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Salaries Of Members Of Congress 1789 2003
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Book Synopsis Salaries of Members of Congress, 1789-2003 by : Paul E. Dwyer
Download or read book Salaries of Members of Congress, 1789-2003 written by Paul E. Dwyer and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2003 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Congress is required by Article I, Section 6, of the Constitution to determine its own pay. Prior to 1969, Congress did so by enacting stand-alone legislation. From 1789 through 1968, Congress raised its pay 22 times using this procedure. Congressional salaries initially were USD1,500. By 1968, they had risen to USD30,000. Stand-alone legislation may still be used to raise Member pay, as it was most recently in 1982, 1983, 1989, and 1991, but two other methods are now also available, an automatic annual adjustment procedure and a commission process. Contents: Preface; Salaries of Members of Congress: Payable Rates and Effective Dates, 1789-2003; Salaries of Members of Congress: Congressional Votes, 1990-2003; Salaries of Members of Congress: Current Procedures and Recent Adjustments; Index.
Download or read book Congressional Research Report written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 1082 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Congressional Pay and Perks by : Ida Brudnick
Download or read book Congressional Pay and Perks written by Ida Brudnick and published by The Capitol Net Inc. This book was released on 2010-12-01 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Congress is required by Article I, Section 6, of the Constitution to determine its own pay. Prior to 1969, Congress did so by enacting stand-alone legislation. From 1789 through 1968, Congress raised its pay 22 times using this procedure. Members were initially paid per diem. The first annual salaries, in 1815, were $1,500. Per diem pay was reinstituted in 1817. Congress returned to annual salaries, at a rate of $3,000, in 1855. By 1968, pay had risen to $30,000. Stand-alone legislation may still be used to raise Member pay, as it was most recently in 1982, 1983, 1989, and 1991; but two other methods--including an automatic annual adjustment procedure and a commission process--are now also available. The Ethics Reform Act of 1989 established the current formula for automatic annual adjustments, which is based on changes in private sector wages and salaries as measured by the Employment Cost Index. The adjustment goes into effect automatically unless denied statutorily by Congress, although the percentage may not exceed the percentage base pay increase for General Schedule employees. Allowances are available to Representatives and Senators to support them in their official and representational duties as Members. These allowances cover official office expenses, staff, mail, and other goods and services. Despite significant reductions in congressional mail postage costs over the past 20 years, critics continue to raise concerns that the franking privilege is both financially wasteful and gives unfair advantages to incumbents in congressional elections. In particular, mass mailings have come under increased scrutiny as critics argue that the vast majority of franked mail is unsolicited and, in effect, publicly funded campaign literature. Members of Congress first elected in 1984 or later are covered automatically under the Federal Employees' Retirement System (FERS), unless they decline this coverage. Those who already were in Congress when Social Security coverage went into effect could either remain in CSRS or change their coverage to FERS. Members are now covered under one of four different retirement arrangements: CSRS and Social Security; The "CSRS Offset" plan, which includes both CSRS and Social Security, but with CSRS contributions and benefits reduced by Social Security contributions and benefits; FERS and Social Security; or Social Security alone. Congressional pensions, like those of other federal employees, are financed through a combination of employee and employer contributions. All Members pay Social Security payroll taxes equal to 6.2% of the Social Security taxable wage base ($102,000 in 2008 and $106,800 in 2009). Members enrolled in FERS also pay 1.3% of full salary to the Civil Service Retirement and Disability Fund. In 2008, Members covered by CSRS Offset pay 1.8% of the first $102,000 of salary, and 8.0% of salary above this amount, into the Civil Service Retirement and Disability Fund. Under both CSRS and FERS, Members of Congress are eligible for a pension at age 62 if they have completed at least five years of service. Members are eligible for a pension at age 50 if they have completed 20 years of service, or at any age after completing 25 years of service. The amount of the pension depends on years of service and the average of the highest three years of salary. By law, the starting amount of a Member's retirement annuity may not exceed 80% of his or her final salary. After Members of the House leave office, they are afforded certain courtesies and privileges. Some are derived from House Rules, but many are courtesies that have been extended as a matter of custom. Former Representatives who become lobbyists have limited privileges. See full Table of Contents at https://www.thecapitol.net/Publications/GovernmentSeries/1657_CongressionalPayAndPerks.html
Book Synopsis Congressional Pay and Perks: Salaries, Pension and Retirement, Franking, Travel, and Other Benefits for U.S. Senators and Representatives by : Ida A. Brudnick
Download or read book Congressional Pay and Perks: Salaries, Pension and Retirement, Franking, Travel, and Other Benefits for U.S. Senators and Representatives written by Ida A. Brudnick and published by TheCapitol.Net Inc. This book was released on 2010-02 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Congressional pay and perks are examined in detail in this reference compiledby TheCapitol.Net.
Book Synopsis American Book Publishing Record by :
Download or read book American Book Publishing Record written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 932 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis US Congress Guide Volume 1 House of Representatives by : IBP USA
Download or read book US Congress Guide Volume 1 House of Representatives written by IBP USA and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Landmark Legislation by : Stephen W. Stathis
Download or read book Landmark Legislation written by Stephen W. Stathis and published by CQ Press. This book was released on 2003-04-01 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Documents Congress's most momentous accomplishments in determining the national policies to be carried out by the executive branch, in approving appropriations to support those policies, and in fulfilling its responsibility to ensure that such actions are being implemented as intended.
Book Synopsis Student′s Guide to Congress by : CQ Press
Download or read book Student′s Guide to Congress written by CQ Press and published by CQ Press. This book was released on 2008-09-18 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Who is running America—Congress or the President? The way Congress works: How does an idea become a law? Imagine how questions like these, in Student′s Guide to Congress, will stimulate discussion among your students. The book covers topics such as: ? Origins of Congress Powers of Congress Congressional Procedures Congressional Leadership Elections and Constituents Student’s Guide to Congress is the second title in the brand new Student′s Guide to the U.S. Government Series, which presents essential information about the U.S. government in a manner accessible to high school students. In a unique three-part format, these titles place at the reader’s fingertips everything they need to know about the evolution of elections, Congress, the presidency, and the Supreme Court, from the struggles to create the U.S. government in the late eighteenth century through the on-going issues of the early twenty-first century. Each Guide is divided into three sections: Part One Three essays, each addressing a provocative question about the book’s topic Part Two A-Z entries covering key concepts and terms Part Three Primary Source Library of legislation, Supreme Court cases, and other historical documents The user-friendly design includes: Pro/Con debates Maps Timeline Charts Photos Political cartoons Profiles of decision makers And much more! The Student′s Guide to the U.S. Government Series from CQ Press is written so that students need no prior knowledge to understand the fundamental concepts presented. By placing at hand—in thought-provoking essays, easy-to-understand encyclopedic entries, and pivotal primary source documents—the essential information needed by student researchers and educators, the Student′s Guide to the U.S. Government Series offers valuable resources for government, politics, and history classes.
Book Synopsis Current Publications in Legal and Related Fields by :
Download or read book Current Publications in Legal and Related Fields written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Congress and the Nation by : Congressional Quarterly, inc
Download or read book Congress and the Nation written by Congressional Quarterly, inc and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 1212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Congress and the Nation XI by : Congressional Quarterly, inc
Download or read book Congress and the Nation XI written by Congressional Quarterly, inc and published by CQ Press. This book was released on 2006-05-04 with total page 1144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For over forty years, Congress and the Nation has been the signature resource for perspective and analysis of the U.S. Congress. It is the authoritative reference on Congressional trends, actions, and controversies. The eleventh edition in this acclaimed series chronicles the political events during the first four years of the George W. Bush administration, covering the 107th and 108th Congresses. These four years are marked by some of the most significant, landscape changing events in American politics including the attacks of September 11, 2001 and the ensuing U.S. led invasions of Afghanistan and Iraq. Congress and the Nation XI: 2001-2004 addresses these topics and more, including: Legislative activity in the U.S. Congress Establishment of the Department of Homeland Security The 2002 midterm elections in which the Republican party won majorities in both houses of Congress Each chapter contains summaries of legislative activity, including bills passed, defeated, or postponed. An extensive appendix covers the four-year period. Also available in online edition.
Book Synopsis The Development of the American Presidency by : Richard J. Ellis
Download or read book The Development of the American Presidency written by Richard J. Ellis and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-06-26 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A full understanding of the institution of the American presidency requires us to examine how it developed from the founding to the present. This developmental lens, analyzing how historical turns have shaped the modern institution, allows for a richer, more nuanced understanding beyond the current newspaper headlines. The Development of the American Presidency pays great attention to that historical weight but is organized by the topics and concepts relevant to political science, with the constitutional origins and political development of the presidency its central focus. Through comprehensive and in-depth coverage, this text looks at how the presidency has evolved in relation to the public, to Congress, to the Executive branch, and to the law, showing at every step how different aspects of the presidency have followed distinct trajectories of change. All the while, Ellis illustrates the institutional relationships and tensions through stories about particular individuals and specific political conflicts. Ellis's own classroom pedagogy of promoting active learning and critical thinking is well reflected in these pages. Each chapter begins with a narrative account of some illustrative puzzle that brings to life a central concept. A wealth of photos, figures, and tables allow for the visual presentations of concepts. A companion website not only acts as a further resources base—directing students to primary documents, newspapers, and data sources—but also presents interactive timelines and practice quizzes to help students master the book's lessons. The second edition a new chapter on unilateral powers that brings greater attention to domestic policymaking.
Book Synopsis The Warping of Government Work by : John D. Donahue
Download or read book The Warping of Government Work written by John D. Donahue and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2008-05-30 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It’s a long-standing pattern: elite workers spurn public jobs, while less skilled workers cling to government work as a refuge from a harsh private economy. Donahue documents government’s isolation from the rest of the U.S. economy and arrays the stark choices we confront for narrowing, or accommodating, the divide between public and private work.
Book Synopsis Political Careers in Europe by : Michael Edinger
Download or read book Political Careers in Europe written by Michael Edinger and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2016-10-20 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: European integration not only has changed career opportunities for politicians, it has expanded them. This book is dedicated to the study of political career patterns. It focuses on parliamentary careers in select European countries, but the U.S. is also included as a long-standing system with multi-level politics. The chapters, from an impressive range of scholars, represent a systematic investigation into level-hopping practices in Europe. While discussing the logic of moves across political levels, special attention is given to the impact of institutional reforms. The results indicate that the traditional model of career mobility, with the national level as the apex of a career, is still of importance in most countries – however, a clear trend towards multi-directional political careers is found.
Download or read book Congress A to Z written by CQ Press, and published by CQ Press. This book was released on 2014-03-05 with total page 777 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Congress A to Z provides ready-reference insight into the national legislature, its organization, processes, personalities, major legislation, and history. No other volume so clearly and concisely explains every key aspect of the national legislature. The Sixth Edition of this classic, easy-to-use reference is updated with new entries covering the dramatic congressional events of recent years, including social media usage by members of Congress, the politics of recent debt ceiling and deficit spending showdowns with the executive branch, new floor leaders in both chambers, and campaign finance patterns. Each of the more than 250 entries, arranged in encyclopedic A-to-Z format, provides insight into the key questions readers have about the U.S. Congress and helps them make sense of the narrow power division between Republicans and Democrats, the methods members use to advance their agendas, the influence of lobby groups, the key role of committees and strong-willed leaders, and much more. Key Features: Available in both electronic and print formats Quick answers to questions as well as in-depth background on the U.S. Congress Historical and contemporary photos Detailed appendices, tables, internet addresses, and index
Book Synopsis Datapedia of the United States by : George Thomas Kurian
Download or read book Datapedia of the United States written by George Thomas Kurian and published by Bernan Press. This book was released on 2007-10-30 with total page 761 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents available data and statistics on social, economic, political, and cultural developments in such areas as energy, housing, and health care.
Book Synopsis Scandal and Corruption in Congress by : Michael J. Pomante II
Download or read book Scandal and Corruption in Congress written by Michael J. Pomante II and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2022-11-07 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scandal and Corruption in Congress guides readers through the history of corruption in Congress, exploring policies outlawing corruption, attempts to hide unethical behaviour, getting caught, the repercussions of getting caught, and how corruption in the U.S. compares to corruption in other nations.
