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Russian Oil Exports Under International Sanctions
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Book Synopsis The Art of Sanctions by : Richard Nephew
Download or read book The Art of Sanctions written by Richard Nephew and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2017-12-12 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nations and international organizations are increasingly using sanctions as a means to achieve their foreign policy aims. However, sanctions are ineffective if they are executed without a clear strategy responsive to the nature and changing behavior of the target. In The Art of Sanctions, Richard Nephew offers a much-needed practical framework for planning and applying sanctions that focuses not just on the initial sanctions strategy but also, crucially, on how to calibrate along the way and how to decide when sanctions have achieved maximum effectiveness. Nephew—a leader in the design and implementation of sanctions on Iran—develops guidelines for interpreting targets’ responses to sanctions based on two critical factors: pain and resolve. The efficacy of sanctions lies in the application of pain against a target, but targets may have significant resolve to resist, tolerate, or overcome this pain. Understanding the interplay of pain and resolve is central to using sanctions both successfully and humanely. With attention to these two key variables, and to how they change over the course of a sanctions regime, policy makers can pinpoint when diplomatic intervention is likely to succeed or when escalation is necessary. Focusing on lessons learned from sanctions on both Iran and Iraq, Nephew provides policymakers with practical guidance on how to measure and respond to pain and resolve in the service of strong and successful sanctions regimes.
Book Synopsis Russia's Response to Sanctions by : Richard Connolly
Download or read book Russia's Response to Sanctions written by Richard Connolly and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-07-05 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first in-depth scholarly analysis of the effects of Western sanctions, and Russia's response on the Russian economy.
Book Synopsis The Impact of Financial Sanctions on the Russian Economy by : Evsey Gurvich
Download or read book The Impact of Financial Sanctions on the Russian Economy written by Evsey Gurvich and published by . This book was released on 2016-08-13 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Petro-Aggression written by Jeff Colgan and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-01-31 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Jeff D. Colgan explores why some oil-exporting countries are aggressive, while others are not. Using evidence from key countries such as Iraq, Iran, Libya, Saudi Arabia and Venezuela, Petro-Aggression proposes a new theoretical framework to explain the importance of oil to international security.
Book Synopsis U. S. Sanctions on Russia by : Kristin Archick
Download or read book U. S. Sanctions on Russia written by Kristin Archick and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2018-12-04 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sanctions are considered by many to be a central element of U.S. policy to counter Russian malign behavior. Most Russia-related sanctions have been in response to Russia's 2014 invasion of Ukraine. In addition, the United States has imposed sanctions on Russia in response to human rights abuses, election interference and cyberattacks, weapons proliferation, illicit trade with North Korea, support to Syria, and use of a chemical weapon. The United States also employs sanctions to deter further objectionable activities. Most Members of Congress support a robust use of sanctions amid concerns about Russia's international behavior and geostrategic intentions. Ukraine-related sanctions are mainly based on four executive orders (EOs) the President introduced in 2014. In addition, Congress passed and the President signed into law two acts establishing sanctions in response to Russia's invasion of Ukraine: the Support for the Sovereignty, Integrity, Democracy, and Economic Stability of Ukraine Act of 2014 (SSIDES; P.L. 113-95) and the Ukraine Freedom Support Act of 2014 (UFSA; P.L. 113-272). In 2017, Congress passed and the President signed into law the Countering Russian Influence in Europe and Eurasia Act of 2017 (CRIEEA; P.L. 115-44, Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act [CAATSA], Title II). This legislation codifies Ukraine-related and cyberrelated EOs, strengthens existing Russia-related sanctions authorities, and identifies several new targets for sanctions. It also establishes congressional review of any action the President takes to ease or lift a variety of sanctions. Additional sanctions on Russia may be forthcoming. On August 6, 2018, the United States determined that in March 2018 the Russian government used a chemical weapon in the United Kingdom in contravention of international law. In response, the United States launched an initial round of sanctions on Russia, as required by the Chemical and Biological Weapons Control and Warfare Elimination Act of 1991 (CBW Act; P.L. 102-182, Title III). The law requires a second, more severe round of sanctions in the absence of Russia's reliable commitment to no longer use such weapons. The United States has imposed most Ukraine-related sanctions on Russia in coordination with the European Union (EU). Since 2017, the efforts of Congress and the Trump Administration to tighten U.S. sanctions on Russia have prompted some degree of concern in the EU about U.S. commitment to sanctions coordination and U.S.-EU cooperation on Russia and Ukraine more broadly. The EU, in addition, continues to consider its response to Russia's use of a chemical weapon in the United Kingdom. Debates about the effectiveness of U.S. and other sanctions on Russia continue in Congress, in the Administration, and among other stakeholders. Russia has not reversed its occupation and annexation of Ukraine's Crimea region, nor has it stopped fostering separatism in eastern Ukraine. With respect to other malign activities, the relationship between sanctions and Russian behavior is difficult to determine. Nonetheless, many observers argue that sanctions help to restrain Russia or that their imposition is an appropriate foreign policy response regardless of immediate effect. In the 115th Congress, several bills have been introduced to increase the use of sanctions in response to Russia's malign activities. The 116th Congress is likely to continue to debate the role of sanctions in U.S. foreign policy toward Russia.
Download or read book Crisis in Ukraine written by Gideon Rose and published by Foreign Affairs. This book was released on 2014-04-08 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crisis in Ukraine sets the intellectual stage for understanding the turmoil in eastern Europe, what is really at stake, and what will come next. The arguments presented span the ideological spectrum, and the authors include a range of leading experts from several disciplines and countries, including Yuliya Tymoshenko, Alexander Motyl, Orlando Figes, Kathryn Stoner, Daniel Treisman, Brian Taylor, Kathleen McNamara, and more. Released as policymakers in Washington and other capitals debate how to handle Ukraine, this book contains everything needed for readers to develop informed opinions of their own.
Book Synopsis Upperworld and Underworld in Cross-border Crime by : Petrus C. van Duyne
Download or read book Upperworld and Underworld in Cross-border Crime written by Petrus C. van Duyne and published by Wolf Legal Publishers. This book was released on 2002 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Economic Sanctions Reconsidered: History and current policy by : Gary Clyde Hufbauer
Download or read book Economic Sanctions Reconsidered: History and current policy written by Gary Clyde Hufbauer and published by Peterson Institute. This book was released on 1990 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Iran Sanctions written by Kenneth Katzman and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2010 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contents: (1) Background of the Iran Sanctions Act (ISA): Key Provisions: ¿Triggers¿ and Available Sanctions; Waiver and Termination Authority; Iran Freedom Support Act Amendments; Effectiveness and Ongoing Challenges: Energy Routes and Refinery Investment: Refinery Construction; Significant Purchase Agreements; Efforts in the 110th and 111th Congress to Expand ISA Application; Other Energy-Related Sanctions Ideas; (2) Relationships to Other U.S. Sanctions: Ban on U.S. Trade and Investment With Iran; Treasury Department ¿Targeted Financial Measures¿; Terrorism-Related Sanctions; Executive Order 13224; Proliferation-Related Sanctions; Efforts to Promote Divestment; Blocked Iranian Property and Assets. Tables.
Book Synopsis The Fight for Influence by : Alexey Malashenko
Download or read book The Fight for Influence written by Alexey Malashenko and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2013-12-10 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Russian influence in Central Asia is waning. Since attaining independence, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan have forged their own paths—building relationships with outside powers and throwing off the last vestiges of Soviet domination. But in many ways, Moscow still sees Central Asia through the lens of the Soviet Union, and it struggles to redefine Russian relations with the region. In The Fight for Influence, Alexey Malashenko offers a comprehensive analysis of Russian policies and prospects in Central Asia. It is clear that Russian policy in the formerly Soviet-controlled region is entering uncharted territory. But does Moscow understand the fundamental shifts under way? Malashenko argues that it is time for Russia to rethink its approach to Central Asia. Contents 1. Wasted Opportunities 2. Regional Instruments of Influence 3. Russia and Islam in Central Asia: Problems of Migration 4. Kazakhstan and Its Neighborhood 5. Kyrgyzstan—The Exception 6. Tajikistan: Authoritarian, Fragile, and Facing Difficult Challenges 7. Turkmenistan: No Longer Exotic, But Still Authoritarian 8. Uzbekistan: Is There a Potential for Change? Conclusion Who Challenges Russia in Central Asia?
Book Synopsis The Economic Weapon by : Nicholas Mulder
Download or read book The Economic Weapon written by Nicholas Mulder and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2022 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tracing the history of economic sanctions from the blockades of World War I to the policing of colonial empires and the interwar confrontation with fascism, Nicholas Mulder combines political, economic, legal, and military history to reveal how a coercive wartime tool was adopted as an instrument of peacekeeping by the League of Nations.This timely study casts an overdue light on why sanctions are widely considered a form of war, and why their unintended consequences are so tremendous.
Book Synopsis The Iran Primer by : Robin B. Wright
Download or read book The Iran Primer written by Robin B. Wright and published by US Institute of Peace Press. This book was released on 2010 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive but concise overview of Iran's politics, economy, military, foreign policy, and nuclear program. The volume chronicles U.S.-Iran relations under six American presidents and probes five options for dealing with Iran. Organized thematically, this book provides top-level briefings by 50 top experts on Iran (both Iranian and Western authors) and is a practical and accessible "go-to" resource for practitioners, policymakers, academics, and students, as well as a fascinating wealth of information for anyone interested in understanding Iran's pivotal role in world politics.
Book Synopsis Energy Relations Between Russia and China by : James Henderson
Download or read book Energy Relations Between Russia and China written by James Henderson and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Targeted Sanctions by : Thomas J. Biersteker
Download or read book Targeted Sanctions written by Thomas J. Biersteker and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2016-03-17 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Systematically analyzes the impacts and the effectiveness of UN targeted sanctions over the past quarter century.
Book Synopsis Imported Oil and U.S. National Security by : Keith Crane
Download or read book Imported Oil and U.S. National Security written by Keith Crane and published by Rand Corporation. This book was released on 2009 with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Assesses economic, political, and military concerns arising from the United States' dependence on foreign oil.
Book Synopsis The Russia Sanctions by : Christine Abely
Download or read book The Russia Sanctions written by Christine Abely and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2023-12-31 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In The Russia Sanctions, Christine Abely examines the international trade measures and sanctions deployed against Russia in response to its 2022 invasion of Ukraine. Abely situates contemporary sanctions within their larger historical and economic backgrounds and provides a uniquely accessible analysis of the historic export controls and import restrictions enacted since 2022. She argues that these sanctions have affected, and will continue to affect, global trading patterns, financial integration, and foreign policy in novel ways. In particular, she examines the effects of sanctions on energy, food, fertilizer, the financial system, and the global use of the US dollar, including trends of de-dollarization. Coverage includes sanctions against oligarchs, the freezing and seizure of assets, and steps taken to make sanctions more effective by promoting financial transparency worldwide.
Book Synopsis International Sanctions in Contemporary Perspective by : Margaret P. Doxey
Download or read book International Sanctions in Contemporary Perspective written by Margaret P. Doxey and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-07-27 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This important book presents a comprehensive and up-to-date introduction to the subject of international sanctions. It provides summaries of fourteen major cases, including South Africa, Iraq and Serbia, and analysis of the complex political and economic problems which sanctions pose for governments of sender states as well as for targets. Goals, costs, vulnerability and humanitarian considerations are examined in the light of 20th-century experience and the enhanced role of the United Nations since the end of the Cold War receives detailed consideration.
