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Rising Oxygen Concentrations As A Driver Of Macroevolutionary Trends In Marine Communities
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Book Synopsis Rising Oxygen Concentrations as a Driver of Macroevolutionary Trends in Marine Communities by : Rishi K. Sugla
Download or read book Rising Oxygen Concentrations as a Driver of Macroevolutionary Trends in Marine Communities written by Rishi K. Sugla and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The onset of the Phanerozoic (541 Ma to present) marks a transition point in the evolution of life on Earth. The evolutionary dynamics of this period and its linkages to the physical environment have long been the focus of paleontologists. In this dissertation, I investigate the role of changing oxygen concentrations on the long-term evolutionary trends in Phanerozoic oceans. In particular, I focus on the Mesozoic Marine Revolution, a period of rapid evolutionary transition towards increasingly active communities. In contrast to canonical model reconstructions of atmospheric oxygen during Phanerozoic which show little correlation to evolutionary trends in the marine fossil record, the data presented here suggest an important role for oxygen. I first construct a record of carbonate sediment color to track redox state at the sediment-water interface through time and demonstrate that, despite persistently high levels of atmospheric oxygen, benthic environments may have been poorly oxygenated until 200 million years ago. This record opens up the possibility that shallow marine communities faced selective pressures from oxygen-limited environments until about the time of the Mesozoic Marine Revolution. Building on the sedimentary evidence for a Mesozoic rise in ocean oxygenation, my second chapter builds a quantitative record of metabolic rates in marine communities using modern metabolic rates combined with molecular clock and fossil record ages. This record illustrates that pronounced shifts in metabolic demand occurred during the Mesozoic Marine Revolution from increasing body size and oxygen availability in shallow marine environments. I expand upon this finding by quantifying temperature and oxygen state spaces of living organisms to show that taxa from clades with Paleozoic origins occupy a lower temperature and dissolved oxygen space than clades evolved in the Mesozoic or later. This suggests temperature and oxygen conditions of the deep-sea may act as a barrier against Mesozoic clades and provide refugia for formerly shallow marine Paleozoic communities. In summary, the data presented from this thesis suggest that low oxygen concentrations acted as a limiting variable in the evolution of metabolically active fauna. The data also suggest Paleozoic deep-water communities experienced dissolved oxygen concentrations that varied significantly from equilibrium with the atmosphere.
Book Synopsis Evolution of Primary Producers in the Sea by : Paul Falkowski
Download or read book Evolution of Primary Producers in the Sea written by Paul Falkowski and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2011-08-31 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evolution of Primary Producers in the Sea reference examines how photosynthesis evolved on Earth and how phytoplankton evolved through time – ultimately to permit the evolution of complex life, including human beings. The first of its kind, this book provides thorough coverage of key topics, with contributions by leading experts in biophysics, evolutionary biology, micropaleontology, marine ecology, and biogeochemistry.This exciting new book is of interest not only to students and researchers in marine science, but also to evolutionary biologists and ecologists interested in understanding the origins and diversification of life. Evolution of Primary Producers in the Sea offers these students and researchers an understanding of the molecular evolution, phylogeny, fossil record, and environmental processes that collectively permits us to comprehend the rise of phytoplankton and their impact on Earth's ecology and biogeochemistry. It is certain to become the first and best word on this exhilarating topic. - Discusses the evolution of phytoplankton in the world's oceans as the first living organisms and the first and basic producers in the earths food chain - Includes the latest developments in the evolution and ecology of marine phytoplankton specifically with additional information on marine ecosystems and biogeochemical cycles - The only book to consider of the evolution of phytoplankton and its role in molecular evolution, biogeochemistry, paleontology, and oceanographic aspects - Written at a level suitable for related reading use in courses on the Evolution of the Biosphere, Ecological and Biological oceanography and marine biology, and Biodiversity
Book Synopsis Regional Geology and Tectonics: Principles of Geologic Analysis by : Nicola Scarselli
Download or read book Regional Geology and Tectonics: Principles of Geologic Analysis written by Nicola Scarselli and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-06-17 with total page 896 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Regional Geology and Tectonics: Principles of Geologic Analysis, 2nd edition is the first in a three-volume series covering Phanerozoic regional geology and tectonics. The new edition provides updates to the first edition's detailed overview of geologic processes, and includes new sections on plate tectonics, petroleum systems, and new methods of geological analysis. This book provides both professionals and students with the basic principles necessary to grasp the conceptual approaches to hydrocarbon exploration in a wide variety of geological settings globally. - Discusses in detail the principles of regional geological analysis and the main geological and geophysical tools - Captures and identifies the tectonics of the world in detail, through a series of unique geographic maps, allowing quick access to exact tectonic locations - Serves as the ideal introductory overview and complementary reference to the core concepts of regional geology and tectonics offered in volumes 2 and 3 in the series
Author :Stephen D. Cairns Publisher :French National Museum Natural History ISBN 13 :9782856537671 Total Pages :0 pages Book Rating :4.5/5 (376 download)
Book Synopsis Stylasteridae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Anthoathecata) of the New Caledonian Region by : Stephen D. Cairns
Download or read book Stylasteridae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Anthoathecata) of the New Caledonian Region written by Stephen D. Cairns and published by French National Museum Natural History. This book was released on 2016-02-15 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos is a series dedicated to the inventory and description of the deep-sea fauna of the world, with special emphasis on their most extensive--but remote and least-explored--habitats: the Indo-West Pacific. Growing out of marine expeditions undertaken by the French National Museum of Natural History and the Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, the series continues to present many new, strange, and sometimes colorful invertebrates. The present volume presents results from recent expeditions within the New Caledonian Exclusive Economic Zone, reporting ninety-eight species (including fifty-seven new species) of corals from the Stylasteridae family and one new calcified species of hydrozoa from the family Hydractiniidae. Including numerous seamounts, submarine ridges, and small islands, New Caledonia's deep-sea benthos are ideal habitat for stylasterids, making it the most species-rich marine region in the world for this taxon.
Book Synopsis Relativity of Evolution by : Markus Knoflacher
Download or read book Relativity of Evolution written by Markus Knoflacher and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Handbook of Paleoanthropology by : Winfried Henke
Download or read book Handbook of Paleoanthropology written by Winfried Henke and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-05-10 with total page 2057 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 3-volume handbook brings together contributions by the world ́s leading specialists that reflect the broad spectrum of modern palaeoanthropology, thus presenting an indispensable resource for professionals and students alike. Vol. 1 reviews principles, methods, and approaches, recounting recent advances and state-of-the-art knowledge in phylogenetic analysis, palaeoecology and evolutionary theory and philosophy. Vol. 2 examines primate origins, evolution, behaviour, and adaptive variety, emphasizing integration of fossil data with contemporary knowledge of the behaviour and ecology of living primates in natural environments. Vol. 3 deals with fossil and molecular evidence for the evolution of Homo sapiens and its fossil relatives.
Book Synopsis Applications of Non-Pollen Palynomorphs by : F. Marret
Download or read book Applications of Non-Pollen Palynomorphs written by F. Marret and published by Geological Society of London. This book was released on 2021-10-29 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This long-awaited book about non-pollen palynomorphs (NPPs) aims to cover gaps in our knowledge of these abundant but understudied palynological remains. NPPs, such as fungal spores, testate amoebae, dinoflagellate cysts, acritarchs and animal remains, are routinely recovered from palynological preparations of marine or terrestrial material, from Proterozoic to recent geological times. This book gives the reader a comprehensive overview of the different types of NPPs, with examples from diverse time periods and environments. It provides guidance on sample preparation to maximize the recovery of these NPPs, detailed information on their diversity and ecological affinity, clarification on the nomenclature and demonstrates their value as environmental indicators. This volume will become the reference guide for any student, academic or practitioner interested in everything else in their palynological preparations.
Book Synopsis The Evolutionary Biology of Species by : Timothy G. Barraclough
Download or read book The Evolutionary Biology of Species written by Timothy G. Barraclough and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2019-06-20 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'Species' are central to understanding the origin and dynamics of biological diversity; explaining why lineages split into multiple distinct species is one of the main goals of evolutionary biology. However the existence of species is often taken for granted, and precisely what is meant by species and whether they really exist as a pattern of nature has rarely been modelled or critically tested. This novel book presents a synthetic overview of the evolutionary biology of species, describing what species are, how they form, the consequences of species boundaries and diversity for evolution, and patterns of species accumulation over time. The central thesis is that species represent more than just a unit of taxonomy; they are a model of how diversity is structured as well as how groups of related organisms evolve. The author adopts an intentionally broad approach, stepping back from the details to consider what species constitute, both theoretically and empirically, and how we detect them, drawing on a wealth of examples from microbes to multicellular organisms.
Book Synopsis Behavioural Responses to a Changing World by : Ulrika Candolin
Download or read book Behavioural Responses to a Changing World written by Ulrika Candolin and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2012-06-14 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human-induced environmental change currently represents the single greatest threat to global biodiversity. Species are typically adapted to the local environmental conditions in which they have evolved. Changes in environmental conditions initially influence behaviour, which in turn affects species interactions, population dynamics, evolutionary processes and, ultimately, biodiversity. How animals respond to changed conditions, and how this influences population viability, is an area of growing research interest. Yet, despite the vital links between environmental change, behaviour, and population dynamics, surprisingly little has been done to bridge these areas of research. Behavioural Responses to a Changing World is the first book of its kind devoted to understanding behavioural responses to environmental change. The volume is comprehensive in scope, discussing impacts on both the mechanisms underlying behavioural processes, as well as the longer-term ecological and evolutionary consequences. Drawing on international experts from across the globe, the book covers topics as diverse as endocrine disruption, learning, reproduction, migration, species interactions, and evolutionary rescue.
Book Synopsis Ecological Assembly Rules by : Evan Weiher
Download or read book Ecological Assembly Rules written by Evan Weiher and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2001-08-16 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Considers the evidence for the existence of unifying rules controlling the formation and maintenance of ecological communities.
Author :Jeroen C. J. M. van den Bergh Publisher :Cambridge University Press ISBN 13 :1108470971 Total Pages :575 pages Book Rating :4.1/5 (84 download)
Book Synopsis Human Evolution Beyond Biology and Culture by : Jeroen C. J. M. van den Bergh
Download or read book Human Evolution Beyond Biology and Culture written by Jeroen C. J. M. van den Bergh and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-10-18 with total page 575 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A complete account of evolutionary thought in the social, environmental and policy sciences, creating bridges with biology.
Book Synopsis The Regulatory Genome by : Eric H. Davidson
Download or read book The Regulatory Genome written by Eric H. Davidson and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2010-07-19 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gene regulatory networks are the most complex, extensive control systems found in nature. The interaction between biology and evolution has been the subject of great interest in recent years. The author, Eric Davidson, has been instrumental in elucidating this relationship. He is a world renowned scientist and a major contributor to the field of developmental biology. The Regulatory Genome beautifully explains the control of animal development in terms of structure/function relations of inherited regulatory DNA sequence, and the emergent properties of the gene regulatory networks composed of these sequences. New insights into the mechanisms of body plan evolution are derived from considerations of the consequences of change in developmental gene regulatory networks. Examples of crucial evidence underscore each major concept. The clear writing style explains regulatory causality without requiring a sophisticated background in descriptive developmental biology. This unique text supersedes anything currently available in the market. - The only book in the market that is solely devoted to the genomic regulatory code for animal development - Written at a conceptual level, including many novel synthetic concepts that ultimately simplify understanding - Presents a comprehensive treatment of molecular control elements that determine the function of genes - Provides a comparative treatment of development, based on principles rather than description of developmental processes - Considers the evolutionary processes in terms of the structural properties of gene regulatory networks - Includes 42 full-color descriptive figures and diagrams
Book Synopsis Edible Sea Urchins: Biology and Ecology by : John M. Lawrence
Download or read book Edible Sea Urchins: Biology and Ecology written by John M. Lawrence and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2001-05-21 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sea urchins are a major component of marine environments found throughout the world's oceans. A major model for research in developmental biology, they are also of major economic importance in many regions and interest in their management and aquaculture has increased greatly in recent years. This book provides a synthesis of biological and ecological characteristics of sea urchins that are of basic scientific interest and also essential for effective fisheries management and aquaculture. General chapters consider characteristics of sea urchins as a whole. In addition, specific chapters are devoted to the ecology of 17 species that are of major commercial interest and ecological importance.Features include: • A synthesis of what is known about the basic biological characteristics of the sea urchin, useful for the direction of future research. • Case histories of 17 species that illustrate their ecological role in a variety of environments. • With the catastrophic decline in fisheries resulting primarily from over-fishing, it is essential that the populations be managed effectively and that aquaculture be developed. This book provides knowledge of the biology and ecology of the commercially important sea urchins that will contribute to these goals. • The only book available in present literature devoted to sea urchins.With this new title experts provide a broad synthetic treatment and in depth analysis of the biology and ecology of sea urchins from around the world, designed to provide an understanding of the group and the basis for fisheries management and aquaculture.
Book Synopsis Marine Macroecology by : Jon D. Witman
Download or read book Marine Macroecology written by Jon D. Witman and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2009-10-15 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pioneered in the late 1980s, the concept of macroecology—a framework for studying ecological communities with a focus on patterns and processes—revolutionized the field. Although this approach has been applied mainly to terrestrial ecosystems, there is increasing interest in quantifying macroecological patterns in the sea and understanding the processes that generate them. Taking stock of the current work in the field and advocating a research agenda for the decades ahead, Marine Macroecology draws together insights and approaches from a diverse group of scientists to show how marine ecology can benefit from the adoption of macroecological approaches. Divided into three parts, Marine Macroecology first provides an overview of marine diversity patterns and offers case studies of specific habitats and taxonomic groups. In the second part, contributors focus on process-based explanations for marine ecological patterns. The third part presents new approaches to understanding processes driving the macroecolgical patterns in the sea. Uniting unique insights from different perspectives with the common goal of identifying and understanding large-scale biodiversity patterns, Marine Macroecology will inspire the next wave of marine ecologists to approach their research from a macroecological perspective.
Book Synopsis The Emerald Planet by : David Beerling
Download or read book The Emerald Planet written by David Beerling and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017-05-12 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plants have profoundly moulded the Earth's climate and the evolutionary trajectory of life. Far from being 'silent witnesses to the passage of time', plants are dynamic components of our world, shaping the environment throughout history as much as that environment has shaped them. In The Emerald Planet, David Beerling puts plants centre stage, revealing the crucial role they have played in driving global changes in the environment, in recording hidden facets of Earth's history, and in helping us to predict its future. His account draws together evidence from fossil plants, from experiments with their living counterparts, and from computer models of the 'Earth System', to illuminate the history of our planet and its biodiversity. This new approach reveals how plummeting carbon dioxide levels removed a barrier to the evolution of the leaf; how plants played a starring role in pushing oxygen levels upwards, allowing spectacular giant insects to thrive in the Carboniferous; and it strengthens fascinating and contentious fossil evidence for an ancient hole in the ozone layer. Along the way, Beerling introduces a lively cast of pioneering scientists from Victorian times onwards whose discoveries provided the crucial background to these and the other puzzles. This understanding of our planet's past sheds a sobering light on our own climate-changing activities, and offers clues to what our climatic and ecological futures might look like. There could be no more important time to take a close look at plants, and to understand the history of the world through the stories they tell. Oxford Landmark Science books are 'must-read' classics of modern science writing which have crystallized big ideas, and shaped the way we think.
Book Synopsis Mangrove Ecosystems: A Global Biogeographic Perspective by : Victor H. Rivera-Monroy
Download or read book Mangrove Ecosystems: A Global Biogeographic Perspective written by Victor H. Rivera-Monroy and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-03 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a comprehensive overview and analysis of mangrove ecological processes, structure, and function at the local, biogeographic, and global scales and how these properties interact to provide key ecosystem services to society. The analysis is based on an international collaborative effort that focuses on regions and countries holding the largest mangrove resources and encompasses the major biogeographic and socio-economic settings of mangrove distribution. Given the economic and ecological importance of mangrove wetlands at the global scale, the chapters aim to integrate ecological and socio-economic perspectives on mangrove function and management using a system-level hierarchical analysis framework. The book explores the nexus between mangrove ecology and the capacity for ecosystem services, with an emphasis on thresholds, multiple stressors, and local conditions that determine this capacity. The interdisciplinary approach and illustrative study cases included in the book will provide valuable resources in data, information, and knowledge about the current status of one of the most productive coastal ecosystem in the world.
Book Synopsis Biotic Interactions in Recent and Fossil Benthic Communities by : Michael J.S. Tevesz
Download or read book Biotic Interactions in Recent and Fossil Benthic Communities written by Michael J.S. Tevesz and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-01-10 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
