Simulation And Optimization Of Treated Palm Oil Mill Effluent Pome Processing For Water Reuse

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Simulation and Optimization of Treated Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) Processing for Water Reuse

Author : Tamrin Tajari
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 210 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (957 download)

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Book Synopsis Simulation and Optimization of Treated Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) Processing for Water Reuse by : Tamrin Tajari

Download or read book Simulation and Optimization of Treated Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) Processing for Water Reuse written by Tamrin Tajari and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Malaysia, palm oil mill effluent (POME) production increases every year, in fact in 2013 alone, Malaysia produced more than 16 million tonne of crude palm oil (CPO) where millions of tons of treated POME were discharged into the water bodies as clean effluent after the anaerobic-aerobic treatment. Despite that, treated POME potentially can become alternative water resource for reclamation and reuse on-site. This study aims to simulate and optimize treated POME for reuse using adsorption followed by filtration for solid residual removal. Shake flasks were used to study the adsorption's isotherm and kinetics models, and later optimized using Design Expert v7.0. The simulation was done using SuperPro Designer v5.5 for the economics feasibility of the system. Process water quality standards as practiced industrially in Malaysia was used for comparison to find the suitableness of the reclaim water. Commercial powdered activated carbon (PAC) was used as an adsorbent for the study. Batch studies were used to determine the adsorption's isotherm and kinetics models for COD, calcium hardness and colour as parameters for reclamation purposes. The results show the equilibrium operational conditions were achieved at 30 g/L of PAC dosage, 15 minutes of contact time, and 150 rpm of agitation for COD, calcium hardness and colour adsorption with removal efficiency of more than 90%. The isotherm models show that COD, calcium hardness, and colour were best suited for Freundlich isotherm model with R2 values of 0.9812, 0.9917, and 0.8835 respectively, while the kinetic models show all the adsorbates best suited the pseudo-second-order kinetic model with R2 values of 1.000. ANOVA results using Design Expert v7.0 indicate the quadratic model for COD, calcium hardness, and colour was significant with R2, adjusted-R2 and predicted-R2 more than 0.90. The optimum values obtained show that the lowest adsorbates residual can be achieved by using 40 g/L PAC dosage, while there were dynamic relationship between contact time and agitation as shown in run 8 and run 10 in the optimization table to achieve minimum adsorbates residual. In addition, the validation process proves the optimization models were valid with less 10% of measured and calculated results for shake flask, meanwhile when scaled-up to 5L of sample, the results gave satisfactory results for all of the adsorbates. The economic analysis of the system shows the market price of the PAC determines more than 96% of the total operating costs with unit production cost of RM13/m3 of reclaim water from treated POME, which is highly likely not feasible if the design and the process modification was not done later or using alternative adsorbent which is more cheaper. However, the results obtained in the validation process shows the effluent quality would comply generally with the standards in paper sector as practiced in the Europe (AquaFit4Use, 2010), water makeup for cooling water and other various industries (USEPA, 2004), and as practiced by petrochemical plants as makeup water for cooling water in Malaysia. This show that the proposed treatment system potentially able to reclaim biologically treated POME for reuse (in terms of quality), thus industrial sustainability and environmental friendly are achievable.

Handbook of Water Harvesting and Conservation

Author : Saeid Eslamian
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119478952
Total Pages : 528 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (194 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Water Harvesting and Conservation by : Saeid Eslamian

Download or read book Handbook of Water Harvesting and Conservation written by Saeid Eslamian and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-03-01 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water harvesting is gaining more and more recognition as a sustainable and resilient water supply options. It is economically viable, socially compatible and environmentally friendly. Water harvesting has proven to be a robust solution to overcome or reduce water shortages all over the world. It is important to understand how to apply this practice in a sustainable and effective way to make full use of its potential in a world increasingly threatened by water scarcity. The Handbook of Water Harvesting and Conservation: Basic Concepts and Fundamentals is the most comprehensive, up-to-date and applied handbook on water harvesting and conservation yet published. The book’s 30 chapters -- written by 84 outstanding international experts from approximately 20 selected countries faced by drought -- explore, critique and develop concepts and systems for water harvesting. The editors bring together many perspectives into a synthesis that is both academically based and practical in its potential applications. The Handbook of Water Harvesting and Conservation: Basic Concepts and Fundamentals is an important tool for education, research and technical works in the areas of soil, water and watershed management and is highly useful for drought strategy planning, flood management and developing techniques to adapt to climate change in urban, agricultural, forest and rangeland areas.

Ph Treatment of Pome Via Biological Process - Optimization

Author : Anis Sakinah Lokman Hakim
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 62 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (953 download)

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Book Synopsis Ph Treatment of Pome Via Biological Process - Optimization by : Anis Sakinah Lokman Hakim

Download or read book Ph Treatment of Pome Via Biological Process - Optimization written by Anis Sakinah Lokman Hakim and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Palm oil mill effluent (POME) has been known as organic waste product from palm oil production which is featured by low pH of 3.5-4.5, high value of biological demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and suspended solids. It is found that palm oil industry is one of the contributors of environmental pollution if their waste not being treated well. So, it is mandatory for all palm oil mills to treat their wastewaters on site to an acceptable level before it is allowed to be discharged into the water courses. Biological treatment appears less cost than chemical and physical methods, and also much faster than natural oxidation, with a lower environmental impact. Thus, this study is aims to optimize the factors which are influencing biological pH treatment of acidic POME by using research surface methodology (RSM) with CCD response of Design Expert software via biological treatment of using soil mixed culture. In the beginning, the sample of acidic POME was collected from a nearby palm oil mill whereas soil mixed culture was obtained from soil near to plants root system. Preliminary study to obtain the best reaction time was done in 5th days and at the end, the utilization was performed better in between 3rd-4th days. Then, an acclimatization of soil mixed culture together with POME was conducted and 13 experimental runs were done according to RSM. Lastly, all the experimental results data will be optimized using RSM with factorial central composite design (CCD) using the software package Design Expert Version 6.0. The model showed that pH will increase upon increasing of agitation and temperature between to optimum conditions, but declined with further increases of these factors. From these optimum condition, it can be concluded that agitation and temperature had an individual significant influence on pH. Yet, the agitation and temperature was interdependent or having significant interaction on pH treatment while pH and temperature were interdependent according to the study and slightly interdependent and their interactive effects were insignificant. Based on the results, the predicted optimum condition suggested by software is temperature of 32.50 and agitation speed of 125 rpm. The expected pH value of 8.03 may obtained. Thus, the experimental response variables were very close to those predicted by RSM, indicating that RSM was a useful tool to optimize the pH treatment. Besides, the error generated was 2.293% indicated that the data was valid since the result does not excess 10%. After all, it can be concluded that the agitation speed and temperature were optimized to the optimum conditions and can be applied in industrial applications.

Engineering Technologies for Renewable and Recyclable Materials

Author : Jithin Joy
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1351377523
Total Pages : 346 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (513 download)

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Book Synopsis Engineering Technologies for Renewable and Recyclable Materials by : Jithin Joy

Download or read book Engineering Technologies for Renewable and Recyclable Materials written by Jithin Joy and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-10-03 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new resource focuses on many recent advances in recycling and reuse of materials, outlining basic tools and novel approaches. It covers such important issues as e-waste recycling, bio-mass recycling, vermitechnology, recovery of metals, polymer recycling, environmental remediation, waste management, recycling of nanostructured materials, and more. Also included is coverage of new research in the use of laser spectroscopy, pyrolysis, and recycled biomaterials for biomedical applications.

Handbook of Water Harvesting and Conservation

Author : Saeid Eslamian
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119478944
Total Pages : 528 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (194 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Water Harvesting and Conservation by : Saeid Eslamian

Download or read book Handbook of Water Harvesting and Conservation written by Saeid Eslamian and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-12-10 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water harvesting is gaining more and more recognition as a sustainable and resilient water supply options. It is economically viable, socially compatible and environmentally friendly. Water harvesting has proven to be a robust solution to overcome or reduce water shortages all over the world. It is important to understand how to apply this practice in a sustainable and effective way to make full use of its potential in a world increasingly threatened by water scarcity. The Handbook of Water Harvesting and Conservation: Basic Concepts and Fundamentals is the most comprehensive, up-to-date and applied handbook on water harvesting and conservation yet published. The book’s 30 chapters -- written by 84 outstanding international experts from approximately 20 selected countries faced by drought -- explore, critique and develop concepts and systems for water harvesting. The editors bring together many perspectives into a synthesis that is both academically based and practical in its potential applications. The Handbook of Water Harvesting and Conservation: Basic Concepts and Fundamentals is an important tool for education, research and technical works in the areas of soil, water and watershed management and is highly useful for drought strategy planning, flood management and developing techniques to adapt to climate change in urban, agricultural, forest and rangeland areas.

Handbook of Water Harvesting and Conservation

Author : Saeid Eslamian
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119775981
Total Pages : 62 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (197 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Water Harvesting and Conservation by : Saeid Eslamian

Download or read book Handbook of Water Harvesting and Conservation written by Saeid Eslamian and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-04-19 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water harvesting is gaining more and more recognition as the sustainable and resilient alternative to other water supply options. It is economically viable, socially compatible and environmentally friendly. Water harvesting has proven to be a robust solution to overcome or reduce water shortages all over the world. To apply this in a sustainable and effective way, it is important to understand exactly where it can be applied to make full use of its potential. The Handbook of Water Harvesting and Conservation: Case Studies and Application Examples is the most comprehensive, up-to-date and applied casebook on water harvesting and conservation yet published. The editors bring together the many perspectives into a synthesis that is both academically-based and practical in its potential applications. The Handbook of Water Harvesting and Conservation: Case Studies and Application Examples will be an important tool for education, research and technical works in the soil, water and watershed management area, and will be highly useful for drought strategy planning, flood management and adaptation to climate change in all urban, agricultural, forest, rangeland areas.

Integrated and Hybrid Process Technology for Water and Wastewater Treatment

Author : Abdul Wahab Mohammad
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128230568
Total Pages : 698 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (282 download)

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Book Synopsis Integrated and Hybrid Process Technology for Water and Wastewater Treatment by : Abdul Wahab Mohammad

Download or read book Integrated and Hybrid Process Technology for Water and Wastewater Treatment written by Abdul Wahab Mohammad and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-08-25 with total page 698 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tackling the issue of water and wastewater treatment nowadays requires novel approaches to ensure that sustainable development can be achieved. Water and wastewater treatment should not be seen only as an end-of-pipe solution but instead the approach should be more holistic and lead to a more sustainable process. This requires the integration of various methods/processes to obtain the most optimized design. Integrated and Hybrid Process Technology for Water and Wastewater Treatment discusses the state-of-the-art development in integrated and hybrid treatment processes and their applications to the treatment of a vast variety of water and wastewater sources. The approaches taken in this book are categorized as (i) resources recovery and consumption, (ii) optimal performance, (iii) physical and environmental footprints, (iv) zero liquid discharge concept and are (v) regulation-driven. Through these categories, readers will see how such an approach could benefit the water and wastewater industry. Each chapter discusses challenges and prospects of an integrated treatment process in achieving sustainable development. This book serves as a platform to provide ideas and to bridge the gap between laboratory-scale research and practical industry application. Includes comprehensive coverage on integrated and hybrid technology for water and wastewater treatment Takes a new approach in looking at how water and wastewater treatment contributes to sustainable development Provides future direction of research in sustainable water and wastewater treatment

Industrial Waste Engineering

Author : Lawrence K. Wang
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031467477
Total Pages : 570 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (314 download)

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Book Synopsis Industrial Waste Engineering by : Lawrence K. Wang

Download or read book Industrial Waste Engineering written by Lawrence K. Wang and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023 with total page 570 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume discusses: (1) the treatment of hazardous sludge, wastewater, textile effluent, contaminated groundwater, laboratory waste, toxic dye, heavy metals, acid mine drainage and palm oil effluent; (2) the technologies of stabilization, solidification, natural coagulation-flocculation, river catchment control and mitigation, dredging and mining operations, and (3) the management of acid mines, laboratories, nano pollutants and plant effluents.

Waste Management in the Palm Oil Industry

Author : Phaik Eong Poh
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030395502
Total Pages : 81 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (33 download)

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Book Synopsis Waste Management in the Palm Oil Industry by : Phaik Eong Poh

Download or read book Waste Management in the Palm Oil Industry written by Phaik Eong Poh and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-30 with total page 81 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the technological developments that are currently being researched or implemented in the management of palm oil industrial waste. After introducing the plantation and milling processes, the book focuses on the wastes generated solely from plantation and milling activities, as reducing waste from these two sectors will enhance the overall sustainability of the entire palm oil industry eco-system. It then evaluates the sustainability of current practices and elaborates on technological developments in the two sectors, before critically assessing options to treat wastes generated from the plantation and milling process. To properly contextualise the work, it also includes a section on socio-economical sustainability, as well as an industrial case study. A valuable resource for academics interested in the evolution of sustainable waste management strategies within this industrial context, the book also appeals to practitioners in the field who wish to improve the sustainability of their particular plantation or mill.

Treatment Process of Palm Oil Mill Effluent

Author : Harry Chong Lye Hin
Publisher : Universiti Malaysia Sabah Press
ISBN 13 : 9672962444
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (729 download)

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Book Synopsis Treatment Process of Palm Oil Mill Effluent by : Harry Chong Lye Hin

Download or read book Treatment Process of Palm Oil Mill Effluent written by Harry Chong Lye Hin and published by Universiti Malaysia Sabah Press. This book was released on 2020-05-03 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sabah is generally known for its ecotourism, biodiversity and natural resources. It is a major oil palm planter in Malaysia. While there are books written on the ecological and economical aspects of the oil palm industry, there is no book written specifically on the treatment processes of palm oil mill effluent. This book is written based on a year study case in a medium-sized palm oil mill in the northern region of Sabah. It is written in the simplest way of expression and accompanied by many photos and diagrams to ease understanding. Discussions include treatment processes that occurred in the pre-, primary, secondary and tertiary treatment stages. Readers will find it to be a useful reference especially university students.

Advances in Water Treatment and Pollution Prevention

Author : Sanjay K. Sharma
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400742045
Total Pages : 472 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Advances in Water Treatment and Pollution Prevention by : Sanjay K. Sharma

Download or read book Advances in Water Treatment and Pollution Prevention written by Sanjay K. Sharma and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-06-19 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Water Treatment and Pollution Prevention explores the most up-to-date studies in the field of water pollution. More specifically, this book examines the causes and effects of this threatening phenomenon and identifies the preventive measures that can be taken to contain, and even to defeat, water pollution worldwide. The papers gathered in this volume pinpoint the need to implement greener water treatments to prevent water pollution from impacting ecosystems, human well-being and economies any further. They also successfully outline the processes that have been studied, optimized and developed so far to sustain our environment. Advances in Water Treatment and Pollution Prevention will represent a valuable resource to academic researchers, students, institutions, environmentalists, and anyone interested in environmental policies aimed at safeguarding both the quality and the quantity of water.

Zero Discharge Treatment Process for Palm Oil Mill Effluent

Author : Ahmad Rahman Songip
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 7 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (968 download)

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Book Synopsis Zero Discharge Treatment Process for Palm Oil Mill Effluent by : Ahmad Rahman Songip

Download or read book Zero Discharge Treatment Process for Palm Oil Mill Effluent written by Ahmad Rahman Songip and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For every tonne of palm oil produced, about 2.5 tonnes of wastewater are generated. Released into rivers without any treatment, this brown sludge would choke aquatic life and pollute water supplies. Realising this fact, a process treating palm oil mill effluent (POME) using evaporation technology has been studied. In a laboratory trial raw POME having a total solid concentration of 3 - 4 % has evaporated and the distillate was found to be clear but acidic (pH 4-5) with very low total solid (60 mg/I). The solid concentrate ...

Pesticide Removal by Combined Ozonation and Granular Activated Carbon Filtration

Author : Ervin Orlandini
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351425293
Total Pages : 188 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (514 download)

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Book Synopsis Pesticide Removal by Combined Ozonation and Granular Activated Carbon Filtration by : Ervin Orlandini

Download or read book Pesticide Removal by Combined Ozonation and Granular Activated Carbon Filtration written by Ervin Orlandini and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-12-19 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research aimed to identify and understand mechanisms thar underlie the beneficial effect of ozonation on removal of pesticides and other micropollutants by Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) filtration. This allows optimization of the combination of these two processes, termed Biological Activated Carbon filtration. The study concluded that ozonation significantly improves removal of atrazine by GAC filtration not only due to the wellknown effect of oxidation of atrazine, but also due to the effect of partical oxidation of Background Organic Matter (BOM) present in water. Ozone-induced oxidation of BOM was found to improve adsorption of atrazine in GAC filters. Biodegradation of atrazine in these filters wasnot demonstrated. Higher GAC's adsorption capacity for atrazine and faster atrazine's mass transfer in filters with ozonated rather than non-ozonated influent were explained as due to ozonated BOM. Both can be attributed to enhanced biodegradability and reduced adsorbsbility of partially ozidated BOM compounds, resulting in their increased biodegradation and decreased adsorption in GAC filters.

Sludge Treatment and Disposal

Author : Cleverson Vitorio Andreoli
Publisher : IWA Publishing
ISBN 13 : 184339166X
Total Pages : 257 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (433 download)

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Book Synopsis Sludge Treatment and Disposal by : Cleverson Vitorio Andreoli

Download or read book Sludge Treatment and Disposal written by Cleverson Vitorio Andreoli and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2007-03-30 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sludge Treatment and Disposal is the sixth volume in the series Biological Wastewater Treatment. The book covers in a clear and informative way the sludge characteristics, production, treatment (thickening, dewatering, stabilisation, pathogens removal) and disposal (land application for agricultural purposes, sanitary landfills, landfarming and other methods). Environmental and public health issues are also fully described. About the series: The series is based on a highly acclaimed set of best selling textbooks. This international version is comprised by six textbooks giving a state-of-the-art presentation of the science and technology of biological wastewater treatment. Other titles in the series are: Volume 1: Waste Stabilisation Ponds; Volume 2: Basic Principles of Wastewater Treatment; Volume 3: Waste Stabilization Ponds; Volume 4: Anaerobic Reactors; Volume 5: Activated Sludge and Aerobic Biofilm Reactors

Industrial Wastewater Treatment, Recycling and Reuse

Author : Vivek V. Ranade
Publisher : Butterworth-Heinemann
ISBN 13 : 0444634037
Total Pages : 577 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (446 download)

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Book Synopsis Industrial Wastewater Treatment, Recycling and Reuse by : Vivek V. Ranade

Download or read book Industrial Wastewater Treatment, Recycling and Reuse written by Vivek V. Ranade and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2014-07-21 with total page 577 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Industrial Wastewater Treatment, Recycling and Reuse is an accessible reference to assist you when handling wastewater treatment and recycling. It features an instructive compilation of methodologies, including advanced physico-chemical methods and biological methods of treatment. It focuses on recent industry practices and preferences, along with newer methodologies for energy generation through waste. The book is based on a workshop run by the Indus MAGIC program of CSIR, India. It covers advanced processes in industrial wastewater treatment, applications, and feasibility analysis, and explores the process intensification approach as well as implications for industrial applications. Techno-economic feasibility evaluation is addressed, along with a comparison of different approaches illustrated by specific case studies. Industrial Wastewater Treatment, Recycling and Reuse introduces you to the subject with specific reference to problems currently being experienced in different industry sectors, including the petroleum industry, the fine chemical industry, and the specialty chemicals manufacturing sector. - Provides practical solutions for the treatment and recycling of industrial wastewater via case studies - Instructive articles from expert authors give a concise overview of different physico-chemical and biological methods of treatment, cost-to-benefit analysis, and process comparison - Supplies you with the relevant information to make quick process decisions

Treatment of Palm Oil Effluent (POME) Using Membrane Bioreactor

Author : Hazlan Haris
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 49 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (953 download)

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Book Synopsis Treatment of Palm Oil Effluent (POME) Using Membrane Bioreactor by : Hazlan Haris

Download or read book Treatment of Palm Oil Effluent (POME) Using Membrane Bioreactor written by Hazlan Haris and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Malaysia is the largest producer and exporter of palm oil. The serious problems in the palm fruit processing is the managing of the wastes generated during the rocesses. The wastes consist of a significant amount of solid wastes and a wastewater called palm oil mill effluent (POME). POME is a thick brownish liquid that contains high amount of total solids (40,500 mg/L), oil and grease (4000 mg/L), Chemical Oxygen Demand (50,000 mg/L), and Biochemical Oxygen Demand (25,000 mg/L). This highly polluting effluent is becoming a major problem to environment as if it not being treated well before discharged based on standard limit imposed by The Malaysian Department of Environment for effluent discharged. A POME treatment based on membrane technology, which is also an alternative treatment, shows highly potential to overcome the environment problem. Before membrane bioreactor pilot plant system is being introduced, a bioreactor in lab-scale is being set-up to determine the vital information regarding the most effective way to treat the wastewater. Samples from mixing ponds which act as activated sludge are collected and being analyze using water analyzer method to obtain parameters such as BOD, COD, suspended solid, turbidity and pH. Wastewater sample from facultative ponds is also being analyzed than mix with activated sludge treated in the bioreactor. Result from lab-scale bioreactor is used in membrane bioreactor pilot plant system to treat the wastewater. Result from bioreactor treatment in pilot plant scale show a decrement 61.2 % of BOD and 58.9% of COD, suspended solid and turbidity is also reducing up 35.3% and 20.4% with pH in range of 5-9. After the wastewater was treated in the ultrafiltration membrane system, high quality water with total of deterioration for all parameter is up to 99.9% and pH up to 7.39. This results show that the membrane bioreactor treatment system is highly effective in treating POME. -Author.

Hybrid Adsorption-membrane Process for Reclamation of Bio-treated Palm Oil Mill Effluent for Boiler-feed Reuse

Author : Mutiu Kolade Amosa
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 602 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (957 download)

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Book Synopsis Hybrid Adsorption-membrane Process for Reclamation of Bio-treated Palm Oil Mill Effluent for Boiler-feed Reuse by : Mutiu Kolade Amosa

Download or read book Hybrid Adsorption-membrane Process for Reclamation of Bio-treated Palm Oil Mill Effluent for Boiler-feed Reuse written by Mutiu Kolade Amosa and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 602 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Increased water shortages and waterway pollution are major problems posing risks to freshwater resources, with the highest risk from the industries. Palm oil industry is one of those industries attributed with the risks in Malaysia. As reclaimed water has been recognized as a vital and drought-proof water source to ensure economic and agricultural activities, this research addresses the reclamation of biotreated palm oil mill effluent (BPOME), applying a developed hybrid adsorption-membrane process to produce boiler-feed water for low-pressure operating industrial boilers. The process consists of an upstream adsorption process to reduce foulants' level for longer membrane life and enhanced flux. Low-cost powdered activated carbons (PACs) applied for the process were produced from empty fruit bunch (EFB) using steam and CO2 activation. The steam activated PAC was selected based on performance in the COD, Mn and H2S removals. Optimization study using Full Factorial Design (FFD) was carried out on the selected PAC with 10 responses, and it was observed that many of the boiler-feed constituents of concern have been reduced close to USEPA benchmark, except for COD, Hardness, Alkalinity and TDS. Using the optimized results, further optimization using Central Composite Design (CCD) was carried out to examine the effects of involved variables on adsorption efficacy with COD, Hardness and Alkalinity as responses. The ANOVAs suggested that all optimization models and factors were significant with R2 values of predicted and actual data close to unity. The adsorption results indicated that levels of most boiler-feed constituents of concern were further significantly reduced. Equilibrium studies were carried out by fitting the adsorption experimental data to four adsorption isotherm models in order to evaluate the applicability of the sorption process as a unit operation in the hybrid system. Langmuir isotherm was observed to fit best as it exhibited R2 values of 1.00 for COD, and 0.9999 for H2S and Mn sorption equilibria, respectively. The controlling mechanism of the adsorption processes was also examined using four kinetic models, and pseudo-second order kinetic model was found to fit best with R2 values of 1.00 for COD, H2S and Mn. The optimized result was applied in the bench scale hybrid process study. Downstream membrane filtration of the adsorbed BPOME (ABPOME) using five low pressure membranes (LPMs) were carried out and their filtration mechanisms were studied using Hermia's models at constant pressures of 40, 80 and 120 kPa. Cake filtration model dominated all other fouling mechanisms with the highest R2 values, but not without other mechanisms participating at the onset of the membrane processes. The cake analysis revealed that the cake was moderately compressible with compressibility factors (z) ranging from 0.3 to 0.52. Lower MWCO membranes (1 and 5 kDa) were found to be unsuitable for compressibility factor determination due to the negative compressibility factors they yielded. The final effluent of the hybrid process was evaluated and the constituents' levels for 1 and 5 kDa ultrafiltration membranes were within USEPA acceptable standards for low-pressure boiler-feed, cooling and process waters for cement, petroleum and coal industries without further treatment. The hybrid system's operation consumed 37.13Wh m-3 of energy at 120 kPa of applied pressure, which is far lesser than the typical energy requirement range (0.8 - 1.0 kWh m-3) for wastewater reclamation.