication (roll to roll), easy processing (from solution), and energy level tunability, which enables new fields of applications. In contrast to inorganic solar cells, high temperature fabrication techniques are not needed to prepare organic photovoltaics. In solution processed OSCs, the organic semiconductor materials are used in active layer to absorb light and convert it to electrical energy. The active layers containing donor and accepter components where the optimized morphology is achieved through an interpenetrating phase-separated donor-acceptor network that is called as bulk heterojunction. The efficiency of bulk heterojunction OSCs is strongly correlated with the morphology of their active layers, which requires an optimized distribution of the donor and acceptor domains. A large interface between donor and acceptor domains are needed to obtain efficient exciton dissociation at interface. Also, percolation pathways are required to transport the charges to the corresponding electrodes. The nanomorphology depends on tendency of the active layer components to crystallization and phase-separation. These morphological properties can be optimized by altering the process parameters, such as selection of materials and solvents, composition, thickness, and thermal treatments. Recently, OSCs has been remarkably enhanced with power conversion efficiency exceeding 16% by virtue of new materials development and device optimizations.2--4 It is commonly known that the limited absorption window of organic semiconductors causes low photon-harvesting ability from active layer. Multi-component organic solar cells, which consist of one donor and two acceptors, are a promising strategy for broadening the light absorption spectrum and enhancing the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the organic photovoltaic devices, due to the diverse small molecular materials with different optical band gaps and good compatibility. In this dissertation, the binary and ternary blend systems were studied through optimizing processing parameters and the effect of these parameters on the structural, morphological, electrical and photovoltaic properties were investigated by performing UV-vis absorption, EQE measurement, Grazing-Incidence Wide-Angle X-ray Scattering (GIWAXS) and energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM). In the first part of dissertation, it is found that optimized blends share a universal fibril-like structure, where the polymer donor appears to dictate fibril size. In the second part of section, the effect of third component in ternary blend OSCs is discussed where the optimum morphology is achieved and if the ternary blend systems also have similar morphology such as fibril-like structure. As expected, the ternary blend system showed significant enhancement of device performance due to broadening of the absorption spectrum and the fill factor. We attribute that the high morphology compatibility of the ternary system can benefit to optimized electron/hole mobility and diminished recombination.
Book Synopsis Organic Solar Cells by : Modest Voronov
Download or read book Organic Solar Cells written by Modest Voronov and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The last two decades have seen unprecedented research progress made in the fabrication and testing of organic solar cell (OSC) devices due to, among other things, rapid growth of interest in the development of organic materials for photovoltaic applications, the ease of processing, and the prospect of achieving high power conversion efficiency (PCE) cost effectively. The effects of impurity doping at the ppm level in photovoltaic organic semiconductors, including: (i) Seven-nines purification of organic semiconductors, (ii) pn-control of single and co-deposited organic semiconductors by impurity doping, (iii) ionisation sensitisation of doping showing the doping efficiency of 100%, (iv) ppm-doping effects in the simplest n+p-homojunction organic photovoltaic cells, and (v) the Hall effect of bulk-doped organic single crystals, are discussed in Chapter One. In Chapter Two the fabrication and characterisation of perovskite-type solar cells are reviewed and summarised such as CH3NH3PbI3, [HC(NH2)2]PbI3, and CsSnI3, which are expected for solar cell materials. Chapter Three proposes an experimental method to tailor SDE and optimise the power conversion efficiency (PCE), based on the electrical transport curve. Chapter Four provides a brief history of organic photovoltaic cell devices, factors limiting stability and power conversion efficiency, fundamental parameters that have been reported to improve the general performance of the devices, and recent developments in organic solar cell devices.
Book Synopsis Organic and Hybrid Solar Cells by : Hui Huang
Download or read book Organic and Hybrid Solar Cells written by Hui Huang and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-25 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book delivers a comprehensive evaluation of organic and hybrid solar cells and identifies their fundamental principles and numerous applications. Great attention is given to the charge transport mechanism, donor and acceptor materials, interfacial materials, alternative electrodes, device engineering and physics, and device stability. The authors provide an industrial perspective on the future of photovoltaic technologies.
Book Synopsis Flexible and Stretchable Electronics by : Run-Wei Li
Download or read book Flexible and Stretchable Electronics written by Run-Wei Li and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-10-31 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the recently well developed areas of Internet of Thing, consumer wearable gadgets and artificial intelligence, flexible and stretchable electronic devices have spurred great amount of interest from both the global scientific and industrial communities. As an emerging technology, flexible and stretchable electronics requires the scale-span fabrication of devices involving nano-features, microstructures and macroscopic large area manufacturing. The key factor behind covers the organic, inorganic and nano materials that exhibit completely different mechanical and electrical properties, as well as the accurate interfacial control between these components. Based on the fusion of chemistry, physics, biology, materials science and information technology, this review volume will try to offer a timely and comprehensive overview on the flexible and stretchable electronic materials and devices. The book will cover the working principle, materials selection, device fabrication and applications of electronic components of transistors, solar cells, memories, sensors, supercapacitors, circuits and etc.
Book Synopsis Design and Synthesis of New Organic Semiconductors for Organic Solar Cells by : Xiaomei Ding
Download or read book Design and Synthesis of New Organic Semiconductors for Organic Solar Cells written by Xiaomei Ding and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Molecular design and synthesis play critical roles in the development of organic semiconductors for organic photovoltaics (OPVs). This dissertation describes the design, synthesis, and characterization of three classes of organic semiconductors for OPVs: p-type semiconducting polymers, n-type semiconducting polymers, and non-fullerene small molecule acceptors. The relative merits of alternative building blocks and design strategies for organic semiconductors are investigated. Complex factors governing the underlying structure-property-processing-performance relationships are discussed in detail. The fundamentals of organic semiconductors and organic solar cells, state-of-the-art materials and devices, and challenges in the design and synthesis of materials are reviewed in Chapter 1. Chapter 2 discusses the strategy of selenophene substitution as a potential method to improve photovoltaic performance of the regular thiophene-based p-type semiconducting polymers. New selenophene-containing polymers were synthesized based on a widely used polymer, PBDB-T, where the original thiophene units at various side chain and backbone positions were substituted with selenophene. This study revealed the intramolecular and intermolecular interactions related with selenophene substitution, thus provided important guidelines in designing selenophene-containing polymers. Chapter 3 presents a comparative study of the alternating naphthalene diimide-thiophene copolymer, PNDIT-hd, and naphthalene diimide-selenophene copolymer, PNDIS-hd. The effects of selenophene substitution on the intrinsic and photovoltaic blend properties of n-type semiconducting naphthalene diimide-arylene copolymers with simple donor−acceptor architecture were investigated. This study demonstrated multiple advantages of selenophene substitution including enhancing light harvesting, formation of favorable morphology, and reducing charge recombination losses in all-polymer solar cell devices. Towards enhancing the intrinsic stability of small molecule acceptors, novel tridecacyclic ladder structure was designed and realized via Friedlander condensation reactions. The tridecacyclic ladder molecule acceptors (LMAs) described in Chapter 4 combined good solubility with enhanced stabilities and high photovoltaic performance. One of the new LMAs, LTX-4Cl, demonstrated a high PCE of 11.5% with high fill factor of 0.75. This study also unraveled the significant impact of side chains and halogenations on the molecular packing characteristics of the LMAs and the resulted photovoltaic performance. Finally, the results of the above studies are summarized in Chapter 5 and an outlook is given for future development of organic semiconductors and the organic photovoltaic technology.
Book Synopsis Flexible Solar Cells by : Mario Pagliaro
Download or read book Flexible Solar Cells written by Mario Pagliaro and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-11-21 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the decline in the world's natural resources, the need for new and cheaper energy sources is evolving. One such source is the sun which generates heat and light which can be harnessed and used to our advantage. This reference book introduces the topic of photovoltaics in the form of flexible solar cells. There are explanations of the principles behind this technology, the engineering required to produce these products and the future possibilities offered by this technology. The chemistry and physics of the cells (both organic and inorganic) are clarified as well as production methods, with information how this can then be applied to the nanoscale as well. A complete guide to this new and exciting way of producing energy which will be invaluable to a variety of people from material scientists, chemists, electrical engineers, to management consultants and politicians.
Book Synopsis Rational Design of Solar Cells for Efficient Solar Energy Conversion by : Alagarsamy Pandikumar
Download or read book Rational Design of Solar Cells for Efficient Solar Energy Conversion written by Alagarsamy Pandikumar and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-10-09 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An interdisciplinary guide to the newest solar cell technology for efficient renewable energy Rational Design of Solar Cells for Efficient Solar Energy Conversion explores the development of the most recent solar technology and materials used to manufacture solar cells in order to achieve higher solar energy conversion efficiency. The text offers an interdisciplinary approach and combines information on dye-sensitized solar cells, organic solar cells, polymer solar cells, perovskite solar cells, and quantum dot solar cells. The text contains contributions from noted experts in the fields of chemistry, physics, materials science, and engineering. The authors review the development of components such as photoanodes, sensitizers, electrolytes, and photocathodes for high performance dye-sensitized solar cells. In addition, the text puts the focus on the design of material assemblies to achieve higher solar energy conversion. This important resource: Offers a comprehensive review of recent developments in solar cell technology Includes information on a variety of solar cell materials and devices, focusing on dye-sensitized solar cells Contains a thorough approach beginning with the fundamental material characterization and concluding with real-world device application. Presents content from researchers in multiple fields of study such as physicists, engineers, and material scientists Written for researchers, scientists, and engineers in university and industry laboratories, Rational Design of Solar Cells for Efficient Solar Energy Conversion offers a comprehensive review of the newest developments and applications of solar cells with contributions from a range of experts in various disciplines.
Book Synopsis Organic Solar Cells by : Barry P. Rand
Download or read book Organic Solar Cells written by Barry P. Rand and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-08-26 with total page 795 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells have the potential to make a significant contribution to the increasing energy needs of the future. In this book, 15 chapters written by selected experts explore the required characteristics of components present in an OPV device, such as transparent electrodes, electron- and hole-conducting layers, as well as elect
