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Security Of Natural Gas Supply Through Transit Countries
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Book Synopsis Security of Natural Gas Supply through Transit Countries by : Jens Hetland
Download or read book Security of Natural Gas Supply through Transit Countries written by Jens Hetland and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2004-06-29 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Jens HETLAND & Teimuraz GOCHITASHVILI In contrast to oil, natural gas is usually routed through pipeline systems stretched from the wellhead to the end-user – although liquefied natural gas (LNG) is gaining increased interest; the commercialisation of natural gas fields is inherently linked to rigid transportation systems that require huge investments in tangible assets fixed to specific locations; the supply of natural gas is constrained by the transportation system, and requires access to appropriate infrastructure for transport and distribution; the trading of natural gas is traditionally associated with long-term contracts, albeit the duration per se of gas transport contracts appears to be less important after the deregulation of the energy markets. As diversification is strategically important to modern societies, the security of energy supplies becomes an inherent issue. In order to avoid situations of shortage, and to keep the price level stable, industrial nations are paying attention to the security of energy supplies. In brief terms this means that having more than one supplier of natural gas and more than one transport route would be strategically important. This also affects political issues and international law and regulations, economics, science and technology. The purpose of this book is to address opportunities extended from science and research pertaining to the exploitation and international trading of natural gas that involves transit countries. This especially relates to the transport and handling of gas from remote regions and pipelines that are
Book Synopsis Security of Natural Gas Supply through Transit Countries by : Jens Hetland
Download or read book Security of Natural Gas Supply through Transit Countries written by Jens Hetland and published by Springer. This book was released on 2004-06-29 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Jens HETLAND & Teimuraz GOCHITASHVILI In contrast to oil, natural gas is usually routed through pipeline systems stretched from the wellhead to the end-user – although liquefied natural gas (LNG) is gaining increased interest; the commercialisation of natural gas fields is inherently linked to rigid transportation systems that require huge investments in tangible assets fixed to specific locations; the supply of natural gas is constrained by the transportation system, and requires access to appropriate infrastructure for transport and distribution; the trading of natural gas is traditionally associated with long-term contracts, albeit the duration per se of gas transport contracts appears to be less important after the deregulation of the energy markets. As diversification is strategically important to modern societies, the security of energy supplies becomes an inherent issue. In order to avoid situations of shortage, and to keep the price level stable, industrial nations are paying attention to the security of energy supplies. In brief terms this means that having more than one supplier of natural gas and more than one transport route would be strategically important. This also affects political issues and international law and regulations, economics, science and technology. The purpose of this book is to address opportunities extended from science and research pertaining to the exploitation and international trading of natural gas that involves transit countries. This especially relates to the transport and handling of gas from remote regions and pipelines that are
Book Synopsis Security of Natural Gas Supply through Transit Countries by : Jens Hetland
Download or read book Security of Natural Gas Supply through Transit Countries written by Jens Hetland and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-04-10 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Jens HETLAND & Teimuraz GOCHITASHVILI In contrast to oil, natural gas is usually routed through pipeline systems stretched from the wellhead to the end-user – although liquefied natural gas (LNG) is gaining increased interest; the commercialisation of natural gas fields is inherently linked to rigid transportation systems that require huge investments in tangible assets fixed to specific locations; the supply of natural gas is constrained by the transportation system, and requires access to appropriate infrastructure for transport and distribution; the trading of natural gas is traditionally associated with long-term contracts, albeit the duration per se of gas transport contracts appears to be less important after the deregulation of the energy markets. As diversification is strategically important to modern societies, the security of energy supplies becomes an inherent issue. In order to avoid situations of shortage, and to keep the price level stable, industrial nations are paying attention to the security of energy supplies. In brief terms this means that having more than one supplier of natural gas and more than one transport route would be strategically important. This also affects political issues and international law and regulations, economics, science and technology. The purpose of this book is to address opportunities extended from science and research pertaining to the exploitation and international trading of natural gas that involves transit countries. This especially relates to the transport and handling of gas from remote regions and pipelines that are
Book Synopsis The Quest for Natural Gas Pipelines by : Konur Alp Kocak
Download or read book The Quest for Natural Gas Pipelines written by Konur Alp Kocak and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication aims to provide an overview of the European Union's efforts to maintain gas supply security especially vis-à-vis its main gas supplier, Russia. In that context, Eastern Partnership (EaP) countries, serving either as gas suppliers (Azerbaijan) or transit/corridor countries (all the others except Armenia), have an undeniable role for the EU. Security of gas supply depends on close EU cooperation with its EaP partners and interconnections between them. There are some welcome developments, such as the Southern Gas Corridor that transports Caspian gas to the EU, which reflects the importance of the EaP partners and also contributes to EU energy security and the ambitious Energy Union project. On the other hand, a project aiming to double the capacity of the gas pipeline directly connecting Germany and Russia under the Baltic Sea has raised some criticism.
Book Synopsis Europe's Gas Supply Security by : François-Loïc Henry
Download or read book Europe's Gas Supply Security written by François-Loïc Henry and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Europe is surrounded by abundant natural gas resources; physical availability is not in question. Beyond each EU country's own supply vulnerability issues, the actual availability of supply in source countries might be hindered by their production policies, transit issues, or domestic or international conflicts. Geopolitical risks to future gas supplies from source countries to the EU exist both in theory and in reality, but basically two major types of risks need to be taken into account: source risks and transit risks.
Book Synopsis THE EU’S ENERGY SUPPLY SECURITY: OPTIONS FOR GAS SUPPLY DIVERSIFICATION AND THE ROLE OF TURKEY by : ERAY ERBİL
Download or read book THE EU’S ENERGY SUPPLY SECURITY: OPTIONS FOR GAS SUPPLY DIVERSIFICATION AND THE ROLE OF TURKEY written by ERAY ERBİL and published by ERAY ERBİL. This book was released on 2018-06-27 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the gas disruptions to the European Union in 2006 and 2009 Ukrainian crises, the Community decided to diversify its supply sources and routes, develop energy infrastructure between the member states and increase energy efficiency to strengthen energy security of the Union. The book will examine the possibility of nine countries as being an alternative to Russian gas, and it will analyze Turkey's role in transmitting gas from the Caspian, the Middle East, and the Mediterranean regions to Europe.
Book Synopsis EU-Russia Energy Relations by : Dimo Böhme
Download or read book EU-Russia Energy Relations written by Dimo Böhme and published by Universitätsverlag Potsdam. This book was released on 2011 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Public debate about energy relations between the EU and Russia is distorted. These distortions present considerable obstacles to the development of true partnership. At the core of the conflict is a struggle for resource rents between energy producing, energy consuming and transit countries. Supposed secondary aspects, however, are also of great importance. They comprise of geopolitics, market access, economic development and state sovereignty. The European Union, having engaged in energy market liberalisation, faces a widening gap between declining domestic resources and continuously growing energy demand. Diverse interests inside the EU prevent the definition of a coherent and respected energy policy. Russia, for its part, is no longer willing to subsidise its neighbouring economies by cheap energy exports. The Russian government engages in assertive policies pursuing Russian interests. In so far, it opts for a different globalisation approach, refusing the role of mere energy exporter. In view of the intensifying struggle for global resources, Russia, with its large energy potential, appears to be a very favourable option for European energy supplies, if not the best one. However, several outcomes of the strategic game between the two partners can be imagined. Engaging in non-cooperative strategies will in the end leave all stakeholders worse-off. The European Union should therefore concentrate on securing its partnership with Russia instead of damaging it. Stable cooperation would need the acceptance that the partner may pursue his own goals, which might be different from one’s own interests. The question is, how can a sustainable compromise be found? This thesis finds that a mix of continued dialogue, a tit for tat approach bolstered by an international institutional framework and increased integration efforts appears as a preferable solution.
Book Synopsis Security of Gas Supply in Open Markets by : International Energy Agency
Download or read book Security of Gas Supply in Open Markets written by International Energy Agency and published by OECD. This book was released on 2004 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last decade, many IEA member countries have opened their energy markets to competition, with governments progressively withdrawing from direct management of the gas sector and focusing on establishing objectives and competition frameworks. With the continued growth of gas demand and the decline of domestic reserves, most IEA countries will need to import more gas, mainly for power generation, which will require access to gas reserves at competitive conditions, as well as timely investment in new infrastructure to ensure a reliable gas supply. This publication, part of a series on energy market reforms, examines recent developments in security of gas supply and reliability in all IEA regions, in the light of these new demand and supply trends. It includes a CD-ROM containing the views of the main stakeholders (governments, regulators, industry, customers and other organisations) involved.
Book Synopsis Energy Supply Security and the Southern Gas Corridor by : Erdal Tanas Karagöl
Download or read book Energy Supply Security and the Southern Gas Corridor written by Erdal Tanas Karagöl and published by SETA. This book was released on 2014-10-15 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This analysis focuses on the concept of energy supply security and SGC project that have been developed to provide energy supply security with Turkmenistan, Iran, KRG, and the East Mediterranean.
Book Synopsis Energy Security and Natural Gas Markets in Europe by : Tim Boersma
Download or read book Energy Security and Natural Gas Markets in Europe written by Tim Boersma and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-08-27 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Moving beyond most conventional thinking about energy security in Europe which revolves around stability of supplies and the reliability of suppliers, this book presents the history of European policy-making regarding energy resources, including recent controversies about shale gas and fracking. Using the United States as a benchmark, the author tests the hypothesis that EU energy security is at risk primarily because of a lack of market integration and cooperation between member states. This lack of integration still prohibits natural gas to flow freely throughout the continent, which makes parts of Europe vulnerable in case of supply disruptions. The book demonstrates that the EU gas market has been developing at different speeds, leaving the Northwest of the continent reasonably well integrated, with sufficient trade and liquidity and different supplies, whereas other parts are less developed. In these parts of Europe there is a structural lack of investments in infrastructure, interconnectors, reverse flow options and storage facilities. Thus, even though substantial progress has been made in parts of the EU, single source dependency often prevails, leaving the relevant member states vulnerable to market power abuse. Detailed comparisons are made of the situations in the Netherlands and Poland, and of energy policy in the USA. The book dismantles some of the existing assumptions about the concept of energy security, and touches upon the level of rhetoric that features in most energy security and policy debates in Europe.
Book Synopsis The IEA Natural Gas Security Study by : International Energy Agency
Download or read book The IEA Natural Gas Security Study written by International Energy Agency and published by OECD. This book was released on 1995 with total page 580 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Security of Energy Supply in Europe by : Julian Barquin
Download or read book Security of Energy Supply in Europe written by Julian Barquin and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2010-01-01 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In economic, technical and political terms, the security of energy supply is of the utmost importance for Europe. Alongside competition and sustainability, supply security represents a cornerstone of the EU s energy policy, and in times of rising geopolitical conflict plays an increasingly important role in its external relations. Within this context, the contributors analyse and explore the natural gas, nuclear, and hydrogen energy sectors, which will be of critical significance for the future of energy supplies in Europe. The book opens with an extensive exploration of the very definition of supply security and moves beyond sector-specific debates to highlight the political sensitivity surrounding energy security. The expert contributors apply a policy perspective, underpinned by theoretical discussion, to economic analysis in order to yield policy-relevant conclusions. They illustrate that the EU lacks a coherent transnational energy policy, that national energy policies fail to match EU goals and that, ultimately, sustainable energy policies, more competition, and better regulation will improve global welfare. Academics and EU policymakers both at national and international levels will find that the topical policy recommendations, extensive overview of supply security, and detailed perspectives on the natural gas, nuclear and hydrogen sectors presented herewith constitute an invaluable reference and research tool.
Book Synopsis Anticipatory Strategies for Eastern European Natural Gas Security by : Ryan Timothy Brown
Download or read book Anticipatory Strategies for Eastern European Natural Gas Security written by Ryan Timothy Brown and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Countries asymmetrically dependent on the import of energy resources are potentially vulnerable to coercion from supplier states. Anticipating the potential for coercion, asymmetrically dependent states will make infrastructure improvements to substitute supply if the cost of these improvements is lower than the potential cost of coercion. This thesis provides a pricing framework for members of the European Union to estimate substitution strategies in order to reduce dependence on and the potential for coercion by Russia. Currently, Russia provides roughly 30% of the EU's natural gas consumption and half of this gas is transported by pipeline through Ukraine in order to secure gas security. In 2006 and 2009, supply disruptions occurred due to a breakdown in negotiations between Russia and Ukraine, and EU members responded by constructing the necessary infrastructure to substitute Russian gas transited through Ukraine. The infrastructure improvements employed by the EU and its member states are examined to provide a pricing framework for countries still asymmetrically dependent. These strategies include LNG import facilities, new pipeline construction, reversing the flow of existing pipelines, and adding natural gas storage. This thesis applies the pricing framework to Finland and Bulgaria to evaluate which strategies would be most effective in terms of cost and the provision of natural gas security. Further interconnection to the EU internal market is lowest in cost, but requires the cooperation of transit states in order to be effective. LNG import is reasonable in terms of capital expenditure and provides a viable short-term response to disruption, but the additional operating cost of LNG versus pipeline supply makes long term substitution via LNG too costly. Overall, countries can apply the pricing framework to evaluate their natural gas security and to reduce coercive vulnerability.
Book Synopsis Europe's Energy Security by : Michael Ratner
Download or read book Europe's Energy Security written by Michael Ratner and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Report that focuses on potential approaches that Europe might employ to diversify its sources of natural gas supply, Russia's role in Europe's natural gas policies, and key factors that could hinder efforts to develop alternative suppliers of natural gas.
Book Synopsis The New Geopolitics of Natural Gas by : Agnia Grigas
Download or read book The New Geopolitics of Natural Gas written by Agnia Grigas and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2017-04-24 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We are in the midst of an energy revolution, led by the United States. As the world’s greatest producer of natural gas moves aggressively to expand its exports of liquefied natural gas (LNG), America stands poised to become an energy superpower—an unanticipated development with far-reaching implications for the international order. Agnia Grigas drills deep into today’s gas markets to uncover the forces and trends transforming the geopolitics of gas. The boom in shale gas production in the United States, the growth of global LNG trade, and the buildup of gas transport infrastructure worldwide have so transformed the traditional markets that natural gas appears to be on the verge of becoming a true global commodity. Traditional suppliers like Russia, whose energy-poor neighbors were dependent upon its gas exports and pipelines, are feeling the foundations of the old order shifting beneath their feet. Grigas examines how this new reality is rewriting the conventional rules of intercontinental gas trade and realigning strategic relations among the United States, the European Union, Russia, China, and beyond. In the near term, Moscow’s political influence will erode as the Russian gas giant Gazprom loses share in its traditional markets while its efforts to pivot eastward to meet China’s voracious energy needs will largely depend on Beijing’s terms. In this new geopolitics of gas, the United States will enjoy opportunities but also face challenges in leveraging its newfound energy clout to reshape relations with both European states and rising Asian powers.
Book Synopsis Energy Security in the Wider Black Sea Area – National and Allied Approaches by : E. Lyutskanov
Download or read book Energy Security in the Wider Black Sea Area – National and Allied Approaches written by E. Lyutskanov and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2013-08-06 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The need for reliable energy supplies continues to increase with global development, and so energy security seems certain to remain a global challenge for the foreseeable future. The Black Sea area is now a major producer of energy for the wider region and beyond. This book presents the 12 papers delivered at the NATO Advance Research Workshop (ARW) Energy Security in the Wider Black Sea Area – National and Allied Approaches, held in Plovdiv, Bulgaria, in November 2011. The workshop, which was attended by a balanced mix of international experts, focused on research concerning crucial aspects of energy security and the role of NATO, and covered issues such as energy security as part of national security concepts, transnational energy projects in Central and Eastern Europe and the Wider Black Sea area, national approaches to energy security, critical infrastructure aspects of energy security, scientific and industry support for establishing sustainability and alternatives in energy security. The book provides an overview of national and allied approaches to the topic of energy security, and will be of interest to all those whose work involved the field of energy security in general, and the Black Sea region in particular.
Book Synopsis Monitoring the Security of Gas Supply in the European Union by :
Download or read book Monitoring the Security of Gas Supply in the European Union written by and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In late 2021, an energy crisis emerged in the European Union (EU) as a result of (i) high energy prices following the summer season and (ii) various geopolitical and technical events. These circumstances had an impact in the operation of the EU natural gas system and the security of gas supply of the EU was threatened. During 2022, three different regulations were adopted in record time to safeguard the security of gas supply in the EU. They are related mainly to imposing minimum levels of gas in underground gas storages (UGSs) at the beginning of the winter, recommending demand reduction measures on a voluntary basis, and enhancing solidarity through better coordination of gas purchases. As a consequence, the need for monitoring the natural gas system as closely in time as possible increased during the energy crisis. In this context, the Joint Research Centre (JRC) monitored the operation of the EU natural gas sector, including UGSs, liquefied natural gas (LNG) regasification terminals, and transport of gas via pipeline. This monitoring is carried out daily and weekly with three publicly available data platforms that collect natural gas-related information. First, the European Network for Transmission System Operators for Gas (ENTSOG) manages a Transparency Platform (TP) containing gas transport indicators. Second, Gas Infrastructure Europe (GIE) collects information about UGSs by means of its Aggregated Gas Storage Inventory (AGSI+). Third, GIE also provides indicators for the large-scale LNG terminals via its Aggregated LNG Storage Inventory (ALSI). In addition, the in-house ENaGaD database provides daily natural gas consumption by member state and broken down by sector for some countries. The main goals of this report are twofold: (i) it examines the operation of the EU natural gas system in 2022 and compares it to historical records, and (ii) it presents tools for monitoring daily the EU's natural gas system operation using public transparency platforms.
