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Shear Wave Velocity Measurement Of Cohesionless Soils For Evaluation Of In Situ State
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Book Synopsis Shear Wave Velocity Measurement of Cohesionless Soils for Evaluation of In-situ State by : John Cecil Cunning
Download or read book Shear Wave Velocity Measurement of Cohesionless Soils for Evaluation of In-situ State written by John Cecil Cunning and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Measurement and Use of Shear Wave Velocity for Evaluating Dynamic Soil Properties by : Richard D. Woods
Download or read book Measurement and Use of Shear Wave Velocity for Evaluating Dynamic Soil Properties written by Richard D. Woods and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis In Situ Shear Wave Measurements for Evaluating Dynamic Soil Properties at the Bannister Federal Complex, Kansas City, Missouri by :
Download or read book In Situ Shear Wave Measurements for Evaluating Dynamic Soil Properties at the Bannister Federal Complex, Kansas City, Missouri written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An in situ geophysical investigation consisting of crosshole and downhole shear wave (S-wave) seismic cone penetrometer tests (SCPT) was performed at the Bannister Federal Complex (BFC) located in Kansas City, Missouri. The SCPT was also used to collect cone tip resistance and sleeve friction data to aid in characterizing the soils at the site. The results of the SCPT were used to provide a continuous prediction of soil type and N-values. The main purpose of the investigation was to determine the S-wave velocities of the soil and bedrock in the vicinity of the main building at the BFC. This information will be used to perform a dynamic analysis of the building and its foundation. The results of the dynamic analysis will be used to determine if any building design modifications are required. The S-wave velocities measured for the clay materials (alluvium) using the crosshole and SCPT methods agreed very well. The S-wave velocities in the clay material increased with depth and ranged between 350 and 775 fps. A 1- to 5-ft. thick basal clay-gravel, which overlies bedrock, showed a velocity of approximately 1,100 fps. The Pleasonton Group bedrock found at the site is a hard shaly siltstone and is encountered at a depth of approximately 40 ft. The bedrock exhibited an S-wave velocity of approximately 1,900 fps and was measured using the crosshole S-wave method. (MM).
Book Synopsis Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences by : Wade H. Shafer
Download or read book Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences written by Wade H. Shafer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences was first conceived, published, and disseminated by the Center for Information and Numerical Data Analysis and Synthesis (CINDAS)* at Purdue University in 1957, starting its coverage of theses with the academic year 1955. Beginning with Volume 13, the printing and dis semination phases of the activity were transferred to University Microfilms/Xerox of Ann Arbor, Michigan, with the thought that such an arrangement would be more beneficial to the academic and general scientific and technical community. After five years of this joint undertaking we had concluded that it was in the interest of all concerned if the printing and distribution of the volumes were handled by an international publishing house to assure improved service and broader dissemination. Hence, starting with Volume 18, Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences has been disseminated on a worldwide basis by Plenum Publishing Corporation of New York, and in the same year the coverage was broadened to include Canadian universities. All back issues can also be ordered from Plenum. We have reported in Volume 39 (thesis year 1994) a total of 13,953 thesis titles from 21 Canadian and 159 United States universities. We are sure that this broader base for these titles reported will greatly enhance the value of this impor tant annual reference work. While Volume 39 reports theses submitted in 1994, on occasion, certain uni versities do report theses submitted in previous years but not reported at the time.
Book Synopsis Geostatic Stress State Evaluation by Directional Shear Wave Velocities, with Application Towards Geocharacterization at Aiken, SC by : Taeseo Ku
Download or read book Geostatic Stress State Evaluation by Directional Shear Wave Velocities, with Application Towards Geocharacterization at Aiken, SC written by Taeseo Ku and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evaluations of stress history and the geostatic state of stress of soils are ascertained on the basis of field geophysical measurements that provide paired complementary types of shear waves. It is well-established that multiple types of shear waves occur in the ground due to their directional and polarization properties. The shear wave velocity (Vs) provides the magnitude of small strain stiffness (G0) which depends on effective stress, void ratio, stress history, and other factors (cementation, age, saturation). Herein, this study examines a hierarchy of shear wave modes with different directions of propagation and particle motion from in-situ geophysical tests (HH, VH, and HV) and laboratory bender element data. A special compiled database from well-documented worldwide sites is assembled where full profiles of stress state, stress history, and several paired modes of Vs profiles have been obtained from crosshole tests (CHT), downhole tests (DHT), and rotary crosshole (RCHT). Reference profiles of the lateral stress coefficient (K0) are available from direct in-situ measurements (self-boring pressuremeter, hydrofracture, and push-in spade cells). Stress history is documented in terms of yield stress ratio (YSR) from consolidation testing and careful engineering geology studies. A methodology is developed that relates both the YSR and K0 to stiffness ratios obtained from directional shear wave velocities. In further efforts, means to extract reliable shear wave profiles from continuous downhole testing via a new GT autosource and seismic piezocone testing are outlined and applied to results from three test sites in Windsor/VA, Norfolk/VA, and Richmond/BC.\r : A driving impetus to this research involves the geologic conditions at the US Dept. of Energy's Savannah River Site (SRS) in South Carolina. Here, the overburden soils in the upper 60 m depths consist of very old Miocene and Eocene sediments, primarily layered deposits of sands, clayey sands, silty sands, and interbedded clays which exhibit an apparent and unusual stress history profile. Special geologic conditions include the dissolutioning of old calcareous sediments (Santee Formation) at depths of 40 to 50 m below grade, similar to karstic limestone deposits. As a consequence, caves, voids, and infilled soft soil zones occur within the soil matrix at these elevations, probably resulting in localized collapse of the overlying soil column. Based on conventional laboratory and in-situ test data conducted during geotechnical investigations at SRS, available interpretative relationships for assessing the soil stress history and geostatic stress states show scattered and inconsistent results. Complications abound in the systematic assessments of these geomaterials due to effects of very old ageing, cementation, desiccation, and diagenesis, as evidenced by unusual in-situ shear wave velocity profiles that decrease in magnitude with depth, as measured by CHT and DHT. Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended that a new set of shear wave velocity measurements be made at SRS to obtain HH waves (and complementary VH waves) needed for an independent assessment of YSR in the upper soil column.
Book Synopsis Evaluation of in Situ Shear Wave Velocity Measurement Techniques by : Andy Viksne
Download or read book Evaluation of in Situ Shear Wave Velocity Measurement Techniques written by Andy Viksne and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Study of Laboratory and Field Techniques to Measure Shear Wave Parameters - Frequency Effects by : Hassan Ali
Download or read book Study of Laboratory and Field Techniques to Measure Shear Wave Parameters - Frequency Effects written by Hassan Ali and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 157 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last decade, significance of correctly evaluating the dynamic properties of soil has been widely recognized by the research community. Among various parameters, shear wave velocity and damping ratio has been recognized as the key parameter for the soils subjected to dynamic loading. The shear wave velocity is used in the geotechnical assessments for site characterization, ground response analysis, and liquefaction potential. The dynamic properties of the soils can be attained in the lab or in-situ. The dynamic soil properties are dependent on different state parameters, such as, void ratio, confining stress, water content, strain levels, and drainage conditions. Apart from the influence of the above parameters, the dynamic soil parameters are also affected by the frequency and the amplitude of the dynamic load applied to the soil. The in-situ tests compliments the laboratory testing in the evaluation of the dynamic soil parameters. Although, correlations can be used to estimate the in-situ parameters but a direct measurement is necessary. To develop a greater confidence of the results of the in-situ tests, it is helpful to compare the field results to conventional laboratory tests. In the RC testing, the effect of base stiffness has a significant effect on shear modulus and damping values. In literature, only two studies have shown the effect of base fixidity. In this thesis, the issue is addressed by testing sand and clay sample on traditional bench and isolation table. In addition to base fixidity, coupling between the specimen and base platen is also very critical. Radial blades in top and bottom platen are introduced along with porous stone fixed underneath the blades. Aluminum probes are recommended for the calibration of the RC device, however, the effect on shear modulus and damping as function of shear strain is not well studied. Therefore, the stiff probe is tested from low to large strains and effect on damping ratio is studied. Finally, a new BE method is proposed to understand the estimation of shear wave velocity at higher frequencies. Due to the large variation in the interpretation of the BE tests results, there is no standard method for the estimation of the shear wave velocity. In this thesis, a new calibration procedure using state of the art laser vibrometer is used to understand the bending behavior of benders in air and in tip to tip configuration. Shear wave velocity comparison between RC and BE tests is done in usual practice, however, the frequency effects from these two tests are not well stated. In this study, the frequency effects are studied and a new methodology, modified frequency domain method, is introduced and tested on dry specimen. The results of the BE tests match well with the RC test values. MASW is a practiced field test to evaluate the shear wave velocity profile for geomaterials, however, the effect of frequency in the case of an anomaly has not been well understood. Therefore, this study uses numerical simulations and a lab scale model to study these effects. In addition, the effect of actual accelerometers on the measurements is studied for the first time using a high frequency laser vibrometer. The frequency effects in field theory of the MASW and SCPT is also studied to address the actual limitations in the analysis of SCPT data without the consideration of frequency effects. Based on the objective, this research focuses on: (1) the study of the laboratory resonant column and bender element tests, (2) numerical simulations and laboratory surface waves testing, and (3) field testing using surface waves and seismic cone penetration method for the estimation of shear wave parameters with emphasis on the frequency effects. An important aspect of the laboratory testing is the calibration of the equipment. Standard procedures are available for the calibration of the resonant column (RC) device, however, the same is not true for the bender element (BE). In this study, the bender elements are calibrated using three different configurations, tip-to-tip, aluminum rods, and using state-of-art laser vibrometer. The State of art laser vibrometer is used to characterize the bending behavior of the bender elements showing the resonance frequency of 12 kHz and damping of 2 % when vibrating in air. The top and bottom platen of RC device were modified to allow better coupling between the specimen and benders. Radial blades were introduced to account for coupling of stiff clay specimens. Four different soils (sand, stiff clay, mine paste, and leda clay) were tested in this study. The results of the tests, from the RC and the BE tests, were analyzed in the time and the frequency domains. Comparison of the results show, a maximum of 45 $\%$ difference in the velocity obtained from the RC and BE tests. Leda clay tests were done on the modified base platens and the difference in the Vs between the RC and BE is 6% compared to the stiff clay specimen where the difference is 28% To study the difference in the Vs values between the RC and BE, a new modified frequency domain method for BE testing is presented. The method was applied to the sand specimen. The sample is excited with a frequency sweep ranging from 0 to 52 kHz and change in unwrapped phase, between the input excitation and output response, is evaluated outside the range of resonant peaks of the specimen. The Vs values from the two tests match well for the frequency range between 29 and 23 kHz, with overall less than 10 % error for the range of confinement range studied in this thesis. Numerical simulations on homogeneous and non-homogeneous medium showed the change in the phase velocity of the Rayleigh waves (R-waves) due to the presence of a void. To introduce non-homogeneity, voids of various size and depth were used. Nine numerical models were analyzed, change in the phase velocity as a function of frequency was observed. A new methodology was introduced in which the receivers were divided into three sections, before, on-top, and after the void. Results from the dispersion curves show that the change in the phase velocity (function of frequency) is between 3% to 50% for different void width and depth. Multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) test method was used as the geophysical testing method. The laboratory tests were conducted using three different configurations on sandbox. Two tests involved use of accelerometers as receivers, however, the input source was different. While the third test consisted of using state of art laser vibrometer as receiver. Using the laser vibrometer, 96 surface responses were recorded compared to 12 using accelerometers. The results from the laboratory MASW test showed the frequency effect on the measurements due to the source used in this method. Coupling of the geophone/transducer in surface wave testing is an important issue. Results from the lab test using laser vibrometer showed that the mass loading effect of accelerometer affects the frequency content of the signal. The field MASW and the SCPT tests were done at the University of Waterloo Columbia Lake Test Site (UW-CLTS). The comparison of shear wave velocity from the field MASW and the SCPT shows the average shear wave velocity profile from the two tests, however, importance in not paid to the frequency of the input signal and main frequency difference between the MASW and SCPT tests. In this study, the frequency spectrum from the MASW and the SCPT tests data were analyzed to understand the change in the shear wave velocity at different depths. From the analysis, the percentage change in shear wave velocity between MASW line 1 and SCPT 1 and 2 is more than 90 % for depths between 0 and 2 m, while it reduces to 10 % for depths between 7 and 13 m.
Book Synopsis Advances in Site Investigation Practice by : Institution of Civil Engineers (Great Britain)
Download or read book Advances in Site Investigation Practice written by Institution of Civil Engineers (Great Britain) and published by Thomas Telford. This book was released on 1996 with total page 966 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These proceedings of the international conference on advances in site investigation practice held in 1995 provide vital information for all professionals involved in the planning, execution, interpretation and applications of site investigations. It draws together the research and experience of many of the most eminent professional engineers and academics, presenting a substantial body of knowledge.
Book Synopsis Correlations of in situ measurements in sands of shear wave velocity, soil characteristics, and site conditions by : David Wayne Sykora
Download or read book Correlations of in situ measurements in sands of shear wave velocity, soil characteristics, and site conditions written by David Wayne Sykora and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 872 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Correlations of Soil and Rock Properties in Geotechnical Engineering by : Jay Ameratunga
Download or read book Correlations of Soil and Rock Properties in Geotechnical Engineering written by Jay Ameratunga and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-12-11 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a one-stop reference to the empirical correlations used extensively in geotechnical engineering. Empirical correlations play a key role in geotechnical engineering designs and analysis. Laboratory and in situ testing of soils can add significant cost to a civil engineering project. By using appropriate empirical correlations, it is possible to derive many design parameters, thus limiting our reliance on these soil tests. The authors have decades of experience in geotechnical engineering, as professional engineers or researchers. The objective of this book is to present a critical evaluation of a wide range of empirical correlations reported in the literature, along with typical values of soil parameters, in the light of their experience and knowledge. This book will be a one-stop-shop for the practising professionals, geotechnical researchers and academics looking for specific correlations for estimating certain geotechnical parameters. The empirical correlations in the forms of equations and charts and typical values are collated from extensive literature review, and from the authors' database.
Download or read book Canadian Geotechnical Journal written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 716 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis In Situ Shear Wave Measurements for Evaluating Dynamic Soil Properties at the Bannister Federal Complex, Kanasa City, Missouri by : José L. Llopis
Download or read book In Situ Shear Wave Measurements for Evaluating Dynamic Soil Properties at the Bannister Federal Complex, Kanasa City, Missouri written by José L. Llopis and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis In Situ Seismic Shear-Wave Velocity Measurements and Proposed Procedures by : B. Auld
Download or read book In Situ Seismic Shear-Wave Velocity Measurements and Proposed Procedures written by B. Auld and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Determination of dynamic shear modulus in situ has been an increasingly important source of data for ground response analysis for earthquake design studies. Historically, shear modulus is calculated from in situ measurement of seismic shear-wave velocity. A downhole impact energy source has been developed which maximizes the shear-wave energy produced and minimizes compressional-wave energy for purposes of crosshole in situ seismic shear-wave velocity measurements. The geometry of the energy source permits reversal of the polarity of shear-wave arrivals without changing the polarity of compressional-wave arrivals.
Book Synopsis Laboratory and Field Shear Wave Measurement at a Reclaimed Site in West Taiwan by : L-K Chien
Download or read book Laboratory and Field Shear Wave Measurement at a Reclaimed Site in West Taiwan written by L-K Chien and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Land reclamation using hydraulic sand fills is a method adopted widely in West Taiwan. In this paper, the influence of fines content, void ratio, and effective confining pressure on the measurement of shear wave velocity of reclaimed soil obtained from the reclaimed soil in the Yun-Lin area of West Taiwan is discussed. A "critical s-wave void ratio" (ef.c.) is defined. As shown in the results, for critical s-wave void ratio (ef.c.) with 10% of fines content, there exists a maximum shear wave velocity. As the fines content exceeds 10%, the shear wave velocity decreases. Based on the laboratory and in-situ test, a modification factor (M) is defined. From the results, the modifications factor (M) increases as the soil depth increases. The results presented can be a reference for soil property evaluation in land reclamation and coastal area.
Book Synopsis Evaluation of Shear Wave Velocity Based Soil Liquefaction Resistance Criteria by Centrifuge Tests by : Lei Fu
Download or read book Evaluation of Shear Wave Velocity Based Soil Liquefaction Resistance Criteria by Centrifuge Tests written by Lei Fu and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new technique has been developed for the evaluation of shear wave velocity based soil liquefaction resistance criteria by centrifuge tests. It involves the application of bender elements in centrifuge tests to measure shear wave velocity while investigating the liquefaction features of a saturated model. A total of six models were tested. Shear wave velocity and shear modulus profiles of the models were obtained. Currently used case history based soil liquefaction criteria were examined. The results show that there is an obvious difference in soil liquefaction resistance before and after the application of an earthquake. It is concluded that currently used case history based soil liquefaction resistance criteria developed from the mixed parameters measured before and after earthquakes need to be modified to take into account this difference.
Book Synopsis The Study of Shear and Longitudinal Velocity Measurements of Sands and Cohesive Soils by : Jana Marjanovic
Download or read book The Study of Shear and Longitudinal Velocity Measurements of Sands and Cohesive Soils written by Jana Marjanovic and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis evaluates some methods for the measurement of stiffness parameters of soils, with an emphasis on the use of bender element technology in obtaining the shear modulus. The experimental program consisted two primary stages. The beginning part of the experimentation was concerned with evaluating the behavior of bender elements, both free-standing and when applied to soil. For this case, experiments were performed on dry Ticino sand. It was concluded that the bender element tip geometry has a much greater impact than previously perceived, in particular with long, slender geometries sometimes creating directly-propagating compressional waves that interfere with the shear wave arrival detection. To reduce the uncertainty in signal interpretation, a specimen aspect ratio of 1 was adopted, with a minimum wavelength ratio of 2. The second part of the experimentation consisted of using bender elements on Boston Blue Clay, both intact samples as well as Resedimented Boston Blue Clay, created in the laboratory from processed powder. The results obtained from loading normally consolidated specimens were generally consistent and in good agreement with the literature. The unloading portion was observed to behaves differently as a function of maximum consolidation stress, with the shear modulus decreasing less during unloading as higher stress ranges are reached. In addition to the testing performed on soils, a parametric study was conducted on common materials including steel, aluminum, acrylic, and rubber in order to evaluate the results for stiffness parameters measured using extensometers, accelerometers, and ultrasonic P-wave transducers. With the conclusion of these experiments, the accelerometers were shown to have highly variable results, especially for shear wave velocity, while the other methods yielded relatively consistent, reliable results as compared to published values. Finally, a new design for a triaxial setup that enables integrated measurements of compressional and shear velocities in soil over a wide stress range is presented as groundwork for the characterization of the complete stiffness matrix of BBC.
Book Synopsis Examination of Existing Shear Wave Velocity and Shear Modulus Correlations in Soils by : David W. Sykora
Download or read book Examination of Existing Shear Wave Velocity and Shear Modulus Correlations in Soils written by David W. Sykora and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dynamic soil stiffness, as indicated by either shear modulus or shear wave velocity, is a prerequisite parameter for dynamic analysis of earthen structures, foundations for superstructures, and free-field seismic response. It is, however, an expensive parameter to determine in situ and in the laboratory. Numerous researchers and practitioners have examined the viability of correlations between dynamic soil stiffness and basic, more common engineering parameters. These correlations appear to have evolved because of the expense of active measurement to augment (or in some cases, replace) designated testing. Later studies seem to capitalize on a rapidly expanding data base of measured values that was nonexistent even a decade ago. This study presents, discusses, and compares a majority of correlations involving shear modulus and shear wave velocity to date in the United States and Japan. The objective is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the nature of the correlations so that the reader may appreciate their evolution and use the technology appropriately in everyday practice. Keywords: Crosshole seismic data; Seismic data bases. (EDC).
