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Sintesis Y Caracterizacion De Catalizadores Para La Oxidacion Humeda Catalitica De Colorantes Y Aguas Residuales
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Book Synopsis Síntesis y caracterización de catalizadores para la oxidación húmeda catalítica de colorantes y aguas residuales by :
Download or read book Síntesis y caracterización de catalizadores para la oxidación húmeda catalítica de colorantes y aguas residuales written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: El presente trabajo forma parte de una línea de investigación que se viene desarrollando en el grupo de investigación de Catálisis y Procesos de Separación (CyPS) del Departamento de Ingeniería Química de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, relacionada con el tratamiento de aguas contaminadas con materia orgánica. En esta línea se han desarrollado diversos proyectos nacionales y autonómicos como "Tratamiento y reutilización de aguas residuales para un desarrollo sostenible - TRAGUA" (CSD2006-044) del Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, en el Programa Consolider-Ingenio 2010 y "Red madrileña de tratamientos avanzados para aguas residuales con contaminantes no biodegradables - REMTAVARES" de la Comunidad de Madrid. De manera más específica, el presente trabajo se dirige hacia el estudio de la eliminación de colorantes presentes en el agua por medio de procesos combinados de adsorción y oxidación húmeda, en el ámbito de dos proyectos titulados "Procesos combinados de adsorción y oxidación húmeda para el tratamiento de aguas residuales de industrias de impresión y artes gráficas" (CTQ2008-02728) del Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia y "Aplicación de procesos de oxidación avanzada en la depuración de las aguas residuales de las industrias derivadas del sector del papel y tintas" (PR34/07-15913) financiado por UCM/Santander. Hoy en día, son numerosas las industrias que producen efluentes líquidos coloreados, siendo las más importantes la textil y la papelera. Por ello, resulta necesario encontrar métodos de tratamiento eficaces que permitan eliminar los colorantes presentes en estos efluentes acuosos. Las técnicas de adsorción permiten eliminar estos compuestos del agua, pero tan sólo consiguen transferir la contaminación del medio líquido al sólido, por lo que las técnicas de oxidación avanzada parecen ser las más adecuadas...
Book Synopsis Síntesis y caracterización de catalizadores basados en nanoesferas de carbono para la eliminación de contaminantes emergentes por oxidación húmeda catalítica by : Estrella Serra Pérez
Download or read book Síntesis y caracterización de catalizadores basados en nanoesferas de carbono para la eliminación de contaminantes emergentes por oxidación húmeda catalítica written by Estrella Serra Pérez and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Doctoral Thesis named "Synthesis and characterization of catalysts based on carbon nanospheres for the elimination of emerging pollutants by catalytic wet oxidation "aimed to eliminate three emerging pollutants that are present in water, in order to provide a solution to a real and growing problem such as the scarcity of water resources worldwide. This thesis was possible thanks to two research projects funded by the Community of Madrid “Red madrileña de tratamientos avanzados de aguas residuales S2018/EMT-4341” and “Red madrileña de tratamientos avanzados de aguas residuales S2013/MAE-2716”. Due to the problem of water scarcity, the Water Framework Directive (Directive2000/60/EC) emerged to propose better management of fresh water by defining specific deadlines. As a result of this regulation, a list of priority substances and an observation list of substances were proposed, which were expanded and renewed...
Book Synopsis Oxidación húmeda de Fenol y Tiocianato by : Jesús Vicente Santiago
Download or read book Oxidación húmeda de Fenol y Tiocianato written by Jesús Vicente Santiago and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Las instalaciones de coquería de las plantas siderúrgicas generan efluentes residuales caracterizados por su alto contenido en compuestos tóxicos (fenoles, tiocianato, cianuros, etcétera) que han de ser tratados antes de su vertido para adecuarse a los límites establecidos por la legislación vigente. Estos contaminantes también aparecen en las aguas residuales de numerosos procesos industriales, por lo que su eliminación constituye un problema bastante generalizado en la temática medioambiental. En este trabajo se ha estudiado la posibilidad de oxidar eficazmente el fenol y tiocianato en fase acuosa bajo condiciones de alta presión y temperatura, técnica conocida como oxidación húmeda. Inicialmente, se ha realizado una serie de experiencias previas dirigidas hacia el establecimiento de unas condiciones de operación que sirvan como referencia para el desarrollo de la experimentación que dará lugar al análisis del alcance del proceso en función de las variables de operación más relevantes que lo caracterizan. En todo momento se ha puesto especial énfasis en que todas las experiencias transcurran bajo control cinético para garantizar la validez de los datos experimentales obtenidos. A partir del análisis de la influencia de la temperatura de operación, presión (concentración de oxígeno) y concentración inicial de contaminante se han determinado los parámetros que caracterizan las cinéticas de la oxidación individual de fenol y tiocianato respectivamente en ausencia de catalizadores y de sustancias promotoras. En ambos procesos, para la etapa rápida de degradación, se han determinado los órdenes de reacción con respecto al contaminante principal y para el oxígeno, así como los parámetros de Arrhenius que describen la dependencia de la constante de reacción con la temperatura. En este trabajo se ha encontrado que es posible oxidar concentraciones de fenol de hasta 3000 ppm en apenas 30 minutos si se opera a 200 ̂C y 100 atm, mientras que se requieren aproximadamente tres horas para degradar 1000 ppm de tiocianato trabajando bajo idénticas condiciones. Para la oxidación de fenol, la existencia de un período de inducción ha resultado ser un fenómeno de gran interés para la operación técnica en planta, por lo que se han estudiado sus características en función de las condiciones de trabajo y su repercusión en la cinética y mecanismo del proceso. Ambas oxidaciones tienen lugar a través de un mecanismo radicalario en el que inicialmente se forman radicales libres por interacción con el oxígeno molecular empleado como oxidante, propagándose la cadena posteriormente gracias a la generación de especies radicalarias intermedias de diversa índole. Tanto para la oxidación húmeda de fenol como para la de tiocianato, se han propuesto caminos de degradación basados en los resultados experimentales obtenidos y en consideraciones mecanísticas recogidas a lo largo de la bibliografía sobre procesos de oxidación húmeda similares, caso del fenol, o en procesos afines como puede ser la oxidación química para el tiocianato. Por otra parte, también se ha estudiado la oxidación húmeda simultánea de fenol y tiocianato en ausencia de catalizador, y en esta ocasión, el pH del medio ha destacado como un importante factor condicionante de la cinética del proceso. Así, trabajar a pH alcalino provoca una ralentización de la velocidad de oxidación de fenol que se une al efecto inhibidor causado por la presencia de tiocianato. Sin embargo, la presencia de fenol en la oxidación de tiocianato da lugar a un fuerte sinergismo que conduce a cinéticas muy rápidas para la degradación de dicho contaminante inorgánico. Finalmente, se ha acometido el estudio de la oxidación húmeda catalítica de fenol en fase homogénea ensayando diferentes sales de metales con potencial actividad catalítica (sulfatos de cobalto, hierro y cobre). El cobalto ha resultado ser una especie de consumidor de radicales libres de manera que su presencia en el medio de reacción perjudica notablemente la degradación del fenol. Sin embargo, tanto el hierro en sus distintos estados de oxidación como el cobre han destacado como importantes catalizadores homogéneos para la oxidación húmeda de fenol. En este aspecto, la experimentación se ha enfocado hacia la búsqueda de unas condiciones de presión y temperatura lo menos severas posible que den lugar a cinéticas suficientemente eficaces como para alcanzar conversiones elevadas en tiempos de reacción no excesivamente largos. Trabajando con cobre, el mejor resultado obtenido en este sentido se ha conseguido al oxidar 1000 ppm de fenol a 130 ̂C y 5 atm, mientras que cuando se emplean sales de hierro, las condiciones óptimas alcanzadas han sido 150 ̂C y 10 atm.
Book Synopsis Síntesis, caracterización y actividad catalítica de nuevas formulaciones de catalizadores de cobre, níquel y zinc, estables en la reacción de oxidación de fenol y 2-clorofenol en fase acuosa con con ractores trifásicos[ by : Francesc Xavier Rodríguez i Muñoz
Download or read book Síntesis, caracterización y actividad catalítica de nuevas formulaciones de catalizadores de cobre, níquel y zinc, estables en la reacción de oxidación de fenol y 2-clorofenol en fase acuosa con con ractores trifásicos[ written by Francesc Xavier Rodríguez i Muñoz and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Soil and Sediment Remediation by : Piet Lens
Download or read book Soil and Sediment Remediation written by Piet Lens and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2005-09-30 with total page 545 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soil and Sediment Remediation discusses in detail a whole set of remediative technologies currently available to minimise their impact. Technologies for the treatment of soils and sediments in-situ (landfarming, bioscreens, bioventing, nutrient injection, phytoremediation) and ex-situ (landfarming, bio-heap treatment, soil suspension reactor) will be discussed. The microbiological, process technological and socio-economical aspects of these technologies will be addressed. Special attention will be given to novel biotechnological processes that utilise sulfur cycle conversions, e.g. sulfur and heavy metal removal from soils. Also the potential of phytoremediation will be highlighted. In addition, treatment schemes for the clean-up of polluted megasites, e.g. harbours and Manufactured Gaswork Plants (MGP), will be elaborated. The aim of Soil and Sediment Remediation is to introduce the reader in: the biogeochemical characteristics of soil and sediments- new techniques to study soil/sediment processes (molecular probes, microelectrodes, NMR) clean up technologies for soils polluted with organic (PAH, NAPL, solvents) or inorganic (heavy metals) pollutants- preventative and remediative strategies and technologies available in environmental engineering novel process applications and bioreactor designs for bioremediation the impact of soil pollution on society and its economic importance.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Solvents by : George Wypych
Download or read book Handbook of Solvents written by George Wypych and published by ChemTec Publishing. This book was released on 2001 with total page 1446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive, extensive textual analysis of the principles of solvent selection and use, the handbook is intended to help formulators select ideal solvents, safety coordinators to protect workers, and legislators and inspectors to define and implement technically correct public safeguards for use, handling, and disposal.
Book Synopsis Horned Beetles by : Gilbert J. Arrow
Download or read book Horned Beetles written by Gilbert J. Arrow and published by . This book was released on 2014-09-01 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Developments in Surface Contamination and Cleaning by : Rajiv Kohli
Download or read book Developments in Surface Contamination and Cleaning written by Rajiv Kohli and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2008-01-10 with total page 1209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Surface contamination is of cardinal importance in a host of technologies and industries, ranging from microelectronics to optics to automotive to biomedical. Thus, the need to understand the causes of surface contamination and their removal is very patent. Generally speaking, there are two broad categories of surface contaminants: film-type and particulates. In the world of shrinking dimensions, such as the ever-decreasing size of microelectronic devices, there is an intensified need to understand the behavior of nanoscale particles and to devise ways to remove them to an acceptable level. Particles which were functionally innocuous a few years ago are ôkiller defectsö today, with serious implications for yield and reliability of the components. This book addresses the sources, detection, characterization and removal of both kinds of contaminants, as well as ways to prevent surfaces from being contaminated. A number of techniques to monitor the level of cleanliness are also discussed. Special emphasis is placed on the behaviour of nanoscale particles. The book is amply referenced and profusely illustrated. • Excellent reference for a host of technologies and industries ranging from microelectronics to optics to automotive to biomedical. • A single source document addressing everything from the sources of contamination to their removal and prevention. • Amply referenced and profusely illustrated.
Book Synopsis Solvent-free Organic Synthesis by : Koichi Tanaka
Download or read book Solvent-free Organic Synthesis written by Koichi Tanaka and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-03-02 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this second edition of a best-selling handbook all the chapters have been completely revised and updated, while four completely new chapters have been added. In order to meet the needs of the practitioner, emphasis is placed on describing precisely the technology and know-how involved. Adopting a didactic and comprehensible approach, the book guides the reader through theory and applications, thus ensuring its warm welcome among the scientific community. An excellent, essential and exhaustive overview.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Food Engineering Practice by : Kenneth J. Valentas
Download or read book Handbook of Food Engineering Practice written by Kenneth J. Valentas and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1997-07-23 with total page 732 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Food engineering has become increasingly important in the food industry over the years, as food engineers play a key role in developing new food products and improved manufacturing processes. While other textbooks have covered some aspects of this emerging field, this is the first applications-oriented handbook to cover food engineering processes and manufacturing techniques. A major portion of Handbook of Food Engineering Practice is devoted to defining and explaining essential food operations such as pumping systems, food preservation, and sterilization, as well as freezing and drying. Membranes and evaporator systems and packaging materials and their properties are examined as well. The handbook provides information on how to design accelerated storage studies and determine the temperature tolerance of foods, both of which are important in predicting shelf life. The book also examines the importance of physical and rheological properties of foods, with a special look at the rheology of dough and the design of processing systems for the manufacture of dough. The final third of the book provides useful supporting material that applies to all of the previously discussed unit operations, including cost/profit analysis methods, simulation procedures, sanitary guidelines, and process controller design. The book also includes a survey of food chemistry, a critical area of science for food engineers.
Book Synopsis Developments in Meat Science by : Ralston Andrew Lawrie
Download or read book Developments in Meat Science written by Ralston Andrew Lawrie and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Manipulation of protein deposition in animals. Enzyme binding in muscle. the structural basis of water-holding in meat. General principles and water uptake in meat processing. The structure basis of water- holding in meat. Drip losses. Meat texture. Restructure meats. Restructured meats. Meat microbiology. A reassessment. Meat and meat products. Legislation and analysis.
Download or read book Polymer Permeability written by J. Comyn and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 387 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polymers are permeable, whilst ceramics, glasses and metals are gener ally impermeable. This may seem a disadvantage in that polymeric containers may allow loss or contamination of their contents and aggressive substances such as water will diffuse into polymeric struc tures such as adhesive joints or fibre-reinforced composites and cause weakening. However, in some cases permeability is an advantage, and one particular area where this is so is in the use of polymers in drug delivery systems. Also, without permeable polymers, we would not enjoy the wide range of dyed fabrics used in clothing and furnishing. The fundamental reason for the permeability of polymers is their relatively high level of molecular motion, a factor which also leads to their high levels of creep in comparison with ceramics, glasses and metals. The aim of this volume is to examine some timely applied aspects of polymer permeability. In the first chapter basic issues in the mathema tics of diffusion are introduced, and this is followed by two chapters where the fundamental aspects of diffusion in polymers are presented. The following chapters, then, each examine some area of applied science where permeability is a key issue. Each chapter is reasonably self-contained and intended to be informative without frequent outside reference. This inevitably leads to some repetition, but it is hoped that this is not excessive.
Book Synopsis Solvents and Solvent Effects in Organic Chemistry by : Christian Reichardt
Download or read book Solvents and Solvent Effects in Organic Chemistry written by Christian Reichardt and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-03-06 with total page 653 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In most cases, every chemist must deal with solvent effects, whether voluntarily or otherwise. Since its publication, this has been the standard reference on all topics related to solvents and solvent effects in organic chemistry. Christian Reichardt provides reliable information on the subject, allowing chemists to understand and effectively use these phenomena. 3rd updated and enlarged edition of a classic 35% more contents excellent, proven concept includes current developments, such as ionic liquids indispensable in research and industry From the reviews of the second edition: "...This is an immensely useful book, and the source that I would turn to first when seeking virtually any information about solvent effects." —Organometallics
Book Synopsis Trends in Food Engineering by : Jorge E. Lozano
Download or read book Trends in Food Engineering written by Jorge E. Lozano and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2000-06-07 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trends in Food Engineering presents a wide vision of food engineering, with an emphasis on topics vital to the food industry today. The first section deals with physical and sensory properties of food. The emphasis in these chapters is on structure-function relationships, food rheology, and the correlations between physicochemical and sensory data. The second section, on advances in food processing, includes recent developments in minimal preservation and thermal and nonthermal processing of foods. The book concludes with current topics in food engineering, including applied biotechnology, food additives, and functional properties of proteins.
Book Synopsis The Properties of Solvents by : Y. Marcus
Download or read book The Properties of Solvents written by Y. Marcus and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1998-10-20 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Properties of Solvents Yizhak Marcus Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel The Properties of Solvents contains extensively annotated tables of physical, chemical and related properties for over 250 solvents. Factual knowledge of solvent effects on solvation, solubility, chemical equilibria and reaction rate is important for theoretical and practical applications. This volume will enable chemists to choose solvents rationally, taking into account solvent properties and the expected results. The Properties of Solvents is a valuable source of information for all who are interested in the behaviour of solutions. These include solution, organic, analytical and physical chemists. Contents * Introduction * Solvent effects * Physical properties * Chemical properties * Applications The Wiley Series in Solution Chemistry fills the increasing need to present authoritative, comprehensive and fully up-to-date accounts of the many aspects of solution chemistry. Internationally recognized experts from research or teaching institutions in various countries are invited to contribute to the series.
Book Synopsis Green Chemistry by : Paul T. Anastas
Download or read book Green Chemistry written by Paul T. Anastas and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2000-01-01 with total page 135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ''As the summary of a vision, the book is brilliant. One can feel the enthusiasm of the authors throughout...I see it as a vehicle for initiating a fruitful dialogue between chemical producers and regulatory enforcers without the confrontation, which often characterizes such interactions.' ' -Martyn Poliakoff, Green Chemistry, February ' Its is an introductory text taking a broad view and intergrating a wide range of topics including synthetic methodologies, alternative solvents and catalysts, biosynthesis and alternative feedstocks. There are exercises for students and the last chapter deals with future trends' Aslib