Shared Contributions Shared Benefits

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Sharing Clinical Trial Data

Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309316324
Total Pages : 236 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (93 download)

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Book Synopsis Sharing Clinical Trial Data by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Sharing Clinical Trial Data written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-04-20 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Data sharing can accelerate new discoveries by avoiding duplicative trials, stimulating new ideas for research, and enabling the maximal scientific knowledge and benefits to be gained from the efforts of clinical trial participants and investigators. At the same time, sharing clinical trial data presents risks, burdens, and challenges. These include the need to protect the privacy and honor the consent of clinical trial participants; safeguard the legitimate economic interests of sponsors; and guard against invalid secondary analyses, which could undermine trust in clinical trials or otherwise harm public health. Sharing Clinical Trial Data presents activities and strategies for the responsible sharing of clinical trial data. With the goal of increasing scientific knowledge to lead to better therapies for patients, this book identifies guiding principles and makes recommendations to maximize the benefits and minimize risks. This report offers guidance on the types of clinical trial data available at different points in the process, the points in the process at which each type of data should be shared, methods for sharing data, what groups should have access to data, and future knowledge and infrastructure needs. Responsible sharing of clinical trial data will allow other investigators to replicate published findings and carry out additional analyses, strengthen the evidence base for regulatory and clinical decisions, and increase the scientific knowledge gained from investments by the funders of clinical trials. The recommendations of Sharing Clinical Trial Data will be useful both now and well into the future as improved sharing of data leads to a stronger evidence base for treatment. This book will be of interest to stakeholders across the spectrum of research-from funders, to researchers, to journals, to physicians, and ultimately, to patients.

Fair and Equitable Benefit-sharing in International Law

Author : Elisa Morgera
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0192606735
Total Pages : 305 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (926 download)

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Book Synopsis Fair and Equitable Benefit-sharing in International Law by : Elisa Morgera

Download or read book Fair and Equitable Benefit-sharing in International Law written by Elisa Morgera and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2024-05-09 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fair and equitable benefit-sharing is a diffuse legal phenomenon in international law. The continued proliferation of benefit-sharing clauses can be explained by their appeal as an optimistic frame in addressing sustainability and equity concerns related to bio-based innovation, the use of natural resources, environmental protection, and knowledge creation. In principle, fair and equitable benefit-sharing serves to recognize, encourage, and incentivise sustainable human relationships with the environment by focusing on equity issues arising from the most intractable challenges of our time, such as loss of biodiversity, climate change, poverty, and global epidemics. Empirical evidence, however, indicates that, in practice, benefit-sharing rarely achieves its fairness and equity objectives, and ends up entrenching or worsening inequitable relationships with little to no benefit for the environment. Instead of focusing on fair and equitable benefit-sharing in sub-specialist areas of international law in isolation, Elisa Morgera assesses the phenomenon from a general international law perspective and through comparison-across international environmental law, international human rights law, international health law, and the law of the sea. Strengthened by insights from local-level case studies in different regions and sectors, this book looks toward overcoming the limitations inherent in individual international regimes and addressing the shortcomings in benefit-sharing implementation. Morgera's topical and comprehensive analysis reveals opportunities to advance fairness and equity in benefit-sharing through a mutually supportive interpretation of international biodiversity law and international human rights law, as well as opportunities to contribute to future research in areas such as international health law, international law on outer space, and international economic law. This is an open access title. It is made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 International licence. It is available to read and download as a PDF version on the Oxford Academic platform.

Benefit Sharing

Author : Doris Schroeder
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400762054
Total Pages : 250 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Benefit Sharing by : Doris Schroeder

Download or read book Benefit Sharing written by Doris Schroeder and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-05-31 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biomedical research is increasingly carried out in low- and middle-income countries. International consensus has largely been achieved around the importance of valid consent and protecting research participants from harm. But what are the responsibilities of researchers and funders to share the benefits of their research with research participants and their communities? After setting out the legal, ethical and conceptual frameworks for benefit sharing, this collection analyses seven historical cases to identify the ethical and policy challenges that arise in relation to benefit sharing. A series of recommendations address possible ways forward to achieve justice for research participants in low- and middle-income countries.

Fair and Equitable Benefit-Sharing in Agriculture (Open Access)

Author : Elsa Tsioumani
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 0429582285
Total Pages : 321 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (295 download)

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Book Synopsis Fair and Equitable Benefit-Sharing in Agriculture (Open Access) by : Elsa Tsioumani

Download or read book Fair and Equitable Benefit-Sharing in Agriculture (Open Access) written by Elsa Tsioumani and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-07-16 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the emergence and development of the legal concept of fair and equitable benefit-sharing, and its application in agriculture. Developed in the 1990s, the concept of fair and equitable benefit-sharing has been deployed in an ever-wider variety of international instruments, including those on biodiversity, climate change and human rights. A lack of clarity persists, however, on what fair and equitable benefit-sharing requires and entails, and whether its implementation supports or eventually undermines equity and justice. This book examines these questions in the area of land, food and agriculture, addressing for the first time several instances of the agricultural production chain, including research and development, land governance and land use and access to markets. It identifies challenges regarding implementation of the concept as enshrined in environmental treaties and soft-law instruments, with a focus on the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, the Voluntary Guidelines on Tenure and the UN Declaration on the Rights of Peasants. It investigates its role, enabling conditions and limitations, in a contradictory policy context involving environmental, food security and human rights objectives but also a growing web of multilateral and bilateral trade and investment agreements. Linking international law research with a socio-legal analysis, the book addresses four grassroots examples, which offer ideas for institutional and legal innovation from the local to the global level. This interdisciplinary title will be of great interest to students and scholars of international environmental law, agriculture, land law, development studies and global governance, as well as policymakers and practitioners working in these fields. “The Open Access version of this book, available at https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429198304, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license."

An Explanatory Guide to the Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit-sharing

Author : Thomas Greiber
Publisher : IUCN
ISBN 13 : 2831715296
Total Pages : 395 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (317 download)

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Book Synopsis An Explanatory Guide to the Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit-sharing by : Thomas Greiber

Download or read book An Explanatory Guide to the Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit-sharing written by Thomas Greiber and published by IUCN. This book was released on 2012 with total page 395 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Shared Capitalism at Work

Author : Douglas L. Kruse
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 0226056961
Total Pages : 433 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (26 download)

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Book Synopsis Shared Capitalism at Work by : Douglas L. Kruse

Download or read book Shared Capitalism at Work written by Douglas L. Kruse and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2010-06-15 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The historical relationship between capital and labor has evolved in the past few decades. One particularly noteworthy development is the rise of shared capitalism, a system in which workers have become partial owners of their firms and thus, in effect, both employees and stockholders. Profit sharing arrangements and gain-sharing bonuses, which tie compensation directly to a firm’s performance, also reflect this new attitude toward labor. Shared Capitalism at Work analyzes the effects of this trend on workers and firms. The contributors focus on four main areas: the fraction of firms that participate in shared capitalism programs in the United States and abroad, the factors that enable these firms to overcome classic free rider and risk problems, the effect of shared capitalism on firm performance, and the impact of shared capitalism on worker well-being. This volume provides essential studies for understanding the increasingly important role of shared capitalism in the modern workplace.

The 2010 Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit-sharing in Perspective

Author : Elisa Morgera
Publisher : Martinus Nijhoff Publishers
ISBN 13 : 9004217207
Total Pages : 583 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (42 download)

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Book Synopsis The 2010 Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit-sharing in Perspective by : Elisa Morgera

Download or read book The 2010 Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit-sharing in Perspective written by Elisa Morgera and published by Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. This book was released on 2012-11-21 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 2010 Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit-sharing in Perspective analyses the implications of this innovative environmental treaty for different areas of international law, and its implementation challenges in various regions and from the perspectives of various stakeholders.

ABS Elements: Elements to facilitate domestic implementation of access and benefit-sharing for different subsectors of genetic resources for food and agriculture with explanatory notes

Download ABS Elements: Elements to facilitate domestic implementation of access and benefit-sharing for different subsectors of genetic resources for food and agriculture with explanatory notes PDF Online Free

Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
ISBN 13 : 9251315604
Total Pages : 88 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (513 download)

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Book Synopsis ABS Elements: Elements to facilitate domestic implementation of access and benefit-sharing for different subsectors of genetic resources for food and agriculture with explanatory notes by : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

Download or read book ABS Elements: Elements to facilitate domestic implementation of access and benefit-sharing for different subsectors of genetic resources for food and agriculture with explanatory notes written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2019-07-03 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization to the Convention on Biological Diversity has been hailed as a giant step towards the implementation of the third objective of the Convention: the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising out of the utilization of genetic resources, including by appropriate access to them. Implementing this third objective is intended to contribute to the conservation of biological diversity and the sustainable use of its components, the other two objectives of the Convention. The Protocol confronts policy-makers and administrators responsible for its implementation at the national level with a number of challenges. One of these challenges is the Protocol’s obligation to consider, in the development and implementation of access and benefit-sharing measures, the importance of genetic resources for food and agriculture and their special role for food security. The Elements to Facilitate Domestic Implementation of Access and Benefit-Sharing for Different Subsectors of Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture aim to assist governments considering developing, adapting or implementing access and benefit-sharing measures, to take into account the importance of genetic resources for food and agriculture (GRFA), their special role for food security and the distinctive features of their different subsectors, while complying, as applicable, with international instruments.This publication contains the original ABS Elements as well as the explanatory notes describing, within the context of the ABS Elements, the distinctive features and specific practices of the different subsectors of GRFA. The explanatory notes were welcomed by the Commission and the FAO Conference in 2019.

Biodiversity, Access and Benefit-Sharing

Author : Daniel F. Robinson
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134689527
Total Pages : 229 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (346 download)

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Book Synopsis Biodiversity, Access and Benefit-Sharing by : Daniel F. Robinson

Download or read book Biodiversity, Access and Benefit-Sharing written by Daniel F. Robinson and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-11-13 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Nagoya Protocol to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) is rapidly receiving signatures and ratifications. Many countries are preparing to implement the protocol through national research permit systems and/or biodiversity laws. Yet there is still considerable confusion about how to implement the Protocol, regarding access and benefit-sharing (ABS) procedures, and minimal experience in many countries. This book seeks to remedy this gap in understanding by analysing a number of ABS case studies in light of the Nagoya Protocol. The case studies are wide-ranging, with examples of plants for medicinal, cosmetic, biotech and food products from or for development in Australia, North Africa, Madagascar, Switzerland, Thailand, USA and Oceania. These will encourage countries to develop national systems which maximise their benefits (both monetary and non-monetary) towards conservation and support for local communities that hold traditional knowledge. In addition, the author analyses new expectations raised by the Nagoya Protocol, such as the encouragement of the development of community protocols by indigenous and local communities. As a result, stakeholders and policy-makers will be able to learn the steps involved in establishing ABS agreements, issues that arise between stakeholders, and the types of benefits that might be realistic.

OECD Multi-level Governance Studies Enabling Inter-Municipal Shared Service Provision in Lithuania Proposed Legal and Institutional Framework and Piloting Approach in Tauragė+ Functional Zone

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Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
ISBN 13 : 926435896X
Total Pages : 129 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (643 download)

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Book Synopsis OECD Multi-level Governance Studies Enabling Inter-Municipal Shared Service Provision in Lithuania Proposed Legal and Institutional Framework and Piloting Approach in Tauragė+ Functional Zone by : OECD

Download or read book OECD Multi-level Governance Studies Enabling Inter-Municipal Shared Service Provision in Lithuania Proposed Legal and Institutional Framework and Piloting Approach in Tauragė+ Functional Zone written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2024-09-19 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lithuania is experiencing rapid demographic change, with the population ageing and significantly shrinking in recent decades. This trend has put pressure on the provision of public services, especially at the municipal level, and is expected to continue in the coming years. Ongoing efforts are made by Lithuania to improve the delivery of municipal services with the aim to mitigate territorial disparities and foster social inclusion. In this perspective, shared public service provision is viewed as a way to enhance the accessibility, affordability and quality of essential public services. This report provides recommendations and an action plan to address challenges inherent to the legal, fiscal and institutional frameworks for shared municipal service provision in Lithuania, while taking stock of these different challenges. The report also provides two roadmaps for piloting primary healthcare and long-term care services in Tauragė+ functional zone (Jurbarkas, Pagėgiai, Šilalė, Tauragė municipalities) through shared municipal service provision. The report draws lessons from peer country experiences, and in particular Finland, where inter-municipal cooperation has been used successfully for decades.

Access to Plant Genetic Resources and the Equitable Sharing of Benefits

Author : International Plant Genetic Resources Institute
Publisher : Bioversity International
ISBN 13 : 9290432853
Total Pages : 90 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis Access to Plant Genetic Resources and the Equitable Sharing of Benefits by : International Plant Genetic Resources Institute

Download or read book Access to Plant Genetic Resources and the Equitable Sharing of Benefits written by International Plant Genetic Resources Institute and published by Bioversity International. This book was released on 1996 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 6th session of the FAO Commission on Plant Genetic Resources requested that IPGRI study the feasibility of possible systems for the exchange of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture (PGRFA)1 and the equitable sharing of benefits. The following report is the result of that study. It seeks to provide the Commission with a set of options and their implications and thus to inform international negotiationsconncerning the revision of the International Undertaking on Plant Genetic Tesources. As part of the study process a wide series of consultations was held with major stakeholder groups. A fundamental justification for conserving and characterizing PGRFA is their potential for use in the development of improved crop varieties. These improved varieties are necessary to meet the food needs of a growing population and the demands of changing agro-ecological and social conditions.

Federal Register

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 2258 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (121 download)

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Book Synopsis Federal Register by :

Download or read book Federal Register written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 2258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Managing Employee Benefits

Author : Iris Goldfein
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 8 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (3 download)

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Book Synopsis Managing Employee Benefits by : Iris Goldfein

Download or read book Managing Employee Benefits written by Iris Goldfein and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Bulletin Index-digest System

Author : United States. Internal Revenue Service
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 576 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (3 download)

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Book Synopsis Bulletin Index-digest System by : United States. Internal Revenue Service

Download or read book Bulletin Index-digest System written by United States. Internal Revenue Service and published by . This book was released on 1953 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Bulletin Index-digest System

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 576 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Bulletin Index-digest System by :

Download or read book Bulletin Index-digest System written by and published by . This book was released on with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

World Economic Outlook, April 2007

Author : International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 158906626X
Total Pages : 323 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis World Economic Outlook, April 2007 by : International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.

Download or read book World Economic Outlook, April 2007 written by International Monetary Fund. Research Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2006-09-19 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The IMF’s World Economic Outlook is packed with country specific facts, figures, and worldwide projections that present the outlook for growth, inflation, trade, and other economic developments in a clear, practical format. Leading international economists pull together the latest data on key topics, producing informed projections and policy analyses that show where the global economy is headed in the years to come. Business executives, policymakers, bankers, investors, marketing strategists, and economists worldwide refer to the WEO with confidence because it delivers a balanced view of the current economic situation, built upon the respected and extensive macroeconomic expertise and statistical resources of the IMF. The WEO is the product of a unique international exercise in information gathering and analysis performed by over 1,000 economists on the IMF staff. An annual subscription to the World Economic Outlook, published at least twice a year in English, French, Spanish, and Arabic, offers a comprehensive assessment of the international economic situation as well as prospects for the future. With its analyses backed by the expertise and unparalleled resources of the IMF, the World Economic Outlook is the authoritative reference in its field. Today, when even small economic fluctuations can trigger major financial swings, the WEO supplies a solid source of actionable information and data.

New Paths and Policies towards Conflict Prevention

Author : Courtney J. Fung
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000378632
Total Pages : 110 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (3 download)

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Book Synopsis New Paths and Policies towards Conflict Prevention by : Courtney J. Fung

Download or read book New Paths and Policies towards Conflict Prevention written by Courtney J. Fung and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-03-14 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the discourse on conflict prevention and peacebuilding by bringing together researchers from China and Switzerland over a series policy dialogues. The Charter of the United Nations, adopted in the immediate aftermath of World War II, is clear about the fundamental necessity for the international community to act in partnership to prevent violent conflict. Given recent shifts in global power dynamics, there is an apparent need for international policy issues to be addressed in ways that are inclusive of a wider variety of perspectives and approaches. Chinese policy actors are increasingly interested in fostering their own discourse on issues of prevention and peacebuilding, rooted in Chinese experience, and engaging with peers from other contexts. The chapters in this volume explore the rationale for conflict prevention and review prevailing academic and practitioner discourses on fundamental questions such as the rationales for why conflicts should be prevented and whether ‘mainstream approaches’ are still relevant. This book will be of interest to students of peacebuilding, conflict resolution, Chinese politics, and International Relations. The Open Access version of this book, available at https://www.routledge.com/New-Paths-and-Policies-towards-Conflict-Prevention-Chinese-and/Fung-Gehrmann-Madenyika-Tower/p/book/9780367683368, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.