Sex, Age & Menopause:a baby boomer's manifesto

Download Sex, Age & Menopause:a baby boomer's manifesto PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Sex, Age & Menopause
ISBN 13 : 0620382279
Total Pages : 88 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (23 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Sex, Age & Menopause:a baby boomer's manifesto by :

Download or read book Sex, Age & Menopause:a baby boomer's manifesto written by and published by Sex, Age & Menopause. This book was released on with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Sex for Life

Download Sex for Life PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : NYU Press
ISBN 13 : 0814723829
Total Pages : 375 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (147 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Sex for Life by : Laura Carpenter

Download or read book Sex for Life written by Laura Carpenter and published by NYU Press. This book was released on 2012-02-01 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sexual beliefs, behaviors and identities are interwoven throughout our lives, from childhood to old age. An edited collection of original empirical contributions united through its use of a distinctive, cutting-edge theoretical framework, Sex for Life critically examines sexuality across the entire lifespan. Rooted in diverse disciplines and employing a wide range of research methods, the chapters explore the sexual and social transitions that typically map to broad life stages, as well as key age-graded physiological transitions, such as puberty and menopause, while drawing on the latest developments in gender, sexuality, and life course studies. Sex for Life explores a wide variety of topics, including puberty, sexual initiation, coming out, sexual assault, marriage/life partnering, disability onset, immigration, divorce, menopause, and widowhood, always attending to the social locations – including gender, race, ethnicity, and social class – that shape, and are shaped by, sexuality. The empirical work collected in Sex for Life ultimately speaks to important public policy issues, such as sex education, aging societies, and the increasing politicization of scientific research. Accessibly written, the contributions capture the interplay between individual lives and the ever-changing social-historical context, facilitating new insight not only into people’s sexual lives, but also into ways of studying them, ultimately providing a fresh, new perspective on sexuality.

Human Aspects of IT for the Aged Population. Technology Design and Acceptance

Download Human Aspects of IT for the Aged Population. Technology Design and Acceptance PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030781089
Total Pages : 473 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (37 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Human Aspects of IT for the Aged Population. Technology Design and Acceptance by : Qin Gao

Download or read book Human Aspects of IT for the Aged Population. Technology Design and Acceptance written by Qin Gao and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-07-03 with total page 473 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This two-volume set constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Human Aspects of IT for the Aged Population, ITAP 2021, held as part of the 23rd International Conference, HCI International 2021, held as a virtual event, in July 2021. The total of 1276 papers and 241 posters included in the 39 HCII 2021 proceedings volumes was carefully reviewed and selected from 5222 submissions. ITAP 2021 includes a total of 67 papers; they focus on topics related to designing for and with older users, technology acceptance and user experience of older users, use of social media and games by the aging population, as well as applications supporting health, wellbeing, communication, social participation and everyday activities.

Aged by Culture

Download Aged by Culture PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 0226310620
Total Pages : 278 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (263 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Aged by Culture by : Margaret Morganroth Gullette

Download or read book Aged by Culture written by Margaret Morganroth Gullette and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2004-01-15 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Americans enjoy longer lives and better health, yet we are becoming increasingly obsessed with trying to stay young. What drives the fear of turning 30, the boom in anti-aging products, the wars between generations? What men and women of all ages have in common is that we are being insidiously aged by the culture in which we live. In this illuminating book, Margaret Morganroth Gullette reveals that aging doesn't start in our chromosomes, but in midlife downsizing, the erosion of workplace seniority, threats to Social Security, or media portrayals of "aging Xers" and "greedy" Baby Boomers. To combat the forces aging us prematurely, Gullette invites us to change our attitudes, our life storytelling, and our society. Part intimate autobiography, part startling cultural expose, this book does for age what gender and race studies have done for their categories. Aged by Culture is an impassioned manifesto against the pernicious ideologies that steal hope from every stage of our lives.

Estrogen Matters

Download Estrogen Matters PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Hachette UK
ISBN 13 : 0316481181
Total Pages : 187 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (164 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Estrogen Matters by : Carol Tavris

Download or read book Estrogen Matters written by Carol Tavris and published by Hachette UK. This book was released on 2018-09-04 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A compelling, “fascinating” (Robert Cialdini) defense of hormone replacement therapy, exposing the faulty science behind its fall from prominence and giving women the evidence they need to make informed decisions about their health. Now fully revised and updated. "Estrogen Matters was my antidote to the misinformation surrounding menopause. This book should be the bible for every single person going through menopause.”―Naomi Watts For years, hormone replacement therapy (HRT) was the medically approved way to alleviate menopausal symptoms (ranging from hot flushes to brain fog) and reduce the risk of heart disease, Alzheimer's, and osteoporosis. But when a large study by the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) announced, with national fanfare, that women taking HRT had an increased risk of breast cancer, women were scared off, and the treatment was abandoned. Now, Dr. Bluming, a medical oncologist, and Dr. Tavris, a social psychologist, reveal the true story of the WHI’s efforts to distort their data to exaggerate unsupported claims of estrogen’s harms. Important updates in this edition include: Evidence that demolishes the WHI’s claim that HRT causes breast cancer. A list of the WHI’s retractions of their original scare stories. Updated findings on estrogen’s benefits on heart, brain, bones, and longevity. A critical review of the alternative products and medications being marketed to treat symptoms of menopause. A sobering and revelatory read, Estrogen Matters sets the record straight on estrogen’s benefits, providing a light to guide women through this inevitable phase of life.

Encyclopedia of Aging and Public Health

Download Encyclopedia of Aging and Public Health PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387337539
Total Pages : 852 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (873 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Aging and Public Health by : Sana Loue

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Aging and Public Health written by Sana Loue and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-01-16 with total page 852 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Americans are living longer, and the elder population is growing larger. To meet the ongoing need for quality information on elder health, the Encyclopedia of Aging and Public Health combines multiple perspectives to offer readers a more accurate and complete picture of the aging process. The book takes a biopsychosocial approach to the complexities of its subject. In-depth introductory chapters include coverage on a historical and demographic overview of aging in America, a guide to biological changes accompanying aging, an analysis of the diversity of the U.S. elder population, legal issues commonly affecting older adults, and the ethics of using cognitively impaired elders in research. From there, over 425 entries cover the gamut of topics, trends, diseases, and phenomena: -Specific populations, including ethnic minorities, custodial grandparents, and centenarians -Core medical conditions associated with aging, from cardiac and pulmonary diseases to Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s -Mental and emotional disorders -Drugs/vitamins/alternative medicine -Disorders of the eyes, feet, and skin -Insomnia and sleep disorders; malnutrition and eating disorders -Sexual and gender-related concerns -And a broad array of social and political issues, including access to care, abuse/neglect, veterans’ affairs, and assisted suicide Entries on not-quite-elders’ concerns (e.g., midlife crisis, menopause) are featured as well. And all chapters and entries include references and resource lists. The Encyclopedia has been developed for maximum utility to clinicians, social workers, researchers, and public health professionals working with older adults. Its multidisciplinary coverage and scope of topics make this volume an invaluable reference for academic and public libraries.

The Wisdom of Menopause

Download The Wisdom of Menopause PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Hay House, Inc
ISBN 13 : 140193997X
Total Pages : 769 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (19 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Wisdom of Menopause by : Christiane Northrup, M.D.

Download or read book The Wisdom of Menopause written by Christiane Northrup, M.D. and published by Hay House, Inc. This book was released on 2012-01-03 with total page 769 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dr. Christiane Northrup’s #1 New York Times bestseller The Wisdom of Menopause has inspired more than a million women with a dramatically new vision of midlife—and will continue to do so for generations to come. As Dr. Northrup has championed, the "change" is not simply a collection of physical symptoms to be "fixed," but a mind-body revolution that brings the greatest opportunity for growth since adolescence. The choices a woman makes now—from the quality of her relationships to the quality of her diet—have the power to secure vibrant health and well-being for the rest of her life. Now completely revised, this groundbreaking classic draws on the current research and medical advances in women’s health, and includes: • a new section on sex after 50—and how, if need be, you can rejuvenate your sex life; • updated mammogram guidelines—and how thermography improves breast health; • the latest on the glycemic index, optimal blood sugar levels, and ways to prevent diabetes; • dietary guidelines revealing that hidden sugar—not dietary fat—is the main culprit in heart disease, cancer, and obesity; • all you need to know about perimenopause and why it’s critical to your well-being; • a vital program for ensuring pelvic health during and after menopause; • strategies to combat osteoporosis and strengthen bones for life. With this trusted resource, Dr. Christiane Northrup shows that women can make menopause a time of personal empowerment—emerging wiser, healthier, and stronger in both mind and body than ever before.

Clinical Gynecology

Download Clinical Gynecology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107040396
Total Pages : 1127 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (7 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Clinical Gynecology by : Eric J. Bieber

Download or read book Clinical Gynecology written by Eric J. Bieber and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-04-23 with total page 1127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written with the busy practice in mind, this book delivers clinically focused, evidence-based gynecology guidance in a quick-reference format. It explores etiology, screening, tests, diagnosis, and treatment for a full range of gynecologic health issues. The coverage includes the full range of gynecologic malignancies, reproductive endocrinology and infertility, infectious diseases, urogynecologic problems, gynecologic concerns in children and adolescents, and surgical interventions including minimally invasive surgical procedures. Information is easy to find and absorb owing to the extensive use of full-color diagrams, algorithms, and illustrations. The new edition has been expanded to include aspects of gynecology important in international and resource-poor settings.

The Yoni

Download The Yoni PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Inner Traditions
ISBN 13 : 9780892815623
Total Pages : 144 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (156 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Yoni by : Rufus C. Camphausen

Download or read book The Yoni written by Rufus C. Camphausen and published by Inner Traditions. This book was released on 1996-04-01 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From earliest times, humanity has found visual expression for the cosmic forces of creation, birth, and passion in artistic representations of human genitalia. Fertility cults centered on phallic worship are well documented, but older and even more pervasive are Goddess images of the vulva-known in the East since ancient times as the yoni. Yoni symbolism is a part of spiritual traditions in every part of the globe-from naturally occuring rock formations revered by North American Native peoples to the shakta-pithas of Hindu temples, and from early Celtic sheela-na-gig carvings to the Japanese kagura ritual. The Yoni traces this primal motif in Australian Aboriginal folk tales, in alchemy, in Tantric practices, and in contemporary art by painters such as Georgia O'Keefe and Judy Chicago. Dozens of illustrations, many in color, reproduce the variety of carvings, drawings, and other portrayals of this universal symbol of feminine creativity.

The Menopause Manifesto

Download The Menopause Manifesto PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Hachette UK
ISBN 13 : 0349427593
Total Pages : 384 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (494 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Menopause Manifesto by : Dr. Jennifer Gunter

Download or read book The Menopause Manifesto written by Dr. Jennifer Gunter and published by Hachette UK. This book was released on 2021-05-25 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'A guide to counteract medical misogyny' New Scientist 'The world's most famous - and outspoken - gynaecologist' Guardian In The Menopause Manifesto internationally renowned, New York Times bestselling author Dr Jen Gunter brings you empowerment through knowledge by countering stubborn myths and misunderstandings about menopause with hard facts, real science, fascinating historical perspective and expert advice. The only thing predictable about menopause is its unpredictability. Factor in widespread misinformation, a lack of research, and the culture of shame around women's bodies, and it's no wonder women are unsure what to expect during the menopause transition and beyond. Menopause is not a disease - it's a planned change, like puberty. And just like puberty, we should be educated on what's to come years in advance, rather than the current practice of leaving people on their own with bothersome symptoms and too much conflicting information. Knowing what is happening, why and what to do about it is both empowering and reassuring. Frank and funny, Dr Jen debunks misogynistic attitudes and challenges the over-mystification of menopause to reveal everything you really need to know about: * Perimenopause * Hot flashes * Sleep disruption * Sex and libido * Depression and mood changes * Skin and hair issues * Outdated therapies * Breast health * Weight and muscle mass * Health maintenance screening * And much more Filled with practical, reassuring information, this essential guide will revolutionise how women experience menopause - including how their lives can be even better for it!

Do Or Die

Download Do Or Die PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : iUniverse
ISBN 13 : 0595354963
Total Pages : 292 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (953 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Do Or Die by : Jim McFarland

Download or read book Do Or Die written by Jim McFarland and published by iUniverse. This book was released on 2005-08 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Do or Die is designed exclusively to help baby-boomer men restore health, vitality, happiness, and longevity through fitness, faith, and food. Do or Die explains how to get out of denial and discover the inspiration and willpower to create life-changing renewal and a healthy lifestyle. Do or Die reviews seven midlife chronic conditions that reduce life expectancy and life quality. Author Jim McFarland calls these "pathways to middle-aged male destruction." Based on his personal experiences and years of extensive research, Do or Die offers numerous strategies and ideas for exercise, weight management, nutrition, and life balance. McFarland's advice will help you: Start defeating the vicious grip of denial Recognize how to rebuild your self-esteem Understand how to lose weight Learn how good nutrition and exercise will help lower your cholesterol and your risk of type two diabetes and heart disease Understand how to take responsibility for your health Learn how to avoid injuries when exercising Discover the importance of using a heart rate monitor for all fitness training Do or Die will guide you in writing a personal renewal plan, and it will also help you learn how to create and enjoy balance in your life. Take the first step towards better health today! With his health declining, McFarland took control and turned his life around. At 52, the author was what has become your Standard American Male-obese, sedentary, hypertensive and in deep denial-when his doctor reported that he was a prime candidate for type-two diabetes. The good news is that he decided to do something about it. In frank language, he discusses his renewal strategy and the routines and behaviors for rebuilding his physical and mental health, finding balance and peace in the process. First he had to own up to his rotten condition, his blubber and sloth, and become conversant with his body's cardiovascular needs, his metabolism, what comprises a healthy diet and his need for physical activity. Thus began his education in cholesterol, stress, midlife depression, the body mass index, blood analysis, high blood sugar and a host of other subjects-all of which he manages to convey in clarity and modest depth, despite his lack of professional training. He endeavored to use common sense in his eating and exercise, gradually creating a life script comprised of the seven Fs: Fitness (he provides a detailed, gradual program), Finding what is important in your life, having Faith in what you believe (discovering some spiritual support), eating the right Foods, time with Family, Friendships and having Fun. He consistently stresses the elemental need for self-respect; without it, he says, you won't have the will to embark on what amounts to a complete lifestyle change. A helpful if arduous map for living a better life that certainly beats the alternative: giving up and dying. -Kirkus Discoveries

Agewise

Download Agewise PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 022610186X
Total Pages : 303 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (261 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Agewise by : Margaret Morganroth Gullette

Download or read book Agewise written by Margaret Morganroth Gullette and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2013-10-21 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Let’s face it: almost everyone fears growing older. We worry about losing our looks, our health, our jobs, our self-esteem—and being supplanted in work and love by younger people. It feels like the natural, inevitable consequence of the passing years, But what if it’s not? What if nearly everything that we think of as the “natural” process of aging is anything but? In Agewise, renowned cultural critic Margaret Morganroth Gullette reveals that much of what we dread about aging is actually the result of ageism—which we can, and should, battle as strongly as we do racism, sexism, and other forms of bigotry. Drawing on provocative and under-reported evidence from biomedicine, literature, economics, and personal stories, Gullette probes the ageism thatdrives discontent with our bodies, our selves, and our accomplishments—and makes us easy prey for marketers who want to sell us an illusory vision of youthful perfection. Even worse, rampant ageism causes society to discount, and at times completely discard, the wisdom and experience acquired by people over the course of adulthood. The costs—both collective and personal—of this culture of decline are almost incalculable, diminishing our workforce, robbing younger people of hope for a decent later life, and eroding the satisfactions and sense of productivity that should animate our later years. Once we open our eyes to the pervasiveness of ageism, however, we can begin to fight it—and Gullette lays out ambitious plans for the whole life course, from teaching children anti-ageism to fortifying the social safety nets, and thus finally making possible the real pleasures and opportunities promised by the new longevity. A bracing, controversial call to arms, Agewise will surprise, enlighten, and, perhaps most important, bring hope to readers of all ages.

The Social Context of Ageing

Download The Social Context of Ageing PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134598181
Total Pages : 415 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (345 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Social Context of Ageing by : Christina Victor

Download or read book The Social Context of Ageing written by Christina Victor and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2004-12-20 with total page 415 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive text focuses on the social contexts of ageing, looking at the diversity of ageing and older people, and at different factors that are important to experiences of old age and ageing. It includes key chapters on: theoretical and methodological bases for the study of ageing demographic context of the 'ageing' population health and illness family and social networks formal and informal care and other services for older people. Providing an invaluable introduction to the major issues involved in the study of ageing, this book is essential reading for students of sociology, gerontology, social policy, health and social care, and professionals working with older people.

Testosterone Dreams

Download Testosterone Dreams PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Univ of California Press
ISBN 13 : 0520939786
Total Pages : 390 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (29 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Testosterone Dreams by : John Hoberman

Download or read book Testosterone Dreams written by John Hoberman and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2005-02-21 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Testosterone has inspired dreams—of restored youth, recharged sexual appetites, faster running, quicker thinking, bigger muscles—since it was first synthesized in 1935. This provocative book investigates the complex, bizarre, and sometimes outrageous history of synthetic testosterone and other male hormone therapies. Exploring many little-known social arenas—both inside and outside the medical world—in which these substances are becoming increasingly available and accepted, Testosterone Dreams examines the implications and dangers of their use in professional sports, in the workplace, in our sex lives, and beyond. Testosterone Dreams tells the story of testosterone's growing and sometimes concealed influence in our culture over the past 70 years. It explores such controversial topics as the invention and marketing of the male menopause, the disturbing history of hormonal and other medical treatments aimed at boosting or suppressing women's sexuality, and hormone doping in sporting events such as the Tour de France and the Olympics, and in Major League Baseball. It brings to light the hidden use of hormone doping by policemen, soldiers, and other workers in a variety of jobs. It also discusses the burgeoning steroid use in the gay community and its relation to AIDS, and takes a hard look at the pharmaceutical industry's promotional campaigns to create new markets for testosterone products. Testosterone Dreams is the first book to bring together the whole story of testosterone and to consider its social and ethical implications: Where does therapy end and performance enhancement begin? How are changing medical technologies affecting how we think about our identities as men and women and the elusive goal of "well-being"? This book will be essential reading as we move inexorably toward the wide-open, libertarian pharmacology that is now making these drug regimes available to a wider and wider clientele.

How Hard Can It Be?

Download How Hard Can It Be? PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Macmillan + ORM
ISBN 13 : 1250086108
Total Pages : 399 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (5 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis How Hard Can It Be? by : Allison Pearson

Download or read book How Hard Can It Be? written by Allison Pearson and published by Macmillan + ORM. This book was released on 2018-06-05 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Look, I was doing OK. I got through the oil spill on the road that is turning forty. Lost a little control, but I drove into the skid just like the driving instructors tell you to and afterwards things were fine again, no, really, they were better than fine. Kate Reddy had it all: a nice home, two adorable kids, a good husband. Then her kids became teenagers (read: monsters). Richard, her husband, quit his job, taking up bicycling and therapeutic counseling: drinking green potions, dressing head to toe in Lycra, and spending his time—and their money—on his own therapy. Since Richard no longer sees a regular income as part of the path to enlightenment, it’s left to Kate to go back to work. Companies aren’t necessarily keen on hiring 49-year-old mothers, so Kate does what she must: knocks a few years off her age, hires a trainer, joins a Women Returners group, and prepares a new resume that has a shot at a literary prize for experimental fiction. When Kate manages to secure a job at the very hedge fund she founded, she finds herself in an impossible juggling act: proving herself (again) at work, dealing with teen drama, and trying to look after increasingly frail parents as the clock keeps ticking toward her 50th birthday. Then, of course, an old flame shows up out of the blue, and Kate finds herself facing off with everyone from Russian mobsters to a literal stallion. Surely it will all work out in the end. After all, how hard can it be? Hilarious and poignant, How Hard Can It Be? brings us the new adventures of Kate Reddy, the beleaguered heroine of Allison Pearson's groundbreaking New York Times bestseller I Don't Know How She Does It.

Le Deuxième Sexe

Download Le Deuxième Sexe PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Vintage
ISBN 13 : 0679724516
Total Pages : 791 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (797 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Le Deuxième Sexe by : Simone de Beauvoir

Download or read book Le Deuxième Sexe written by Simone de Beauvoir and published by Vintage. This book was released on 1989 with total page 791 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The classic manifesto of the liberated woman, this book explores every facet of a woman's life.

Women and Health Research

Download Women and Health Research PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 030904992X
Total Pages : 286 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Women and Health Research by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Women and Health Research written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1994-02-01 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the nineteenth century some scientists argued that women should not be educated because thinking would use energy needed by the uterus for reproduction. The proof? Educated women had a lower birth rate. Today's researchers can only shake their heads at such reasoning. Yet professional journals and the popular press are increasingly criticizing medical research for ignoring women's health issues. Women and Health Research examines the facts behind the public's perceptions about women participating as subjects in medical research. With the goal of increasing researchers' awareness of this important topic, the book explores issues related to maintaining justice (in its ethical sense) in clinical studies. Leading experts present general principles for the ethical conduct of research on womenâ€"principles that are especially important in the light of recent changes in federal policy on the inclusion of women in clinical research. Women and Health Research documents the historical shift from a paternalistic approach by researchers toward women and a disproportionate reliance on certain groups for research to one that emphasizes proper access for women as subjects in clinical studies in order to ensure that women receive the benefits of research. The book addresses present-day challenges to equity in four areas: Scientificâ€"Do practical aspects of scientific research work at cross-purposes to gender equity? Focusing on drug trials, the authors identify rationales for excluding people from research based on demographics. Social and Ethicalâ€"The authors offer compelling discussions on subjectivity in science, the evidence for male bias, and issues related to race and ethnicity, as well as the recruitment, retention, and protection of research participants. Legalâ€"Women and Health Research reviews federal research policies that affect the inclusion of women and evaluates the basis for researchers' fears about liability, citing court cases. Riskâ€"The authors focus on risks to reproduction and offspring in clinical drug trials, exploring how risks can be identified for study participants, who should make the assessment of risk and benefit for participation in a clinical study, and how legal implications could be addressed. This landmark study will be of immediate use to the research community, policymakers, women's health advocates, attorneys, and individuals.