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Selective Hydrogenation Of Alphabeta Unsaturated Aldehydes Towards Clean Synthesis Over Noble Metal Catalysts In Mass Transfer Efficient Three Phase Reactors
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Book Synopsis Selective Hydrogenation of [Alpha], [Beta]-unsaturated Aldehydes Towards Clean Synthesis Over Noble Metal Catalysts in Mass Transfer Efficient Three Phase Reactors by : Lai Qi Zhang
Download or read book Selective Hydrogenation of [Alpha], [Beta]-unsaturated Aldehydes Towards Clean Synthesis Over Noble Metal Catalysts in Mass Transfer Efficient Three Phase Reactors written by Lai Qi Zhang and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Selective Hydrogenation of [alpha], [beta][alpha, Beta]-unsaturated Aldehydes Towards Clean Synthesis Over Noble Metal Catalysts in Mass Transfer Efficient Three Phase Reactors by : Laiqi Zhang
Download or read book Selective Hydrogenation of [alpha], [beta][alpha, Beta]-unsaturated Aldehydes Towards Clean Synthesis Over Noble Metal Catalysts in Mass Transfer Efficient Three Phase Reactors written by Laiqi Zhang and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The hydrodynamics and mass transfer characteristics of a concurrent downflow contactor (CDC) are studied in this work in order to investigate the viability of this bubble column as a catalytic reactor for the hydrogenation of?,?-unsaturated aldehydes. Oxygen/water was used as the system throughout. In order to obtain reproducible results, a very effective gas-liquid separation method was conceived and developed after much trial and error work. Shutdown and deadleg gas holdup measuring methods were compared and it was found that the shutdown method is more reliable than the deadleg method. The hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde using both in-house-prepared and commercial palladium, platinum and ruthenium catalysts was carried out in stirred tank reactors and cocurrent downflow reactors in order to study the kinetics and mass transfer characteristics and the selectivity towards the corresponding desired product, hydrocinnamaldehyde or cinnamyl alcohol. When palladium catalysts were used the desired product was hydrocinnamaldehyde. The effects of homogenous reactions, type of solvent, catalyst loading, temperature, pressure, reactant concentration and the effects of promoter or poison on the selectivity towards hydrocinnamaldehyde were investigated systematically. Aldehyde acetals were produced in polar solvents, but not in non-polar solvents. Two methods can be used to obtain hydrocinnamaldehyde selectivity without reduction of the carbonyl double bond: (1) by using non-polar solvents such as toluene; (2) by incorporating poisons or promoters into the reactant solution or onto the surface of the catalysts. 97% selectivity to hydrocinnamaldehyde was achieved. The effects of the solvent, temperature, pressure, catalyst loading, promoters, and reactants concentration on the kinetics were studied and the following reaction kinetics are proposed for the hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde over non-modified palladium/charcoal catalysts in propan-2-ol and in toluene: Ra = kC\(_{Cat}\)C\(_{H2}\)C\(0_{CAL}\) The apparent activation energy varies with themperature range in propan-2-ol and is 65\(\pm\)5 kJ.mol\({-1}\) in toluene.
Book Synopsis Selective Hydrogenation of Α,β[alpha,beta]-unsaturated Aldehydes Towards Clean Synthesis Over Noble Metal Catalysts in Mass Transfer Efficient Three Phase Reactors by : Laiqi Zhang
Download or read book Selective Hydrogenation of Α,β[alpha,beta]-unsaturated Aldehydes Towards Clean Synthesis Over Noble Metal Catalysts in Mass Transfer Efficient Three Phase Reactors written by Laiqi Zhang and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The hydrodynamics and mass transfer characteristics of a concurrent downflow contactor (CDC) are studied in this work in order to investigate the viability of this bubble column as a catalytic reactor for the hydrogenation of ?,?-unsaturated aldehydes. Oxygen/water was used as the system throughout. In order to obtain reproducible results, a very effective gas-liquid separation method was conceived and developed after much trial and error work. Shutdown and deadleg gas holdup measuring methods were compared and it was found that the shutdown method is more reliable than the deadleg method. The hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde using both in-house-prepared and commercial palladium, platinum and ruthenium catalysts was carried out in stirred tank reactors and cocurrent downflow reactors in order to study the kinetics and mass transfer characteristics and the selectivity towards the corresponding desired product, hydrocinnamaldehyde or cinnamyl alcohol. When palladium catalysts were used the desired product was hydrocinnamaldehyde. The effects of homogenous reactions, type of solvent, catalyst loading, temperature, pressure, reactant concentration and the effects of promoter or poison on the selectivity towards hydrocinnamaldehyde were investigated systematically. Aldehyde acetals were produced in polar solvents, but not in non-polar solvents. Two methods can be used to obtain hydrocinnamaldehyde selectivity without reduction of the carbonyl double bond: (1) by using non-polar solvents such as toluene; (2) by incorporating poisons or promoters into the reactant solution or onto the surface of the catalysts. 97% selectivity to hydrocinnamaldehyde was achieved. The effects of the solvent, temperature, pressure, catalyst loading, promoters, and reactants concentration on the kinetics were studied and the following reaction kinetics are proposed for the hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde over non-modified palladium/charcoal catalysts in propan-2-ol and in toluene: Ra = kC\(-{Cat}\)C\(-{H2}\)C\( 0-{CAL}\) The apparent activation energy varies with themperature range in propan-2-ol and is 65\(\pm\)5 kJ.mol\( {-1}\) in toluene.
Book Synopsis Selective Hydrogenation of [alpha],[beta]-unsaturated Aldehydes Over Metal Catalysts by : Thomas Balder Ludwig Wolfgang Marinelli
Download or read book Selective Hydrogenation of [alpha],[beta]-unsaturated Aldehydes Over Metal Catalysts written by Thomas Balder Ludwig Wolfgang Marinelli and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Study of Selective Hydrogenation of [alpha], [beta]-unsaturated Aldehyde in Three Phase Reactors by : Wanida Koo-Amornpattana
Download or read book A Study of Selective Hydrogenation of [alpha], [beta]-unsaturated Aldehyde in Three Phase Reactors written by Wanida Koo-Amornpattana and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Study of Selective Hydrogenation of Α,β-unsaturated Aldehyde in Three Phase Reactors by : Wanida Koo-Amornpattana
Download or read book A Study of Selective Hydrogenation of Α,β-unsaturated Aldehyde in Three Phase Reactors written by Wanida Koo-Amornpattana and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Selective Hydrogenation of [alpha]-[beta] Unsaturated Aldehydes Over Ir Catalysts by : J. Gomez-Lopez
Download or read book Selective Hydrogenation of [alpha]-[beta] Unsaturated Aldehydes Over Ir Catalysts written by J. Gomez-Lopez and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Selective Hyddrogenation of [alpha],[beta]-unsaturated Aldehydes Over Metal Catalysts by : Thomas Balder Ludwig Wolfgang Marinelli
Download or read book Selective Hyddrogenation of [alpha],[beta]-unsaturated Aldehydes Over Metal Catalysts written by Thomas Balder Ludwig Wolfgang Marinelli and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Adsorption and Selective Hydrogenation of Α,β [alpha,beta] Unsaturated Aldehydes on Pt(111) and Pt-Sn Model Catalysts by : Jan Haubrich
Download or read book Adsorption and Selective Hydrogenation of Α,β [alpha,beta] Unsaturated Aldehydes on Pt(111) and Pt-Sn Model Catalysts written by Jan Haubrich and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Adsorption and Selective Hydrogenation of Alpha, Beta-unsaturated Aldehydes on Pt(111) and Pt-Sn Model Catalysts by : Jan Haubrich
Download or read book Adsorption and Selective Hydrogenation of Alpha, Beta-unsaturated Aldehydes on Pt(111) and Pt-Sn Model Catalysts written by Jan Haubrich and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Selective Hydrogenation of an A,b-unsaturated Aldehyde Using Palladium Catalysts by : Matteo Navarria
Download or read book Selective Hydrogenation of an A,b-unsaturated Aldehyde Using Palladium Catalysts written by Matteo Navarria and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Catalytic Hydrogenation in Organic Synthesis by : Morris Freifelder
Download or read book Catalytic Hydrogenation in Organic Synthesis written by Morris Freifelder and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1978-11 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on over 22 years of experience, this book presents a substantial accumulation of knowledge. Clearly and understandably written, it gives detailed descriptions of many experiments, providing step-by-step procedures along with personal notes and observations, directions, suggestions, and safety precautions. The yields obtained in these experiments are good to excellent, and most of the hydrogenations discussed are carried out under very mild conditions.
Book Synopsis Heterogeneous Enantioselective Hydrogenation by : Evgenii Klabunovskii
Download or read book Heterogeneous Enantioselective Hydrogenation written by Evgenii Klabunovskii and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-05-22 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Heterogeneous Enantioselective Hydrogenation: Theory and Practice reviews the development of enantioselective hydrogenation reaction catalysts. It looks at the first relatively ineffective catalysts right through to modern highly effective enantioselective catalytic systems, comparable in their efficiency to chiral metal complexes and enzymatic systems. The book begins with a summary of the first work on heterogeneous metal catalysts, which showed only the principal possibilities of enantioselective reactions. It then elaborates on metal catalysts which have enantioselectivities close to 100%. Finally, the practical utilization of chiral catalytic systems in processes of hydrogenation is described. The alpha- and beta-hydroxy carboxylic acid esters produced are precursors for manufacturing many synthones used for medicines as well as for monomers used for biodegradable polyesters, both of which have important practical applications. The volume summarizes more than 800 scientific papers in the field of enantioselective catalytic hydrogenation reactions, mainly those using heterogeneous metal catalysts. It provides detailed explanations of special techniques for the preparation of effective dissymmetric catalysts which provide highly efficient catalytic systems.
Book Synopsis Selective Hydrogenation of [alpha]-[beta] Unsaturated Aldehydes Over Ir Catalysts by : J. Gomez-Lopez
Download or read book Selective Hydrogenation of [alpha]-[beta] Unsaturated Aldehydes Over Ir Catalysts written by J. Gomez-Lopez and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Mechanistic Study for Selective Hydrogenation of Crotonaldehyde Using Platinum/metal-oxide Catalysts -- a Gas-phased Kinetics Study by : Yutichai Mueanngern
Download or read book Mechanistic Study for Selective Hydrogenation of Crotonaldehyde Using Platinum/metal-oxide Catalysts -- a Gas-phased Kinetics Study written by Yutichai Mueanngern and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this thesis we studied the kinetics of crotonaldehyde hydrogenation on a series of Pt-cerium oxide and Pt-titanium dioxide catalysts to elucidate some mechanistic aspects of partial hydrogenation processes, which occurs on bi-functional catalyst systems. Studies in the literature have shown that the C=O bond hydrogenation of unsaturated aldehydes, more specifically of the crotonaldehyde species, only occurs when a platinum/metal-oxide interface exist, and does not occur on pure platinum or metal oxide surfaces. The mechanism of this process and the determination of the active site of crotonaldehyde have never been investigated. Because the presence of Pt/metal-oxide interfaces lead to this selective C=O bond hydrogenation, the active site is hypothesized to occur on the platinum/metal-oxide interface. However, possibilities of the active site being at the platinum sites or scaling with the metal-oxide sites remains. In this study we show that the active site occurs on the platinum within some distance from the interface of the two phases. We also show in this study that within a region of cerium oxide nanocubes which are uniformly packed on a platinum surface there exist no C=O bond activity, however at the interface between rafts of cerium oxide nanoparticles there exhibits significant enhancements to the C=O bond product. These results provide strong evidence that the chemistry for this C=O bond pathway extends beyond the three phase boundary of the platinum/metal-oxide alone. The results from this study provide insight into fundamental design parameters for designing highly selective bi-functional nanocatalysts.
Book Synopsis Selective Hydrogenation of Butyronitrile Over Raney-Metals by :
Download or read book Selective Hydrogenation of Butyronitrile Over Raney-Metals written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The selective hydrogenation of butyronitrile to n-butylamine over Raney catalysts was tested in a high-pressure, three-phase reactor. ATR-IR technique was used to follow in-situ the hydrogenation of butyronitrile. INS spectroscopy was used to characterize the catalytic process on the metal surface. Further, the characterization study of each catalyst was carried out. The selectivity was the highest over LiOH-doped Raney-Co (nearly 100 %) as the bi-molecular, surface condensation to N-butylidene-butylamine becomes negligible. The LiOH modification (i) quenches the Al 3+ Lewis acid sites that catalyze the condensation reaction (ii) reduces the catalyst sorption capacity for reactive species (iii) increases the probability of the step-wise hydrogenation via nitrene species. Further, in the presence of the strong nucleophile OH- the condensation reaction is hindered.
Book Synopsis Applications of Hydrogenation and Dehydrogenation on Noble Metal Catalysts by : Bo Wang
Download or read book Applications of Hydrogenation and Dehydrogenation on Noble Metal Catalysts written by Bo Wang and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydrogenation and dehydrogenation on Pd- and Pt- catalysts are encountered in many industrial hydrocarbon processes. The present work considers the development of catalysts and their kinetic modeling along a general and rigorous approach. The first part deals with the kinetics of selective hydrogenation, more particularly of the C3 cut of a thermal cracking unit for olefins production. The kinetics of the gas phase selective hydrogenation of methyl-acetylene (MA) and propadiene (PD) over a Pd/y-alumina catalyst were investigated in a fixed bed tubular reactor at temperatures 60 - 80 oC and a pressure of 20 bara. Hougen-Watson type kinetic equations were derived. The formation of higher oligomers slowly deactivated the catalyst. The effect of the deactivating agent on the rates of the main reactions as well as on the deactivating agent formation itself was expressed in terms of a deactivation function multiplying the corresponding rates at zero deactivation. Then, the kinetic model was plugged into the reactor model to simulate an industrial adiabatic reactor. In the second part the production of hydrogen from hydrocarbons was investigated. In both cyclohexane and decalin dehydrogenations, conversions higher than 98% could be obtained over Pd/y-alumina catalyst at temperature of 320 and 340 oC, respectively, with no apparent deactivation for 30 h and with co-feed of H2 in the feed. Except for H2 and trace amounts of side cracking products, less than 0.01%, benzene was the only dehydrogenated product in cyclohexane dehydrogenation. In the case of decalin dehydrogenation, partially dehydrogenated product, tetralin, was also formed with selectivity lower than 5%, depending on operating conditions. A rigorous Hougen-Watson type kinetic model was derived, which accounted for both the dehydrogenation of cis- and trans- decalin in the feed and also the isomerization of the two isomers. Jet A is the logic fuel in the battlefields. The dehydrogenation of Jet A can produce H2 for military fuel cell application. Although the H2 production is lower than that of steam/autothermal reforming, it eliminates the needs of high temperature and product separation operation.
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