Evidence-Based Practice for Public Health Emergency Preparedness and Response

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Author :
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309670381
Total Pages : 501 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (96 download)

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Book Synopsis Evidence-Based Practice for Public Health Emergency Preparedness and Response by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Evidence-Based Practice for Public Health Emergency Preparedness and Response written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2020-11-28 with total page 501 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When communities face complex public health emergencies, state local, tribal, and territorial public health agencies must make difficult decisions regarding how to effectively respond. The public health emergency preparedness and response (PHEPR) system, with its multifaceted mission to prevent, protect against, quickly respond to, and recover from public health emergencies, is inherently complex and encompasses policies, organizations, and programs. Since the events of September 11, 2001, the United States has invested billions of dollars and immeasurable amounts of human capital to develop and enhance public health emergency preparedness and infrastructure to respond to a wide range of public health threats, including infectious diseases, natural disasters, and chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear events. Despite the investments in research and the growing body of empirical literature on a range of preparedness and response capabilities and functions, there has been no national-level, comprehensive review and grading of evidence for public health emergency preparedness and response practices comparable to those utilized in medicine and other public health fields. Evidence-Based Practice for Public Health Emergency Preparedness and Response reviews the state of the evidence on PHEPR practices and the improvements necessary to move the field forward and to strengthen the PHEPR system. This publication evaluates PHEPR evidence to understand the balance of benefits and harms of PHEPR practices, with a focus on four main areas of PHEPR: engagement with and training of community-based partners to improve the outcomes of at-risk populations after public health emergencies; activation of a public health emergency operations center; communication of public health alerts and guidance to technical audiences during a public health emergency; and implementation of quarantine to reduce the spread of contagious illness.

Scientific advice and evidence in emergencies

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Author :
Publisher : The Stationery Office
ISBN 13 : 9780215556561
Total Pages : 260 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (565 download)

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Book Synopsis Scientific advice and evidence in emergencies by : Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Science and Technology Committee

Download or read book Scientific advice and evidence in emergencies written by Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Science and Technology Committee and published by The Stationery Office. This book was released on 2011-03-02 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this report, the Science and Technology Committee examines how scientific advice and evidence is used in national emergencies, when the Government and scientific advisory system are put under great pressure to deal with atypical situations. The inquiry focused on four case studies: (i) the 2009-10 H1N1 influenza pandemic (swine flu); (ii) the April 2010 volcanic ash disruption; (iii) space weather; and (iv) cyber attacks. While science is used effectively to aid responses to emergencies, the detachment of the Government Chief Scientific Adviser (GCSA) from the National Risk Assessment (NRA) - the key process of risk evaluation carried out by the Cabinet Office - is a serious concern. The Committee recommends that the NRA should not be signed off until the GCSA is satisfied that all risks requiring scientific input and judgements have been properly considered. A new independent scientific advisory committee should be set up to advise the Cabinet on risk assessment and review the NRA. The Icelandic volcanic eruption in April 2010 is a stark example of the lack of scientific input in risk assessment: the risk of disruption to aviation caused by a natural disaster was dropped from the assessment process in 2009, despite warnings from earth scientists. There are concerns over how risk was communicated to the public during the 2009-10 swine flu pandemic are raised in the report, with sensationalised media reporting about the projected deaths from swine flu. The Scientific Advisory Groups in Emergencies, set up to advise government during emergencies, were found to work in an unnecessarily secretive way.

The Report of the Iraq Inquiry

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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781474133326
Total Pages : 145 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (333 download)

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Book Synopsis The Report of the Iraq Inquiry by : Great Britain. Cabinet Office

Download or read book The Report of the Iraq Inquiry written by Great Britain. Cabinet Office and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Pandemic Influenza Preparedness and Response

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Author :
Publisher : World Health Organization
ISBN 13 : 9241547685
Total Pages : 62 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (415 download)

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Book Synopsis Pandemic Influenza Preparedness and Response by : World Health Organization

Download or read book Pandemic Influenza Preparedness and Response written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2009 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This guidance is an update of WHO global influenza preparedness plan: the role of WHO and recommendations for national measures before and during pandemics, published March 2005 (WHO/CDS/CSR/GIP/2005.5).

Guide for All-Hazard Emergency Operations Planning

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Author :
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
ISBN 13 : 078814829X
Total Pages : 277 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (881 download)

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Book Synopsis Guide for All-Hazard Emergency Operations Planning by : Kay C. Goss

Download or read book Guide for All-Hazard Emergency Operations Planning written by Kay C. Goss and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1998-05 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Meant to aid State & local emergency managers in their efforts to develop & maintain a viable all-hazard emergency operations plan. This guide clarifies the preparedness, response, & short-term recovery planning elements that warrant inclusion in emergency operations plans. It offers the best judgment & recommendations on how to deal with the entire planning process -- from forming a planning team to writing the plan. Specific topics of discussion include: preliminary considerations, the planning process, emergency operations plan format, basic plan content, functional annex content, hazard-unique planning, & linking Federal & State operations.

Devil's bargain?

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Publisher : The Stationery Office
ISBN 13 : 9780215046703
Total Pages : 124 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (467 download)

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Book Synopsis Devil's bargain? by : Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Science and Technology Committee

Download or read book Devil's bargain? written by Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Science and Technology Committee and published by The Stationery Office. This book was released on 2012-07-09 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The UK Government's position as an advocate for nuclear power makes it difficult for the public to trust it as an impartial source of information. Technically competent public bodies that are independent of Government - such as the Health & Safety Executive and Office for Nuclear Regulation - are in a much better position to engender public trust and influence risk perceptions. The Committee calls on these regulators to make greater efforts to communicate risk to the public and develop their role as trusted sources of information for lay people, in addition to providing risk information for technical audiences. There is also a lack of strategic coordination across Government when it comes to risk communication. A senior individual in Government should lead a Risk Communication Strategy team, drawing together existing expertise within Departments and public bodies - and be visibly responsible for overseeing risk communication. Furthermore, the decision to class the Fukushima incident at the same 'Level Seven' magnitude as Chernobyl - despite there being significantly lower levels of radioactive material released into the atmosphere and no deaths directly attributable to the accident - demonstrates the need to revise the scale used to communicate the magnitude of nuclear accidents. The global body responsible for the International Nuclear and Radiological Event Scale (INES) should review the scale. This report also calls on sources to emphasise to the public that exceeding recommended minimal radiation exposure levels may not pose any risk to people or the environment

Attacks on Science

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Author :
Publisher : Greenhaven Publishing LLC
ISBN 13 : 1534507957
Total Pages : 178 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (345 download)

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Book Synopsis Attacks on Science by :

Download or read book Attacks on Science written by and published by Greenhaven Publishing LLC. This book was released on 2021-07-15 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent examples of attacks on science such as climate change denial demonstrate the danger of attacks on science. However, the negative impacts of these attacks must be weighed against other considerations, including the freedom of speech and religious expression, and the assertion that some criticism is healthy for the scientific field. The viewpoints in this volume consider the impacts of attacks on science, whether these attacks can be stopped, and how they can be prevented. Readers will evaluate the role of the internet in propagating and legitimizing these attacks.

Marine Science

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Publisher : The Stationery Office
ISBN 13 : 9780215056788
Total Pages : 188 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (567 download)

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Book Synopsis Marine Science by : Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Science and Technology Committee

Download or read book Marine Science written by Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Science and Technology Committee and published by The Stationery Office. This book was released on 2013-04-11 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Properly managed Marine Conservation Zones will protect marine life the UK's coastal waters and ensure the fishing industry has a sustainable long- term future. The Government is currently letting the project flounder while sensitive environments are further degraded and the industry is subjected to further uncertainty. It has been over three years since the Marine and Coastal Access Act was passed, with cross-party consensus that Marine Conservation Zones were necessary and has widespread public support. Despite this, the designation process has been repeatedly delayed and Marine Conservation Zones have become increasingly controversial. 127 Marine Conservation Zones have been proposed, but Defra has consulted on only 31 of these, without setting out the zone selection process, when these would be implemented or exactly how they would be managed. The Committee welcomes the publication of the Marine Science Strategy and establishment of the Marine Science Coordination Committee. However, it notes concerns about the effectiveness of these measures and highlights the risk that changes to funding mechanisms could undermine support for long-term strategic marine science. It is also recognised that the Natural Environment Research Council is currently operating with inadequate resources, but it should consider the impact that restructuring its research funding has had on its support for strategic marine science. The Committee recommended there should be a duty on commercial operations to share the data they collect. It is concerning that funding for important long-term monitoring programmes remains opportunistic and piecemeal. Developments in technologies such as autonomous underwater vehicles could dramatically alter the way in which marine data is collected

HC 469 - Science in Emergencies: UK Lessons from Ebola

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Author :
Publisher : The Stationery Office
ISBN 13 : 0215090861
Total Pages : 49 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis HC 469 - Science in Emergencies: UK Lessons from Ebola by : Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Science and Technology Committee

Download or read book HC 469 - Science in Emergencies: UK Lessons from Ebola written by Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Science and Technology Committee and published by The Stationery Office. This book was released on 2016 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ebola is a rare and deadly disease. Since late 2013, West Africa has experienced the largest Ebola outbreak ever recorded. We pay tribute to all those who worked tirelessly to tackle this outbreak, some of whom gave evidence to this inquiry, and many of whom continue working to avert similar crises in the future. We also commend the Government on its leading contribution to the fight against Ebola, and the financial, and personnel, commitments that it made, from constructing and staffing Ebola treatment centres in Sierra Leone to deploying troops, helicopters, aircrew and an aviation support ship to provide much needed logistical support. Examples of UK successes in tackling Ebola, however, must not allow complacency to set in. Despite this impressive deployment of resources to combat Ebola in Sierra Leone, the UK response - like the international response - was undermined by systemic delay. The biggest lesson that must be learnt from this outbreak of Ebola is that even minor delays in responding cost lives. Yet delays were evident at every stage of our response, from escalating Public Health England's disease surveillance data to those with the capacity to act, to convening a Scientific Advisory Group for Emergencies which failed to be established until October 2014, three months after 'Cobra', the Government's emergency response committee, first met. In the absence of established mechanisms, ad hoc approaches emerged to fill the gaps. Inevitably, these were not as effective, or as targeted, as they should have been.

Building Scientific Capacity for Development

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Author :
Publisher : The Stationery Office
ISBN 13 : 9780215049636
Total Pages : 132 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (496 download)

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Book Synopsis Building Scientific Capacity for Development by : Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Science and Technology Committee

Download or read book Building Scientific Capacity for Development written by Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Science and Technology Committee and published by The Stationery Office. This book was released on 2012-10-26 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The UK has benefitted from having strong scientific advice available to Ministers and developing nations would see a huge benefit from being able to draw on strong home-grown institutions to inform policy decisions. A previous report by the Science and Technology Committee had criticised the Government for not paying enough attention to building the science base of developing nations. While concerns remain, MPs considered that the Department for International Development had made improvements in using a more robust evidence base and developing its own in-house expertise. An important feature raised in this report is that there had to be more attention paid to ensuring that scientists, especially those trained through UK support, were facilitated in staying in their home country and utilising the skills they had acquired. More support was needed to permit scientists from developing nations to build and develop their early career within in their native country. Only then could programmes to build scientific capacity eventually become self-sustaining. UK science benefits from collaborations in developing nations and through building connections with growing economies of the world but the MPs found that current funding streams actively discourage the participation of UK scientists. The MPs recommended that exercises such as the Research Excellence Framework recognise the contribution made by these scientists beyond their publication record.

House of Commons - Science and Technology Committee: Clinical Trials - HC 104

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Author :
Publisher : The Stationery Office
ISBN 13 : 9780215062321
Total Pages : 210 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (623 download)

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Book Synopsis House of Commons - Science and Technology Committee: Clinical Trials - HC 104 by : Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Science and Technology Committee

Download or read book House of Commons - Science and Technology Committee: Clinical Trials - HC 104 written by Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Science and Technology Committee and published by The Stationery Office. This book was released on 2013-09-17 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many of the trials taking place today are unregistered and unpublished, meaning that the information that they generate remains invisible to both the scientific community and the public. This undermines public trust, slowing the pace of medical advancement and potentially putting patients at risk. All trials conducted on NHS treatments-and all other trials receiving public funding-should be prospectively registered and their results published in a scientific journal. While the focus should be on implementing this change for future trials, the Government must also do what it can to ensure that historic trials are registered and published, particularly where they have been publically funded. The Government should also take steps to facilitate greater sharing of the raw data generated during a trial in a responsible and controlled way, with the knowledge and consent of patients. The report also draws attention to the recent fall in the number of trials taking place in the UK. It finds that the need for multiple governance approvals from participating NHS organisations remained the biggest barrier to setting up a UK trial, but that lack of public awareness was also a key issue. Recruiting participants can also be a challenge. The report calls on the Government to take its recommendations into account in ongoing discussions regarding the revision of European clinical trials legislation and in its response to the European Medicines Agency's consultation on the release of clinical trial data, which closes at the end of this month

Science in the Met Office

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Publisher : The Stationery Office
ISBN 13 : 9780215041876
Total Pages : 136 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (418 download)

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Book Synopsis Science in the Met Office by : Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Science and Technology Committee

Download or read book Science in the Met Office written by Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Science and Technology Committee and published by The Stationery Office. This book was released on 2012-02-21 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Met Office currently operates as a Trading Fund within the Department of Business, Innovation and Skills (BIS). The Committee welcomes the move to BIS, particularly given the potential for closer links with the research base and the opportunity to develop further its commercial activities. Core services though for the public service must be maintained. The Met Office generates a significant proportion of its revenues from Government contracts and Customer Service Agreements, in addition to its' commercial services and the Government should provide clearly defined funding commitments. This would allow the Met Office to take a longer-term perspective on scientific and operational development. The Government has no plans to privatise the Met Office, which the Committee saw as putting at risk the strong partnerships built with international partners and the sharing of crucial meteorological data. Also the Committee welcomes the Government's initiative of Public Data Corporation. Some concern though is expressed that scientific advances in weather forecasting and the associated public benefits (particularly in regard to severe weather warnings) are available but are being held back by insufficient supercomputing capacity. The Met Office should attempt to streamline the scrutiny of science under one committee and develop a strong customer relationship with key government departments.

Peer review in scientific publications

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Author :
Publisher : The Stationery Office
ISBN 13 : 9780215560889
Total Pages : 258 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (68 download)

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Book Synopsis Peer review in scientific publications by : Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Science and Technology Committee

Download or read book Peer review in scientific publications written by Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Science and Technology Committee and published by The Stationery Office. This book was released on 2011-07-28 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report indicates that the oversight of research integrity in the UK is unsatisfactory. The Science and Technology Committee concludes that in order to allow others to repeat and build on experiments, researchers should aim for the gold standard of making their data fully disclosed and made publicly available. The report examines the current peer-review system as used in scientific publications and the related issues of research impact, data management, publication ethics and research integrity. The UK does not seem to have an oversight body for research integrity covering advice and assurance functions across all disciplines and the Committee recommends the creation of an external regulator. It also says all UK research institutions should have a specific member of staff leading on research integrity. The report highlights concerns about the use of journal Impact Factor as a proxy measure for the quality of research or of individual articles. Innovative ways to improve current pre-publication peer-review practices are highlighted in the report, including the use of pre-print servers, open peer review, increased transparency and online repository-style journals. The growth of post-publication peer review and commentary also represents an enormous opportunity for experimentation with new media and social networking tools, which the Committee encourages. There should also be greater recognition of the work-sometimes considered to be a burden-carried out by reviewers, by both publishers and employers. In order to do this, publishers need to have in place systems for recording and acknowledging the contribution of those involved in peer review.

House of Commons - Science and Technology Committee: Work of the European and UK Space Agencies - HC 253

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Author :
Publisher : The Stationery Office
ISBN 13 : 9780215063243
Total Pages : 122 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (632 download)

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Book Synopsis House of Commons - Science and Technology Committee: Work of the European and UK Space Agencies - HC 253 by : Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Science and Technology Committee

Download or read book House of Commons - Science and Technology Committee: Work of the European and UK Space Agencies - HC 253 written by Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Science and Technology Committee and published by The Stationery Office. This book was released on 2013-10-28 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Committee heard much positive feedback about the work of the UK Space Agency since its creation in 2011. The UK's space sector is one of our economy's fastest growing sectors, with an average growth rate of almost 7.5%, and it has ambitions to increase its annual turnover to £40 billion by 2030. The report welcomes recent increases in the UK's commitments to the European Space Agency, but urged the UK Space Agency to strengthen UK influence within the European Space Agency by providing support for UK candidates applying for future director-level positions within the Agency. There are a number of exciting developments happening in the UK space sector, including the expansion of the European Space Agency's operations at Harwell, the establishment of the Satellite Applications Catapult and Major Tim Peake's upcoming mission to the International Space Station. With continued cross-party support, we hope to see this sector expand in line with its ambitions and continue to attract jobs and businesses to the UK

The Census and Social Science

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Author :
Publisher : The Stationery Office
ISBN 13 : 9780215048486
Total Pages : 106 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (484 download)

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Book Synopsis The Census and Social Science by : Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Science and Technology Committee

Download or read book The Census and Social Science written by Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Science and Technology Committee and published by The Stationery Office. This book was released on 2012-09-21 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Committee undertook an inquiry to consider the use of the data from the census by the Government, whether there were elements of the census that would be irreplaceable by other means and if the business of Government would be seriously impacted if census data was lost or changed. The Committee is concerned that there is no chief advisor as with other sciences, or a Minister who could answer for Government as a whole whether social science provision was adequate and whether the data from the census and other sources was fit for purpose. The key disadvantage of the census is the timeliness of the data. Yet census data provides a snapshot of the whole country at a moment in time. It enables detection of trends in the recent past, allows comparisons to be made of different areas in the country more accurately and provides a means to recruit to longitudinal studies. Good use is being made of non-census surveys to provide equivalent data in a number of areas in a much shorter timescale, but these do not have the same breadth as the census and do not provide a national coverage or standard. Social science could suffer if the census was to be discontinued without serious consideration as to how this data would be replaced. Though the absence of a census would also potentially stimulate a considerable amount of innovation in social science and examination of how to produce social data of an equivalent standard

The Forensic Science Service

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Publisher : The Stationery Office
ISBN 13 : 9780215560322
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (63 download)

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Book Synopsis The Forensic Science Service by : Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Science and Technology Committee

Download or read book The Forensic Science Service written by Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Science and Technology Committee and published by The Stationery Office. This book was released on 2011-07 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Science and Technology Committee is not confident that an orderly transition can be achieved by the extremely challenging deadline for closure of the Forensic Science Service of March 2012. Extending the deadline by at least six months would allow the government to consult on and determine a wider strategy for forensic science. In making its decision to close the FSS, the government failed to give enough consideration to the impact on forensic science research and development, the capacity of private providers to absorb the FSS's 60% market share and the wider implications for the criminal justice system. These considerations appear to have been hastily overlooked in favour of the financial bottom line. The report also draws attention to the historical inadequacies in government decision-making that brought the FSS to its current financial situation. The FSS's dire financial position appears to have arisen from a complex combination of factors, principally the shrinking forensics market, driven by increasing police in-sourcing of forensic science services, and a forensic procurement framework that has driven down prices and does not adequately recognise the value of complex forensic services. In the transition to closure, transferring work from the FSS to a non-accredited police or private laboratory would be highly undesirable, posing significant and unacceptable risks to criminal justice. Proposals should be brought forward immediately to provide the Forensic Science Regulator with statutory powers to enforce compliance with quality standards.

Emergency Response to Terrorism

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Author :
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1428981195
Total Pages : 103 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (289 download)

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Book Synopsis Emergency Response to Terrorism by :

Download or read book Emergency Response to Terrorism written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2000 with total page 103 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: