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Screening Peanut Genotypes Arachis Hypogaea L For Resistance To Aspergillus Flavus A Parasiticus And Aflatoxin Contamination
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Book Synopsis Screening Peanut Genotypes (Arachis Hypogaea L.) for Resistance to Aspergillus Flavus, A. Parasiticus and Aflatoxin Contamination by : Hassan Ahmad Azaizeh
Download or read book Screening Peanut Genotypes (Arachis Hypogaea L.) for Resistance to Aspergillus Flavus, A. Parasiticus and Aflatoxin Contamination written by Hassan Ahmad Azaizeh and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Evaluation of Peanut (Arachis Hypogaea L.) Germplasm for Resistance to Aflatoxin Production by Aspergillus Flavus Link Ex Fries by :
Download or read book Evaluation of Peanut (Arachis Hypogaea L.) Germplasm for Resistance to Aflatoxin Production by Aspergillus Flavus Link Ex Fries written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aflatoxins are carcinogenic and toxic secondary metabolites produced primarily by the fungi Aspergillus flavus Link ex Fries and A. parasiticus Speare. Aflatoxin contamination of peanut is a serious worldwide problem. Aflatoxin resistant cultivars should be a component of an integrated program of aflatoxin management. Peanut genotypes with resistance to in vitro seed colonization (IVSCAF), field seed colonization (FSCAF) and preharvest aflatoxin contamination (PAC) have been reported, but no germplasm highly resistant to aflatoxin production has been found in cultivated peanut. A technique was developed to identify genotypes with resistance to aflatoxin production when subjected to post-harvest conditions conducive to fungal growth and aflatoxin synthesis. This technique provides environmental control and generally results in a low coefficient of variation in the data. Using this technique, the effect of the high-oleate trait on aflatoxin production was tested by comparing normal oleic lines with high-oleic backcross-derived lines. High-oleate peanuts supported more aflatoxin than normaloleate lines, but the magnitude of the difference varied with background genotype. To determine if linoleate concentration in seed oil could be used to predict levels of aflatoxin production, seeds of genotypes representing a range of linoleate concentration were tested. Low-linoleate lines consistently contained more aflatoxin, while normal- to highlinoleate lines contained variable amounts of aflatoxin. Although fatty acid profiles accounted for significant portions of the genetic variation, fatty acid concentration was not a reliable predictor of aflatoxin production, especially for lines in the normal range for oleate and linoleate. The same technique was used to evaluate seven accessions of A. cardenasii Krapov. and W.C. Gregory, 29 accessions of A. duranensis Krapov. and W.C. Gregory, and 17 interspecific tetraploid lines derived from A. cardenasii. The two diploid wild species.
Book Synopsis Evaluation of Peanut (Arachis Hypogaea L.) Germplasm for Resistance to Aflatoxin Production by Aspergillus Flavus Link Ex Fries by : Huiqin Xue
Download or read book Evaluation of Peanut (Arachis Hypogaea L.) Germplasm for Resistance to Aflatoxin Production by Aspergillus Flavus Link Ex Fries written by Huiqin Xue and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Keywords: aflatoxin, Arachis hypogaea L., peanut, plant breeding, fatty acids, Aspergillus flavus link ex Fries.
Download or read book Oil Crops written by Johann Vollmann and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-09-18 with total page 557 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When one is privileged to participate long enough in a professional capacity, certain trends may be observed in the dynamics of how challenges are met or how problems are solved. Agricultural research is no exception in view of how the plant sciences have moved forward in the past 30 years. For example, the once grand but now nearly forgotten art of whole plant physiology has given way almost completely to the more sophisticated realm of molecular biology. What once was the American Society of Plant Physiologists’ is now the American Society of Plant Molecular Biology; a democratic decision to indemnify efforts to go beyond the limits of the classical science and actually begin to understand the underlying biological basis for genetic regulation of metabolic mechanisms in plants. Yet, as new technologies open windows of light on the inner workings of biological processes, one might reminisce with faint nostalgia on days long past when the artisans of plant physiology, biochemistry, analytical chemistry and other scientific disciplines ebbed and waned in prominence. No intentional reference is made here regarding Darwinism; the plant sciences always have been extremely competitive. Technology is pivotal. Those who develop and/or implement innovative concepts typically are regarded as leaders in their respective fields. Each positive incremental step helps bring recognition and the impetus to push a scientific discipline forward with timely approaches to address relevant opportunities.
Book Synopsis DNA Markers for Resistance to Post-Harvest Aflatoxin Accumulation in Arachis Hypogaea L. by :
Download or read book DNA Markers for Resistance to Post-Harvest Aflatoxin Accumulation in Arachis Hypogaea L. written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aflatoxin contamination causes economic loss for the global peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) industry and raises human and animal health concerns. Peanut genotypes with resistance to aflatoxin accumulation should be an important part of an integrated aflatoxin management program. This study was conducted to identify AFLP markers tightly linked to genetic factors controlling reduced aflatoxin accumulation. A segregating F2 population was generated by crossing high-aflatoxin producing cultivar Gregory with low-aflatoxin producing interspecific tetraploid line GP-NC WS 2, phenotyped for aflatoxin accumulation using an in vitro assay, and screened with AFLP markers previously identified to be associated with reduced aflatoxin accumulation. An F-test was used to determine whether markers were associated with the trait, a genetic linkage map was generated, and interval mapping was used to identify regions of the genome that influence aflatoxin accumulation. Gregory produced significantly more aflatoxin than GP-NC WS 2, and the F2 population exhibited high-parent heterosis. Thirty-five of 38 AFLP markers used to screen the F2 population had segregation distortion favoring the A. hypogaea cultivar. Six markers were significantly associated with reduced aflatoxin accumulation at the 5% significance level. Thirty-three markers were included in a genetic linkage map covering 60 cM and a putative QTL was identified at map position 9 cM. Linked markers could be utilized in a marker-assisted selection program to identify individuals that support low levels of aflatoxin accumulation.
Download or read book Peanuts written by Thomas Stalker and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2015-12-29 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Peanuts: Genetics, Processing, and Utilization (Oilseed Monograph) presents innovations in crop productivity and processing technologies that help ensure global food security and high quality peanut products. The authors cover three central themes, modern breeding methods for development of agronomic varieties in the U.S., China, West Central Africa, and India, enhanced crop protection and quality through information from the peanut genome sequence, and state-of-the-art processing and manufacturing of products in market environments driven by consumer perception, legislation, and governmental policy. - Discusses modern breeding methods and genetically diverse resources for the development of agronomic varieties in the U.S., China, India, and West Central Africa - Provides enhanced crop protection and quality through the application of information and genetic tools derived from analysis of the peanut genome sequence - Includes state-of-art processing and manufacture of safe, nutritious, and flavorful food products
Download or read book Peanut Science written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Genetics, Genomics and Breeding of Peanuts by : Nalini Mallikarjuna
Download or read book Genetics, Genomics and Breeding of Peanuts written by Nalini Mallikarjuna and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-05-15 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Peanut, an amphidiploid, is an important food and oil crop and has an interesting evolutionary history. This book provides a glimpse of the advances in genetic resources and genomics research of peanut made during the last decade. It contains an overview of germplasm, advances in genetic and genomic resources, genetic and trait mapping, proteomic a
Book Synopsis Genetics, Genomics and Breeding of Peanuts by : Nalini Mallikarjuna
Download or read book Genetics, Genomics and Breeding of Peanuts written by Nalini Mallikarjuna and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-05-15 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Peanut, an amphidiploid, is an important food and oil crop and has an interesting evolutionary history. This book provides a glimpse of the advances in genetic resources and genomics research of peanut made during the last decade. It contains an overview of germplasm, advances in genetic and genomic resources, genetic and trait mapping, proteomic and transcriptomic analyses, functional and comparative genomics studies, and molecular breeding applications. This book should prove useful to students, teachers, and young researchers as a ready reference to the latest information on peanut genetics and genomics.
Book Synopsis Development of Genomics Resources for Arachis Hypogaea and Profiling the Genetic Regulation of Pre-harvest Aflatoxin Resistance by : Josh Paul Clevenger
Download or read book Development of Genomics Resources for Arachis Hypogaea and Profiling the Genetic Regulation of Pre-harvest Aflatoxin Resistance written by Josh Paul Clevenger and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aflatoxin is a highly carcinogenic mycotoxin produced by Aspergillus spp that contaminates peanuts (Arachis hypogaea) pre- and post-harvest. Understanding the interaction between peanut and fungus, leading to the production of aflatoxin, is key to identifying genetic sources of resistance. With the goal of describing the state of the seed that is permissive or repressive of pre-harvest aflatoxin contamination, a highly controlled, automated rainout shelter design was used to generate materials with differing conditions of Aspergillus colonization and aflatoxin contamination for RNA-sequencing of single seeds. To properly analyze these data new genomic and transcriptomic resources needed to be developed for peanut. First, 22 tissues and ontogenies were sampled that spanned the developmental stages of peanut and created a gene atlas. A genome-guided pipeline was used to create a homeolog-specific transcriptome assembly which was used to annotate 23 co-expression networks, over 9,000 alternative splicing events, and over 6,000 non-coding RNAs. Second, a novel pipeline, SWEEP, was developed for identifying high quality single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers in peanut and was released as a freely available tool. Using SWEEP, a 60K SNP chip for Arachis spp was designed and used to investigate the genetic diversity of US peanut cultivars and to identify genomic regions that have undergone preferential selection by breeders. The developed transcriptome assembly and SNP filtering pipeline were used to analyze the RNA sequencing data from the rainout shelter experiment. Sets of genes were identified, across genotypes, which were differentially expressed between seeds contaminated with aflatoxin and not. Key pathways that were significantly differentially expressed were identified including fatty acid biosynthesis, GA biosynthesis, and ABA signaling. Additionally, potential breeding targets were found to increase pre-harvest resistance, including a repressor of ABA signaling, ABR1. SNPs associated with differentially expressed genes between genotypes were identified as potential eQTL. Finally, a set of non-coding RNAs were discovered that are differentially expressed, adding a layer of potential regulation for aflatoxin resistance. Overall, resource development facilitated the ability to describe the state of the seed that is permissive for aflatoxin contamination, which provides a platform for future pre-harvest aflatoxin contamination research.
Book Synopsis Field Evaluation of Peanut Genotypes for Resistance to Infection by Aspergillus Parasiticus by : Charles Tary Kisyombe
Download or read book Field Evaluation of Peanut Genotypes for Resistance to Infection by Aspergillus Parasiticus written by Charles Tary Kisyombe and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Aflatoxin Contamination of Groundnut by : International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics
Download or read book Aflatoxin Contamination of Groundnut written by International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mycotoxins written by John F. Leslie and published by CABI. This book was released on 2008 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an outcome of the MycoGlobe conference in Accra. Most of the chapters are based on invited oral presentations made at the conference. The chapters in this book touch on issues including health, trade, ecology, epidemiology, occurrence, detection, management, awareness and policy. This book serves as a source of information on the occurrence and impact of mycotoxins on everything from trade and health to agricultural production in addition to suggesting opportunities for their management in Africa and elsewhere by researchers, policy makers and development investors.
Book Synopsis Plant ABC Transporters by : Markus Geisler
Download or read book Plant ABC Transporters written by Markus Geisler and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-09-06 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is devoted to the fascinating superfamily of plant ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters and their variety of transported substrates. It highlights their exciting biological functions, covering aspects ranging from cellular detoxification, through development, to symbiosis and defense. Moreover, it also includes a number of chapters that center on ABC transporters from non-Arabidopsis species. ABC proteins are ubiquitous, membrane-intrinsic transporters that catalyze the primary (ATP-dependent) movement of their substrates through biological membranes. Initially identified as an essential aspect of a vacuolar detoxification process, genetic work in the last decade has revealed an unexpectedly diverse variety of ABC transporter substrates, which include not only xenobiotic conjugates, but also heavy metals, lipids, terpenoids, lignols, alkaloids and organic acids. The discovery that members of the ABCB and ABCG family are involved in the movement of phytohormones has further sparked their exploration and provided a new understanding of the whole family. Accordingly, the trafficking, regulation and structure-function of ABCB-type auxin transporters are especially emphasized in this book.
Book Synopsis Inheritance of Resistance to Aspergillus Parasiticus Speare in Peanut (Arachis Hypogaea L.) by : Setyo Dwi Utomo
Download or read book Inheritance of Resistance to Aspergillus Parasiticus Speare in Peanut (Arachis Hypogaea L.) written by Setyo Dwi Utomo and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Peanut (Arachis Hypogaea) Crop by : R. K. Maiti
Download or read book The Peanut (Arachis Hypogaea) Crop written by R. K. Maiti and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fifteen specialists from Mexico, the U.S., and Australia contribute 14 chapters on the basic aspects and recent advances in the science of peanut production. Coverage includes the origin and evolution of peanuts, morphology, anatomy, breeding and genetics, growth physiology, production techniques, a
Book Synopsis The Annual Report of the Peanut Collaborative Research Support Program (CRSP) by : Peanut Collaborative Research Support Program
Download or read book The Annual Report of the Peanut Collaborative Research Support Program (CRSP) written by Peanut Collaborative Research Support Program and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
