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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (718 download)
Download or read book Selected Poly Brominated Flame Retardants, PBDEs and TBBPA written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Ethel Eljarrat
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3642192696
Total Pages : 300 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (421 download)
Download or read book Brominated Flame Retardants written by Ethel Eljarrat and published by Springer. This book was released on 2011-04-15 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Brominated flame retardants are one of the last classes of halogenated compounds that are still being produced worldwide and used in large quantities in many applications. They are used in plastics, textiles, electronic circuitry, and other materials to prevent fires. This volume covers the state-of-the-art of the analysis, fate and behaviour of brominated flame retardants. Experts in the field provide an overview of the compounds’ physico-chemical properties and uses, their occurrence in the environment and biota, advanced chemical analytical methods, degradation studies, toxicological effects and human exposure. This book is a valuable and comprehensive source of information for environmental scientists interested in brominated flame retardant issues, and for authorities and producers.
Author : Kaj Thuresson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789172659902
Total Pages : 69 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (599 download)
Download or read book Occupational Exposure to Brominated Flame Retardants with Emphasis on Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers written by Kaj Thuresson and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) are a diverse group of chemicals, which are used to slow down or inhibit the development of fires. BFRs are incorporated into a wide range of consumer products that are considered as potential fire hazards, such as TV-sets, household appliances, computers, and textiles. The production and use of BFRs is extensive and consists of mainly tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and hexabromocyclododecan (HBCD). BFRs in general, but in particular the PBDEs, have led to both scientific and public concern since they have been found to bioaccumulate in humans and wildlife. The general population is targeted by the PBDEs due to their applications and via the food web. Occupational exposure occurs not only during direct handling of BFRs, but also during handling, repair and dismantling of flame retarded goods. This thesis is aimed to assess occupational exposure to BFRs. It is mainly focused PBDEs and especially the PBDEs with high bromine content, such as decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209).
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 158 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 ( download)
Download or read book Selected Brominated Flame Retardants written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Species-specific Accumulation of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) and Other Emerging Flame Retardants in Several Species of Birds from Korea written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Suzanne M. Snedeker
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1447165004
Total Pages : 311 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (471 download)
Download or read book Toxicants in Food Packaging and Household Plastics written by Suzanne M. Snedeker and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-08-13 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book serves as a comprehensive resource on toxicants that can be released from food packaging materials and household plastics. Chapters include sources and levels of chemical exposure, known and suspected health effects and the identification of data gaps with recommendations for further research. In addition, regulatory approaches and risk assessment challenges in the United States and Europe are discussed. Chapters cover both the more widely known chemicals that can migrate from food packaging (bisphenol A, perfluorinated chemicals), and household plastics (lead, phthalates, brominated flame retardants), as well as chemicals that are just entering use in food packaging (nanomaterials in polymer food packaging) and chemicals recently identified as migrating from food packaging to food stuffs (phthalates, benzophenones, antimony, methylnaphthalene and the alkylphenols nonylphenol and octylphenol). Chapters on phthalates and brominated flame retardants discuss challenges that arise with the use of replacement chemicals. The health effect sections of chapters have drawn on a wide variety of toxicological endpoints and recommend approaches to better assess toxicological risks in vulnerable human populations. Reflecting the global nature of our food supply and household consumer goods, contributions have been drawn from international experts. A wide range of scientists will find this book to be useful, including toxicologists, environmental health scientists, food scientists, and regulators.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 162 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book Risk Reduction Monograph written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Constantine D. Papaspyrides
Publisher : Newnes
ISBN 13 : 0444538097
Total Pages : 943 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (445 download)
Download or read book Polymer Green Flame Retardants written by Constantine D. Papaspyrides and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2014-08-14 with total page 943 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polymer Green Flame Retardants covers key issues regarding the response of polymers during fire, the mechanisms of their flame retardation, the regulations imposed on their use, and the health hazards arising from their combustion. Presenting the latest research developments, the book focuses in particular on nanocomposites, believed to be the most promising approach for producing physically superior materials with low flammability and ecological impact. The fire properties of nanocomposites of various matrixes and fillers are discussed, the toxicological characteristics of these materials are analyzed, addressing also their environmental sustainability. Edited by distinguished scientists, including an array of international industry and academia experts, this book will appeal to chemical, mechanical, environmental, material and process engineers, upper-level undergraduate and graduate students in these disciplines, and generally to researchers developing commercially attractive and environmentally friendly fire-proof products. Provides recent findings on the manufacture of environmentally sustainable flame retardant polymeric materials Covers legislation and regulations concerning flame retarded polymeric material use Includes tables containing the fire properties of the most common polymeric materials
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309171938
Total Pages : 534 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Toxicological Risks of Selected Flame-Retardant Chemicals written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-07-06 with total page 534 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ignition of upholstered furniture by small open flames from matches, cigarette lighters, and candles is one of the leading causes of residential-fire deaths in the United States. These fires accounted for about 16% of civilian fire deaths in 1996. On average, each year since 1990, about 90 deaths (primarily of children), 440 injuries, and property losses amounting to 50 million dollars have resulted from fires caused by the ignition of upholstered furniture by small open flames. Certain commercial seating products (such as aircraft and bus seats) are subject to flammability standards and sometimes incorporate FR-treated upholstery cover materials, but there is no federal-government requirement for residential upholstered furniture, and it is generally not treated with FR chemicals. It is estimated that less than 0.2% of all U.S. residential upholstery fabric is treated with flame-retardant (FR) chemicals. The Consumer Product Safety Act of 1972 created the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) as an independent federal regulatory agency whose mission is to protect the public from unreasonable risks of injury and death associated with consumer products. CPSC also administers the Flammable Fabrics Act, under which it regulates flammability hazards and the Federal Hazardous Substances Act (FHSA), which regulates hazardous substances including chemicals. In 1993, the National Association of State Fire Marshals petitioned CPSC to issue a performance-based flammability standard for upholstered furniture to reduce the risk of residential fires. The Commission granted that portion of the petition relating to small open flame ignition risks. In response to concerns regarding the safety of FR chemicals, Congress, in the fiscal year 1999 appropriations report for CPSC, requested that the National Research Council conduct an independent study of the health risks to consumers posed by exposure to FR chemicals that are likely to be used in residential upholstered furniture to meet a CPSC standard. The National Research Council assigned the project to the Committee on Toxicology (COT) of the Commission on Life Sciences' Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology. COT convened the Subcommittee on Flame-Retardant Chemicals, which prepared this report. Subcommittee members were chosen for their recognized expertise in toxicology, pharmacology, epidemiology, chemistry, exposure assessment, risk assessment, and biostatistics. Toxicological Risks of Selected Flame-Retardant Chemicals is organized into 18 chapters and two appendices. Chapter 2 describes the risk assessment process used by the subcommittee in determining the risk associated with potential exposure to the various FR chemicals. Chapter 3 describes the method the subcommittee used to measure and estimate the intensity, frequency, extent, and duration of human exposure to FR chemicals. Chapters 4-19 provide the subcommittee's review and assessment of health risks posed by exposure to each of the 16 FR chemicals. Data gaps and research needs are provided at the end of these chapters.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 628 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Toxicological Profile for Polybrominated Biphenyls and Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 628 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Paulo B. Merlani
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781607415015
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (15 download)
Download or read book Flame Retardants written by Paulo B. Merlani and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Flame retardants comprise a diverse group of chemicals which are widely used at relatively high concentrations in many applications, including the manufacture of electronic equipment, textiles, plastic polymers and in the car industry, primarily to protect materials against ignition and to prevent fire-related damage. More than 175 different types of flame retardants exist, which are commonly divided into four major groups: halogenated organic (usually brominated or chlorinated), inorganic, organophosphorus and nitrogen-containing flame retardants. Depending on the mode of action, flame retardants can act at any of the steps involved in the combustion process. Flame retardants are designed to prevent the spread of fire and have thereby helped to save many lives while also dramatically reducing the economic impact of fires. However, flame retardants, particularly the class known as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE's), may be contributing to the rising prevalence of developmental disabilities due to their widespread use and physiologically active properties including direct neurotoxicity and endocrine disruption. This new and important book gathers the latest research from around the globe in the study of flame retardants and their functions, properties and safety.
Author : Stuart Harrad
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 9780470684139
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (841 download)
Download or read book Persistent Organic Pollutants written by Stuart Harrad and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-11-19 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) are toxic, resistant to degradation, bioaccumulative, and display wide spatial distribution. They accumulate in humans and wildlife, and have been linked to cancer, as well as reproductive and immunological disorders. In 2001 a global treaty on POPs was agreed, to minimise and ultimately eliminate the release of POPs into the environment. The Stockholm Convention lists 12 groups of chemicals, and as of late 2008, a further 12 chemicals are under consideration for inclusion. This book addresses all of these chemicals, but focuses particularly on currently listed POPs that are still of major concern (e.g. polychlorinated biphenyls - PCBs), as well as new and emerging POPs that have been the subject of an explosion of scientific interest in the last decade, i.e. brominated flame retardants (BFRs) and perfluorinated chemicals (PFCs). Other chapters address the challenges posed by the presence of POPs in the developing world; how the properties of chiral POPs can provide unique insights into their environmental sources, fate and behaviour; and issues arising from the presence of POPs in urban and indoor environments. Persistent Organic Pollutants provides a much-anticipated reference source for a wide audience including academics, industrial scientists and regulators.
Author : Muhammad Zaffar Hashmi
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 303026615X
Total Pages : 366 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (32 download)
Download or read book Electronic Waste Pollution written by Muhammad Zaffar Hashmi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-09 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electronic and electric waste (e-waste), defined as end-of-life electronic products, including computers, television sets, mobile phones, transformers, capacitors, wires and cables, are a major global environmental concern. The crude recycling of e-waste releases persistent toxic substances, such as heavy metals, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and the environmental pollution and health risks caused by the improper disposal of e-waste has become an urgent issue. This book offers an overview of e-waste history, sources, and entry routes in soil, air, water and sediment. It also addresses e-waste transport and fate, bioavailability and biomonitoring, e-waste risk assessment, impacts on the environment and public health. In addition, it discusses the impact of e-waste on soil microbial community diversity, structure and function and reviews the treatment and management strategies, such as bioremediation and phytoremediation, as well as policies and future challenges. Given its scope, it is a valuable resource for students, researchers and scholars in the field of electronics manufacturing, environmental science and engineering, toxicology, environmental biotechnology, soil sciences and microbial ecology, as well as and plant biotechnology.
Author : Asim Kumar Roy Choudhury
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0429629672
Total Pages : 427 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (296 download)
Download or read book Flame Retardants for Textile Materials written by Asim Kumar Roy Choudhury and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-08-03 with total page 427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on flame retardants (FR) for textile materials. It discusses basics of flame retardancy and flammability and covers various types of flame retardants and materials, including natural FRs, halogen, phosphorous, and nanomaterial-based FRs. This book also discusses methods of applications of FRs and discusses FRs and the environment. Covers a variety of interdisciplinary applications in the textile industry Emphasizes environmental aspects Reports on a large number of FR compounds studied globally Discusses in detail recent developments in halogen-free eco-friendly flame retardants Extensively describes basic aspects of flame retardancy and their measurements Aimed at the practitioner and textile engineering professional this work aims to ensure development of safe textile materials for various uses, including apparel, protective wear, floor coverings, upholstery, drapery, and others.
Author : George W. Ware
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461225302
Total Pages : 165 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (612 download)
Download or read book Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology written by George W. Ware and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology provides detailed review articles concerned with aspects of chemical contaminants, including pesticides, in the total environment with toxicological considerations and consequences.
Author : Yanfei Xu
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 1839687142
Total Pages : 132 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (396 download)
Download or read book Flame Retardant and Thermally Insulating Polymers written by Yanfei Xu and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2021-09-08 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polymers have infiltrated almost every aspect of modern technology, as they have wide applications ranging from building insulation and firefighter uniforms to the Boeing 787 Dreamliner aircraft and electronics packaging. However, common polymers are flammable. Inflammability and thermal insulation properties in polymers are important for specific applications. This book discusses recent advances in developing eco-friendly, flame-retardant, and thermally insulative polymer-based materials. It not only focuses on developments of high-performance flame retardants, but also examines flame retardant behaviors in polymers. Eco-friendly polymers with superior flame retardancy, extraordinary thermal insulation, and excellent mechanical strength will provide new opportunities for existing and future applications.
Author : Paul H. Brunner
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1315313448
Total Pages : 454 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (153 download)
Download or read book Handbook of Material Flow Analysis written by Paul H. Brunner and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-12-19 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this second edition of a bestseller, authors Paul H. Brunner and Helmut Rechberger guide professional newcomers as well as experienced engineers and scientists towards mastering the art of material flow analysis (MFA) from the very beginning to an advanced state of material balances of complex systems. Handbook of Material Flow Analysis: For Environmental, Resource, and Waste Engineers, Second Edition serves as a concise and reproducible methodology as well as a basis for analysis, assessment and improvement of anthropogenic systems through an approach that is helpfully uniform and standardized. The methodology featured in this book is a vital resource for generating new data, fostering understanding, and increasing knowledge to benefit the growing MFA community working in the fields of industrial ecology, resource management, waste management, and environmental protection. This new second edition takes into account all new developments and readers will profit from a new exploration of STAN software, newly added citations, and thoroughly described case studies that reveal the potential of MFA to solve industrial ecology challenges.
