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Simultaneous Removal Of Ammonia And Phosphorus From Wastewater In A Continuous Flow Vertical Bioreactor
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Book Synopsis Simultaneous Removal of Ammonia and Phosphorus from Wastewater in a Continuous Flow Vertical Bioreactor by : Maryam Reza
Download or read book Simultaneous Removal of Ammonia and Phosphorus from Wastewater in a Continuous Flow Vertical Bioreactor written by Maryam Reza and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this PhD thesis was to study, develop and analyze an effective bioreactor and biological process to simultaneously remove nitrogen and phosphorus compounds from wastewater with minimum requirements for energy and footprint. A novel biological nutrient removal process was developed in a vertically configured pilot-scale bioreactor. The bioreactor set-up and its biological process were undertaken in the Water Technologies Laboratory at Ryerson University from November 2012 to December 2013. The bioreactor consisted of three consecutive vertical stages including Anoxic 1, Anoxic 2 and Aerobic stages. The reactor was aligned with an Anaerobic Lateral Unit (ALU) which provided a strict anaerobic condition to cultivate and promote the growth of phosphorus accumulating organisms (PAOs). The unique features of the bioreactor are the foundations for development of a simultaneous nitrification-denitrification-biological phosphorus removal process (SNDP). This thesis reveals that SNDP is the main pathway for the removal of ammonia, nitrate, nitrite and phosphorus. The SNDP process shows high level of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds removal with over 95% phosphorous and nitrogen removal efficiencies during one (1) year of laboratory operations. The co-existence of microorganisms in the SNDP process was highly influenced by the actions of all three redox conditions, 1) anaerobic, 2) anoxic, and 3) aerobic zones. The redox variations were influenced by the bioreactor configuration, HRTs, SRTs and nutrient concentrations. The biomass samples from the bioreactor were studied rigorously using advanced molecular biology techniques such as genomic sequencing. Microbial structure, diversity and interactions in the SNDP were studied in details. The results obtained in this work proved the presence of a new genus of microorganism known as Saprospiracae which occupied more than 67% of the biomass in the Anoxic stages and 48% of the biomass in the Aerobic stage of the bioreactor. The second largest group belonged to the genus of Zoogloea with over 11% and 36% in the Anoxic and Aerobic stages respectively. The vertical continuous flow bioreactor developed and operated in this research created a unique habitat for the growth of these microorganisms. To optimize the SNDP process, a series of experiments were performed on the bioreactor by varying three important parameters including: 1) Dissolved Oxygen (DO) concentration in the Aerobic stage ranging from 0-0.5 to 5.5-6 mg/L; 2) COD concentration in the Anaerobic stage ranging from 1000 to 1400 mg/L and, 3) NH3-N concentration in the inlet ranging from 49 to 120 mg/L. The experimental results showed that DO in the range of 2.5-3 mg/L were the optimum concentration for the SNDP process. The COD concentrations fed to the ALU could be lowered to 1000mg/L at SRT of approximately 50 days. Moreover, the intracellular PHAs in the biomass was found to be a great asset for the SNDP process as COD addition to the ALU could be lowered from 1400 mg/L to 1000 mg/L without having any negative impact on the process. The inlet NH3-N concentration of 49 mg/L was found to be the optimum level for the SNDP process. Biological phosphorus uptake was negatively affected when NH3-N concentration in the inlet was increased from 49 mg/L to 120 mg/L. The negative effects of high NH3-N were likely caused by increase in NO2- concentration and accumulation in the bioreactor which inhibited the activities of the PAOs. Both the SNDP process developed in this research and the vertical continuous flow bioreactor are innovations in the area of water/wastewater treatment. Indeed, the microbial distributions in anoxic and aerobic environment have not been found in any laboratory scale nor large scale BNR plant to date.
Book Synopsis Simultaneous Biological Nitrogen Removal and Electrochemical Phosphorus Recovery from Municipal Wastewater by : Damian Jakub Kruk
Download or read book Simultaneous Biological Nitrogen Removal and Electrochemical Phosphorus Recovery from Municipal Wastewater written by Damian Jakub Kruk and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main objective of the study was to develop a partial nitrification/anammox electrically assisted struvite yield membrane bioreactor (PN/A EASY MBR) with simultaneous phosphorus recovery for treatment of municipal wastewater. The research was conducted in four separate experiments evaluating the feasibility of electrochemical phosphorus recovery, impact of electric current on nitrifying and anammox bacteria, and long term anammox performance at low temperature. The EASY method based on the magnesium dissolution from a sacrificial anode was found to be very effective in recovery of high-quality struvite even from fermented waste activated sludge from a wastewater treatment plant that does not practice enhanced biological phosphorus removal. Effects of short and long term exposure of nitrifying biomass to direct current were investigated using inert graphite electrodes. Both short and long term exposure kinetic tests indicated that the activity of ammonia oxidizing bacteria was slightly inhibited with almost linear decline, whereas the activity of nitrite oxidizing bacteria was stimulated. The trends of relative activity changes exhibit a high correlation to the electric current applied per mass of volatile suspended solids. Low temperatures are one of the main obstacles to implementation in the main stream. In this study the impact of long-term exposure to a temperature of 10°C on the anammox process was investigated. Quantitative PCR was used to follow the population dynamics of different strains of anammox bacteria. Results of the investigation of the electric current impact on anammox activity provided evidence that simultaneous anammox and electrochemical processes is not a feasible approach. However, the study provided a novel method of phosphorus recovery available also for non-EBPR plants, which can be applied in the mainstream process simultaneously with conventional nitrification. The study of anammox at low temperature generated valuable insights for development of mainstream anammox treatment.
Book Synopsis Phosphorus Recovery from Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor (AnMBR) Permeate by Chemical Coagulation and Bioelectrochemical Processes by : Evan Heronemus
Download or read book Phosphorus Recovery from Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor (AnMBR) Permeate by Chemical Coagulation and Bioelectrochemical Processes written by Evan Heronemus and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the world's population continues to increase, demand for natural resources will continue to grow, especially those needed for the production of food, energy, and water. Dwindling resources have already began pushing society towards a circular economy model, as supply chain disruptions and price instability of these limited resources creates a need to generate more raw materials from waste products. Phosphorus is one of these critical raw materials being depleted, which is mined for approximately 20 million tons each year. It is unclear how long these phosphate reserves will last, but it is estimated that demand could outpace supply this century, possibly by 2035. Anaerobic membrane bioreactors (AnMBRs) represent an emerging environmental biotechnology platform with the potential to simultaneously recover water, energy, as well as nutrients from a variety of different concentrated wastewaters, recycling the waste as raw materials into the circular economy. While AnMBRs keep the nutrients in a more easily recoverable form in the liquid stream, there is limited work demonstrating nutrient recovery paired with an AnMBR. This study focused on capturing the phosphorus present in the permeate from the AnMBR using conventional chemical coagulation-flocculation-sedimentation processes, further aided by emerging platforms such as bioelectrochemical systems for further polishing of the effluent and enhancing the nutrient product quality. This research was accomplished through four objectives. Objective 1 sought to evaluate performance of coagulation-flocculation-sedimentation systems for the simultaneous removal of phosphorus and sulfide from wastewater permeate after treatment through an anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR). Iron addition was found to effectively remove phosphate at an efficiency of over 90% in municipal wastewater with a sulfide removal of over 99% when the system was continuously operated, the findings from which were published in a peer reviewed journal. Calcium addition showed high phosphate removal with no significant sulfide removal, but long-term continuous pilot scale data is still pending future work. Objective 2 aimed to assess the efficiency of iron phosphate recovery form wastewater and its potential as a fertilizer, and it was found that the recovered nutrient product acted as a phosphorus sink, giving it certain applications, but making it an ineffective fertilizer product. These findings were also published in a peer review journal. Objective 3 focused on tailored chemical addition of calcium to form the most calcium phosphate product that is most plant available. pH control was found to be important for producing a better product. Further removal will still be required after coagulation to meet discharge standards for swine wastewater, and capacitive deionization has the potential to achieve this, but future work outside the scope of this thesis is needed. However objective 4 aimed to provide preliminary steps for this process, by comparing the Coulombic recovery from acetate-fed and glucose-fed microbial electrochemical systems to determine the feasibility of directly feeding wastewater for capacitive deionization of phosphate. These experiments found methane to be a substantial electron sink at the anode, limiting the Coulombic efficiency of reactors with glucose as the substrate.
Book Synopsis Simultaneous Nitrification and Denitrification of Wastewater Using a Silicone Membrane Aerated Bioreactor by : Kirk Hjelte Waltz
Download or read book Simultaneous Nitrification and Denitrification of Wastewater Using a Silicone Membrane Aerated Bioreactor written by Kirk Hjelte Waltz and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 93 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the use of a single reactor to biologically treat wastewater by simultaneously oxidizing ammonia, and reducing nitrate and nitrite. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) places strict discharge restrictions on these compounds due to their inherent toxicity to humans, wildlife, and ecosystems. The use of a simultaneous system can assist the conventional wastewater treatment technology that requires separate systems, by creating a system that needs less time and smaller size to reach effluent requirements. To conduct this research, a bench-scale membrane aerated biofilm reactor was built using silicone tubing for aeration. Batch and continuous-flow experiments were conducted to investigate the reactor's capability to oxidize ammonia using a defined growth media and monitor nitrate production and reduction. Also, wastewater from a local reclamation facility was used to determine the reactor's ability to nitrify ammonia and denitrify nitrate concentrations within wastewater. The wastewater was taken from different locations within the reclamation facility, and combinations of primary and nitrified effluent were used to monitor ammonia and nitrate concentration changes. The batch experiments showed the greatest changes, and one batch experiment showed a 79% decrease in ammonium concentrations, and followed a first-order kinetics rate constant of -0.0284 hrs-1. The continuous-flow experiments showed much greater fluctuations in results, but one of the experiments showed an ammonia oxidation efficiency of 86%. The wastewater experiments had even greater fluctuations, and the effluent concentrations of ammonia, nitrate and nitrite showed no changes when compared to the influent.
Book Synopsis Experimental Studies Of Simultaneous Nitrification Denitrification And Phosphorus Removal At Falkenburg Advanced Wastewater Treatment Plant by : Ann Elizabeth Sager
Download or read book Experimental Studies Of Simultaneous Nitrification Denitrification And Phosphorus Removal At Falkenburg Advanced Wastewater Treatment Plant written by Ann Elizabeth Sager and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The discharge of point- and non-point source pollutants into surface waters resulting from industrial and/or municipal activities is a major focus of environmental regulation in the United States. As a result, the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit program was established in 1972 in an effort to regulate discharges from industrial or municipal sources, including wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). To further protect Florida water quality, in 1978, State legislation enacted the Grizzle-Figg Act for Tampa Bay, which requires advanced wastewater treatment for any discharge into sensitive water bodies. A common use of wastewater effluent in the Tampa Bay area is for reclaimed water for irrigation. This leads to an estimated 90% reduction of total nitrogen (TN) load to the bay in comparison to direct discharge (TBEP, 2016). One type of wastewater treatment process that has been shown to have low aeration and chemical requirements is simultaneous nitrification denitrification (SND), which can be carried out in an oxidation ditch. SND is a biological process for nitrogen removal where nitrification and denitrification occur at the same time within the same reactor. An oxidation ditch is a race-track type reactor that promotes the occurrence biological conversion of reactive nitrogen to nitrogen gas (N2) and additionally can provide enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR). Many theories exist as to the mechanisms that allow SND to occur, but the literature is inconclusive as to whether the presence of different zones within the floc, within the reactor itself, a combination of the two or unique microorganisms are responsible for SND. Advantages of SND include efficient (80-96%) nitrogen removal, with significant reductions in energy, chemical, equipment and spatial requirements.
Book Synopsis Bioelectrochemical Systems by : Korneel Rabaey
Download or read book Bioelectrochemical Systems written by Korneel Rabaey and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2009-12-01 with total page 525 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the context of wastewater treatment, Bioelectrochemical Systems (BESs) have gained considerable interest in the past few years, and several BES processes are on the brink of application to this area. This book, written by a large number of world experts in the different sub-topics, describes the different aspects and processes relevant to their development. Bioelectrochemical Systems (BESs) use micro-organisms to catalyze an oxidation and/or reduction reaction at an anodic and cathodic electrode respectively. Briefly, at an anode oxidation of organic and inorganic electron donors can occur. Prime examples of such electron donors are waste organics and sulfides. At the cathode, an electron acceptor such as oxygen or nitrate can be reduced. The anode and the cathode are connected through an electrical circuit. If electrical power is harvested from this circuit, the system is called a Microbial Fuel Cell; if electrical power is invested, the system is called a Microbial Electrolysis Cell. The overall framework of bio-energy and bio-fuels is discussed. A number of chapters discuss the basics – microbiology, microbial ecology, electrochemistry, technology and materials development. The book continues by highlighting the plurality of processes based on BES technology already in existence, going from wastewater based reactors to sediment based bio-batteries. The integration of BESs into existing water or process lines is discussed. Finally, an outlook is provided of how BES will fit within the emerging biorefinery area.
Book Synopsis Waste Management for the Food Industries by : Ioannis S. Arvanitoyannis
Download or read book Waste Management for the Food Industries written by Ioannis S. Arvanitoyannis and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2010-07-28 with total page 1096 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The continuously increasing human population, has resulted in a huge demand for processed and packaged foods. As a result of this demand, large amounts of water, air, electricity and fuel are consumed on a daily basis for food processing, transportation and preservation purposes. Although not one of the most heavily polluting, the food industry does contribute to the increase in volume of waste produced as well as to the energy expended to do so. For the first time, nine separate food industry categories are thoroughly investigated in Waste Management for the Food Industries in an effort to help combat this already acute problem. The current state of environmental management systems is described, offering comparisons of global legislation rarely found in other resources. An extensive review of commercial equipment, including advantages and disadvantages per employed waste management technique, offers a unique perspective for any academic, student, professional, and/or consultant in the food, agriculture and environmental industries. - Thoroughly examines the most prevalent and most polluting industries such as Meat, Fish, Dairy, Olive Oil, Juice and Wine industries - Includes synoptical tables [methods employed, physicochemical or microbiological parameters altered after treatment etc] and comparative figures of the effectiveness of various waste management methods - Contains nearly 2500 of the most up-to-date references available
Book Synopsis Environmental Biotechnology by : Bruce E. Rittmann
Download or read book Environmental Biotechnology written by Bruce E. Rittmann and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Mathematical Modelling and Computer Simulation of Activated Sludge Systems by : Jacek Makinia
Download or read book Mathematical Modelling and Computer Simulation of Activated Sludge Systems written by Jacek Makinia and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2020-03-02 with total page 682 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mathematical Modelling and Computer Simulation of Activated Sludge Systems – Second Edition provides, from the process engineering perspective, a comprehensive and up-to-date overview regarding various aspects of the mechanistic (“white box”) modelling and simulation of advanced activated sludge systems performing biological nutrient removal. In the new edition of the book, a special focus is given to nitrogen removal and the latest developments in modelling the innovative nitrogen removal processes. Furthermore, a new section on micropollutant removal has been added. The focus of modelling has been shifting in the last years to models that can describe the performance of a whole plant (plant-wide modelling). The expanded part of this new edition introduces models describing the most important processes interrelated with the mainstream activated sludge systems as well as models describing the energy balance, operating costs and environmental impact. The complex process evaluation, including minimization of energy consumption and carbon footprint, is in line with the present and future wastewater treatment goals. By combining a general introduction and a textbook, this book serves both intermediate and more experienced model users, both researchers and practitioners, as a comprehensive guide to modelling and simulation studies. The book can be used as a supplemental material at graduate and post-graduate levels of wastewater engineering/modelling courses.
Author :United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Technology Transfer Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :466 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (2 download)
Book Synopsis Process Design Manual for Nitrogen Control by : United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Technology Transfer
Download or read book Process Design Manual for Nitrogen Control written by United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Technology Transfer and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Current Developments in Biotechnology and Bioengineering by : Xuan-Thanh Bui
Download or read book Current Developments in Biotechnology and Bioengineering written by Xuan-Thanh Bui and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-08-19 with total page 640 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Biological Wastewater Treatment Systems covers different recent advanced technologies, including green technologies, for biological wastewater treatment and wastewater reuse. The technologies involve novel biological processes and/or modified processes coupled with nano materials for improving the performance of the existing treatment processes. The book also describes treatment strategies for the current pollution from complex organic matter, nutrients, toxic substances, micro plastics and emerging micro pollutants in different water resources. The treatment processes describe the recent developed technologies for wastewater treatment and reuse such as biological nutrient removal, bioreactors, photobioreactors, membrane bioreactors, wetlands, algae-bacteria process, natural treatments, integrated/hybrid bio systems, etc. The novel bio systems include aerobic, anaerobic, facultative operation modes with various of types of microorganisms. - Provides updated information on biological nutrient removal from wastewater - Includes anaerobic and aerobic wastewater treatment processes - Provides state-of-art information on design and operation of novel systems, including membrane bioreactors - Describes hybrid treatment processes
Book Synopsis New progresses of fish meal replacement in aquatic animals by : Jin Niu
Download or read book New progresses of fish meal replacement in aquatic animals written by Jin Niu and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-12-23 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Innovative Wastewater Treatment & Resource Recovery Technologies: Impacts on Energy, Economy and Environment by : Juan M. Lema
Download or read book Innovative Wastewater Treatment & Resource Recovery Technologies: Impacts on Energy, Economy and Environment written by Juan M. Lema and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2017-06-15 with total page 690 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces the 3R concept applied to wastewater treatment and resource recovery under a double perspective. Firstly, it deals with innovative technologies leading to: Reducing energy requirements, space and impacts; Reusing water and sludge of sufficient quality; and Recovering resources such as energy, nutrients, metals and chemicals, including biopolymers. Besides targeting effective C,N&P removal, other issues such as organic micropollutants, gases and odours emissions are considered. Most of the technologies analysed have been tested at pilot- or at full-scale. Tools and methods for their Economic, Environmental, Legal and Social impact assessment are described. The 3R concept is also applied to Innovative Processes design, considering different levels of innovation: Retrofitting, where novel units are included in more conventional processes; Re-Thinking, which implies a substantial flowsheet modification; and Re-Imagining, with completely new conceptions. Tools are presented for Modelling, Optimising and Selecting the most suitable plant layout for each particular scenario from a holistic technical, economic and environmental point of view.
Book Synopsis Microbial Electrochemical Technologies by : Sonia M. Tiquia-Arashiro
Download or read book Microbial Electrochemical Technologies written by Sonia M. Tiquia-Arashiro and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-01-06 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book encompasses the most updated and recent account of research and implementation of Microbial Electrochemical Technologies (METs) from pioneers and experienced researchers in the field who have been working on the interface between electrochemistry and microbiology/biotechnology for many years. It provides a holistic view of the METs, detailing the functional mechanisms, operational configurations, influencing factors governing the reaction process and integration strategies. The book not only provides historical perspectives of the technology and its evolution over the years but also the most recent examples of up-scaling and near future commercialization, making it a must-read for researchers, students, industry practitioners and science enthusiasts. Key Features: Introduces novel technologies that can impact the future infrastructure at the water-energy nexus. Outlines methodologies development and application of microbial electrochemical technologies and details out the illustrations of microbial and electrochemical concepts. Reviews applications across a wide variety of scales, from power generation in the laboratory to approaches. Discusses techniques such as molecular biology and mathematical modeling; the future development of this promising technology; and the role of the system components for the implementation of bioelectrochemical technologies for practical utility. Explores key challenges for implementing these systems and compares them to similar renewable energy technologies, including their efficiency, scalability, system lifetimes, and reliability.
Book Synopsis Activated Sludge and Aerobic Biofilm Reactors by : Marcos Von Sperling
Download or read book Activated Sludge and Aerobic Biofilm Reactors written by Marcos Von Sperling and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2007-03-30 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Activated Sludge and Aerobic Biofilm Reactors is the fifth volume in the series Biological Wastewater Treatment. The first part of the book is devoted to the activated sludge process, covering the removal of organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus.A detailed analysis of the biological reactor (aeration tank) and the final sedimentation tanks is provided. The second part of the book covers aerobic biofilm reactors, especially trickling filters, rotating biological contractors and submerged aerated biofilters. For all the systems, the book presents in a clear and informative way the main concepts, working principles, expected removal efficiencies, design criteria, design examples, construction aspects and operational guidelines. About the series: The series is based on a highly acclaimed set of best selling textbooks. This international version is comprised by six textbooks giving a state-of-the-art presentation of the science and technology of biological wastewater treatment. Other titles in the series are: Volume 1: Waste Stabilisation Ponds; Volume 2: Basic Principles of Wastewater Treatment; Volume 3: Waste Stabilization Ponds; Volume 4: Anaerobic Reactors; Volume 6: Sludge Treatment and Disposal
Download or read book Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 2454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vols. for 1963- include as pt. 2 of the Jan. issue: Medical subject headings.
Book Synopsis Wastewater Treatment in Constructed Wetlands with Horizontal Sub-Surface Flow by : Jan Vymazal
Download or read book Wastewater Treatment in Constructed Wetlands with Horizontal Sub-Surface Flow written by Jan Vymazal and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-07-15 with total page 579 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wetlands have been used for uncontrolled wastewater disposal for centuries. However, the change in attitude towards wetlands during the 1950s and 1960s caused the minimization of the use of natural wetlands for wastewater treatment (at least in developed countries). Constructed wetlands have been used for wastewater treatment for about forty years. Constructed wetland treatment systems are engineered systems that have been designed and constructed to utilize the natural processes for removal of pollutants. They are designed to take advantage of many of the same processes that occur in natural wetlands, but do so within a more controlled environment. The aim of this book is to summarize the knowledge on horizontal s- surface flow constructed wetlands (HF CWs) and objectively evaluate their treatment efficiency under various conditions. The information on this type of wastewater treatment technology is scattered in many publications but a comprehensive summary based on world-wide experience has been lacking. The book provides an extensive overview of this treatment technology around the world, including examples from more than 50 countries and examples of various types of wastewater treated in HF CWs.
