Science Ethics And Medicine

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Rethinking Health Care Ethics

Author : Stephen Scher
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9811308306
Total Pages : 177 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (113 download)

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Book Synopsis Rethinking Health Care Ethics by : Stephen Scher

Download or read book Rethinking Health Care Ethics written by Stephen Scher and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-08-02 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of this open access book is to develop an approach to clinical health care ethics that is more accessible to, and usable by, health professionals than the now-dominant approaches that focus, for example, on the application of ethical principles. The book elaborates the view that health professionals have the emotional and intellectual resources to discuss and address ethical issues in clinical health care without needing to rely on the expertise of bioethicists. The early chapters review the history of bioethics and explain how academics from outside health care came to dominate the field of health care ethics, both in professional schools and in clinical health care. The middle chapters elaborate a series of concepts, drawn from philosophy and the social sciences, that set the stage for developing a framework that builds upon the individual moral experience of health professionals, that explains the discontinuities between the demands of bioethics and the experience and perceptions of health professionals, and that enables the articulation of a full theory of clinical ethics with clinicians themselves as the foundation. Against that background, the first of three chapters on professional education presents a general framework for teaching clinical ethics; the second discusses how to integrate ethics into formal health care curricula; and the third addresses the opportunities for teaching available in clinical settings. The final chapter, "Empowering Clinicians", brings together the various dimensions of the argument and anticipates potential questions about the framework developed in earlier chapters.

Ethics and the Metaphysics of Medicine

Author : Kenneth A. Richman
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 9780262264341
Total Pages : 244 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (643 download)

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Book Synopsis Ethics and the Metaphysics of Medicine by : Kenneth A. Richman

Download or read book Ethics and the Metaphysics of Medicine written by Kenneth A. Richman and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2004-06-18 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explores the philosophical and practical ethical implications of a definition of health as a state that allows us to reach our goals. Definitions of health and disease are of more than theoretical interest. Understanding what it means to be healthy has implications for choices in medical treatment, for ethically sound informed consent, and for accurate assessment of policies or programs. This deeper understanding can help us create more effective public policy for health and medicine. It is notable that such contentious legal initiatives as the Americans with Disability Act and the Patients' Bill of Rights fail to define adequately the medical terms on which their effectiveness depends. In Ethics and the Metaphysics of Medicine, Kenneth Richman develops an "embedded instrumentalist" theory of health and applies it to practical problems in health care and medicine, addressing topics that range from the philosophy of science to knee surgery. "Embedded instrumentalist" theories hold that health is a match between one's goals and one's ability to reach those goals, and that the relevant goals may vary from individual to individual. This captures the normative implications of the term health while avoiding problematic relativism. Richman's embedded instrumentalism differs from other theories of health in drawing a distinction between the health of individuals as biological organisms and the health of individuals as moral agents. This distinction illuminates many difficulties in patient-provider communication and helps us understand conflicts between promoting health and promoting ethically permissible behavior. After exploring, expanding, and defending this theory in the first part of the book, Richman examines its ethical implications, discussing such concerns as the connection between medical beneficence and respect for autonomy, patient-provider communication, living wills, and clinical education.

Ethical and Regulatory Aspects of Clinical Research

Author : Ezekiel J. Emanuel
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 532 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Ethical and Regulatory Aspects of Clinical Research by : Ezekiel J. Emanuel

Download or read book Ethical and Regulatory Aspects of Clinical Research written by Ezekiel J. Emanuel and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Professionals in need of such training and bioethicists will be interested.

Human Genome Editing

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309452880
Total Pages : 329 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis Human Genome Editing by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Human Genome Editing written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-08-13 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genome editing is a powerful new tool for making precise alterations to an organism's genetic material. Recent scientific advances have made genome editing more efficient, precise, and flexible than ever before. These advances have spurred an explosion of interest from around the globe in the possible ways in which genome editing can improve human health. The speed at which these technologies are being developed and applied has led many policymakers and stakeholders to express concern about whether appropriate systems are in place to govern these technologies and how and when the public should be engaged in these decisions. Human Genome Editing considers important questions about the human application of genome editing including: balancing potential benefits with unintended risks, governing the use of genome editing, incorporating societal values into clinical applications and policy decisions, and respecting the inevitable differences across nations and cultures that will shape how and whether to use these new technologies. This report proposes criteria for heritable germline editing, provides conclusions on the crucial need for public education and engagement, and presents 7 general principles for the governance of human genome editing.

Ethics by Committee

Author : Noortje Jacobs
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 0226819329
Total Pages : 305 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (268 download)

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Book Synopsis Ethics by Committee by : Noortje Jacobs

Download or read book Ethics by Committee written by Noortje Jacobs and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2022-08-26 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Ethics boards have become obligatory passage points in today's medical science, and we forget how novel they really are. The use of humans in experiments is an age-old practice that records show goes back to at least the third century BC and, since the early modern period, as a practice it has become increasingly popular. Yet, in most countries around the world, hardly any formal checks and balances existed to govern the communal oversight of experiments involving human subjects until at least the 1960s. Ethics by Committee traces the rise of ethics boards for human experimentation in the second half of the twentieth century. Using the Netherlands as a case-study, Noortje Jacobs shows how the authority of physicians to make decisions about clinical research gave way in most developed nations to formal mechanisms of communal decision-making that served to regiment the behavior of individual researchers. This historically unprecedented change in scientific governance came out of a growing international wariness of medical research in the decades after World War II. Research ethics committees were originally intended not only to make human experimentation more ethical but also to raise its epistemic quality. By examining complex negotiations over the appropriate governance of human subjects research, Ethics by Committee advances our understanding not only of the history of research ethics and the randomized controlled trial but also, more broadly, of how liberal democracies in the late twentieth century have sought to resolve public concerns over charged issues in medicine and science"--

Medical Ethics: A Very Short Introduction

Author : R. A. Hope
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0192802828
Total Pages : 168 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (928 download)

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Book Synopsis Medical Ethics: A Very Short Introduction by : R. A. Hope

Download or read book Medical Ethics: A Very Short Introduction written by R. A. Hope and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2004-09-23 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Issues in medical ethics are rarely out of the media and it is an area of ethics that has particular interest for the general public as well as the medical practitioner. This short and accessible introduction deals with moral questions such as euthanasia as well as asking how health care resources can be distributed fairly.

Science, Ethics, and Medicine

Author : Hugo Tristram Engelhardt (Jr.)
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 308 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Science, Ethics, and Medicine by : Hugo Tristram Engelhardt (Jr.)

Download or read book Science, Ethics, and Medicine written by Hugo Tristram Engelhardt (Jr.) and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book represents an initial attempt to do that which we at least can no longer avoid: to ask about the origin and validity of our moral assumptions, to see the way in which ethics and science have mutually influenced each other, to move away from practical problems of decision making to some of the larger theoretical issues which ultimately come to shape the way decisions are made. That moral philosophy has been in disarray for some decades is a proposition with which few will argue. Nor will many contend that there is any greater clarity at present on the moral assumptions and goals of sicence and medicine. Perhaps it is too much to hope that progress can be made -- perhaps we are, as a society and a culture, going to be forced to live with, and to live out, the present confusion. But both moral philosophy and the sciences do share a common premise, so far unchallenged: that it is always worth the effort to understand more, to attempt to think more deeply, to remain congenitally uneasy in the face of confusion, uncertainty, and unanswered questions. - Preface.

Methods in Medical Ethics

Author : Jeremy Sugarman MD, MPH, MA
Publisher : Georgetown University Press
ISBN 13 : 1589016238
Total Pages : 369 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis Methods in Medical Ethics by : Jeremy Sugarman MD, MPH, MA

Download or read book Methods in Medical Ethics written by Jeremy Sugarman MD, MPH, MA and published by Georgetown University Press. This book was released on 2010-10-15 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Medical ethics draws upon methods from a wide array of disciplines, including anthropology, economics, epidemiology, health services research, history, law, medicine, nursing, philosophy, psychology, sociology, and theology. In this influential book, outstanding scholars in medical ethics bring these many methods together in one place to be systematically described, critiqued, and challenged. Newly revised and updated chapters in this second edition include philosophy, religion and theology, virtue and professionalism, casuistry and clinical ethics, law, history, qualitative research, ethnography, quantitative surveys, experimental methods, and economics and decision science. This second edition also includes new chapters on literature and sociology, as well as a second chapter on philosophy which expands the range of philosophical methods discussed to include gender ethics, communitarianism, and discourse ethics. In each of these chapters, contributors provide descriptions of the methods, critiques, and notes on resources and training. Methods in Medical Ethics is a valuable resource for scholars, teachers, editors, and students in any of the disciplines that have contributed to the field. As a textbook and reference for graduate students and scholars in medical ethics, it offers a rich understanding of the complexities involved in the rigorous investigation of moral questions in medical practice and research.

Public Health Ethics: Cases Spanning the Globe

Author : Drue H. Barrett
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9783319238463
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (384 download)

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Book Synopsis Public Health Ethics: Cases Spanning the Globe by : Drue H. Barrett

Download or read book Public Health Ethics: Cases Spanning the Globe written by Drue H. Barrett and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-04-20 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Open Access book highlights the ethical issues and dilemmas that arise in the practice of public health. It is also a tool to support instruction, debate, and dialogue regarding public health ethics. Although the practice of public health has always included consideration of ethical issues, the field of public health ethics as a discipline is a relatively new and emerging area. There are few practical training resources for public health practitioners, especially resources which include discussion of realistic cases which are likely to arise in the practice of public health. This work discusses these issues on a case to case basis and helps create awareness and understanding of the ethics of public health care. The main audience for the casebook is public health practitioners, including front-line workers, field epidemiology trainers and trainees, managers, planners, and decision makers who have an interest in learning about how to integrate ethical analysis into their day to day public health practice. The casebook is also useful to schools of public health and public health students as well as to academic ethicists who can use the book to teach public health ethics and distinguish it from clinical and research ethics.

Social Science Perspectives on Medical Ethics

Author : G. Weisz
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400919301
Total Pages : 293 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Social Science Perspectives on Medical Ethics by : G. Weisz

Download or read book Social Science Perspectives on Medical Ethics written by G. Weisz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Medical or hio- ethics has in recent years been a growth industry. Journals, Centers and Associations devoted to the subject proliferate. Medical schools seem increasingly to be filling rare positions in the humanities and social sciences with ethicists. Hardly a day passes without some media scrutiny of one or another ethical dilemma resulting from our new-found ability to transform the natural conditions of life. Although bioethics is a self-consciously interdisciplinary field, it has not attracted the collaboration of many social scientists. In fact, social scientists who specialize in the study of medicine have in many cases watched its development with a certain ambivalence. No one disputes the significance and often the painfulness of the issues and choices being addressed. But there is something about the way these issues are usually handled which seems somehow inappropri ate if not wrong-headed to one trained in a discipline like sociology or history. In their analyses of complex situations, ethicists often appear grandly oblivious to the social and cultural context in which these occur, and indeed to empirical referents of any sort. Nor do they seem very conscious of the cultural specificity of many of the values and procedures they utilize when making ethical judg ments. The unease felt by many in the social sciences was given articulate expression in a paper by Renee Fox and Judith Swazey which appeared in 1984.

Military Medical Ethics, Volume 1

Author :
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1428910654
Total Pages : 436 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (289 download)

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Book Synopsis Military Medical Ethics, Volume 1 by :

Download or read book Military Medical Ethics, Volume 1 written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Science and Ethics

Author : Bernard E. Rollin
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1139455044
Total Pages : 275 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (394 download)

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Book Synopsis Science and Ethics by : Bernard E. Rollin

Download or read book Science and Ethics written by Bernard E. Rollin and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2006-03-27 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Science and Ethics, Bernard Rollin examines the ideology that denies the relevance of ethics to science. Providing an introduction to basic ethical concepts, he discusses a variety of ethical issues that are relevant to science and how they are ignored, to the detriment of both science and society. These include research on human subjects, animal research, genetic engineering, biotechnology, cloning, xenotransplantation, and stem cell research. Rollin also explores the ideological agnosticism that scientists have displayed regarding subjective experience in humans and animals, and its pernicious effect on pain management. Finally, he articulates the implications of the ideological denial of ethics for the practice of science itself in terms of fraud, plagiarism, and data falsification. In engaging prose and with philosophical sophistication, Rollin cogently argues in favor of making education in ethics part and parcel of scientific training.

Life Science Ethics

Author : Gary L. Comstock
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9048187923
Total Pages : 496 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (481 download)

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Book Synopsis Life Science Ethics by : Gary L. Comstock

Download or read book Life Science Ethics written by Gary L. Comstock and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-08-24 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Does nature have intrinsic value? Should we be doing more to save wilderness and ocean ecosystems? What are our duties to future generations of humans? Do animals have rights? This revised edition of "Life Science Ethics" introduces these questions using narrative case studies on genetically modified foods, use of animals in research, nanotechnology, and global climate change, and then explores them in detail using essays written by nationally-recognized experts in the ethics field. Part I introduces ethics, the relationship of religion to ethics, how we assess ethical arguments, and a method ethicists use to reason about ethical theories. Part II demonstrates the relevance of ethical reasoning to the environment, land, farms, food, biotechnology, genetically modified foods, animals in agriculture and research, climate change, and nanotechnology. Part III presents case studies for the topics found in Part II.

Ethics, Computing, and Medicine

Author : Kenneth W. Goodman
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521469050
Total Pages : 196 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (69 download)

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Book Synopsis Ethics, Computing, and Medicine by : Kenneth W. Goodman

Download or read book Ethics, Computing, and Medicine written by Kenneth W. Goodman and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1998 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New technology always raises compelling ethical questions. As those in medicine increasingly depend on computers and other intelligent machines, the intersection of ethics, computing and the health professions grows much more complex and significant. This book attempts systematically to identify and address the full range of ethical issues that arise when intelligent machines are used in medicine, nursing, psychology, and allied health professions. It maps and explores a variety of important issues and controversies, including ethics and evaluation in computational medicine, patient and provider confidentiality, responsibility for use of computers in medicine, appropriate use of decision support systems, outcomes of research and computational prognosis (including mortality predictions), and computer-based biomedical research - especially meta-analysis. This book is accessible to participants in the fields of bioethics and medical informatics. It is appropriate for physicians, nurses, administrators, ethicists, health attorneys, advanced undergraduates and graduate students.

The Oxford Textbook of Clinical Research Ethics

Author : Ezekiel J. Emanuel
Publisher : OUP USA
ISBN 13 : 0199768633
Total Pages : 848 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (997 download)

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Book Synopsis The Oxford Textbook of Clinical Research Ethics by : Ezekiel J. Emanuel

Download or read book The Oxford Textbook of Clinical Research Ethics written by Ezekiel J. Emanuel and published by OUP USA. This book was released on 2011-02 with total page 848 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Oxford Textbook of Clinical Research Ethics is the first comprehensive and systematic reference on clinical research ethics. Under the editorship of experts from the U.S. National Institutes of Health of the United States, the book's 73 chapters offer a wide-ranging and systematic examination of all aspects of research with human beings. Considering the historical triumphs of research as well as its tragedies, the textbook provides a framework for analyzing the ethical aspects of research studies with human beings. Through both conceptual analysis and systematic reviews of empirical data, the contributors examine issues ranging from scientific validity, fair subject selection, risk benefit ratio, independent review, and informed consent to focused consideration of international research ethics, conflicts of interests, and other aspects of responsible conduct of research. The editors of The Oxford Textbook of Clinical Research Ethics offer a work that critically assesses and advances scholarship in the field of human subjects research. Comprehensive in scope and depth, this book will be a crucial resource for researchers in the medical sciences, as well as teachers and students.

Medical Ethics

Author : Alastair V. Campbell
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 332 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Medical Ethics by : Alastair V. Campbell

Download or read book Medical Ethics written by Alastair V. Campbell and published by . This book was released on 2005-06-30 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new edition is a practical introduction to the ethical questions that doctors and other health professionals are likely to encounter during their working lives.

Evaluating the Science and Ethics of Research on Humans

Author : Dennis J. Mazur
Publisher : Johns Hopkins University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780801885020
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (85 download)

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Book Synopsis Evaluating the Science and Ethics of Research on Humans by : Dennis J. Mazur

Download or read book Evaluating the Science and Ethics of Research on Humans written by Dennis J. Mazur and published by Johns Hopkins University Press. This book was released on 2007-02-05 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biomedical research on humans is an important part of medical progress. But, when health and lives are at risk, safety and ethical practices need to be the top priority. The need for the committees that regulate and oversee such research—institutional review boards, or IRBs—is growing. Evaluating the Science and Ethics of Research on Humans is a guide for new and veteran members of IRBs that will help them better understand the issues involved and the tasks they will be required to perform. The most important purpose of an IRB is to protect the human participants in research. For three major research areas—drugs, medical devices, and genetic information—Dennis J. Mazur shares the methods he has found useful in protecting human participants through the systematic review of scientific protocols and informed consent forms and through adherence to the federal regulations that apply. New members will gain understanding of how proposed research projects are to be reviewed from both scientific and ethical dimensions, how and when to ask key questions of principal investigators, how to work with principal investigators and research teams to ensure the best protection of human participants, and why to schedule regularly spaced reviews of a project that may have adverse outcomes. Containing helpful summaries and checklists throughout and based on Mazur's thirty years of research experience, this accessible and informative guide will give all IRB members the tools they need to protect human lives and facilitate the research process.