Righting Canadas Wrongs Africville

Download Righting Canadas Wrongs Africville full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Righting Canadas Wrongs Africville ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!

Righting Canada's Wrongs: Africville

Author : Gloria Ann Wesley
Publisher : James Lorimer & Company
ISBN 13 : 145941358X
Total Pages : 98 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (594 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Righting Canada's Wrongs: Africville by : Gloria Ann Wesley

Download or read book Righting Canada's Wrongs: Africville written by Gloria Ann Wesley and published by James Lorimer & Company. This book was released on 2019-04-30 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The community of Africville was founded in the late 1800s when African Nova Scotians built homes on the Bedford Basin on the northern edge of Halifax. Africville grew to include a church, a school, and small businesses. At its peak, about 400 people lived there. The community was lively and vibrant, with a strong sense of culture and tradition. But the community had its problems. Racist attitudes prevented people from getting well-paying jobs in the city and the City of Halifax refused residents basic services such as running water, sewage disposal, and garbage collection. In the 1960s, in the name of urban renewal, the City of Halifax decided to demolish Africville, relocate its residents and use the land for industrial development. Residents strongly opposed this move, but their homes were bulldozed, and many had to move into public housing projects in other parts of the city. After years of pressure from former members of the community and their descendants, the City of Halifax finally apologized for the destruction of Africville and offered some compensation. A replica of the church was built on the site. But former residents and their descendents were refused compensation beyond what little was paid in the 1960s. Through historical photographs, documents, and first-person narratives, this book tells the story of Africville. It documents how the city destroyed Africville and much later apologized for it — and how the spirit of the community lives on.

Righting Canada's Wrongs: Africville

Author : Gloria Ann Wesley
Publisher : James Lorimer & Company
ISBN 13 : 1459416511
Total Pages : 98 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (594 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Righting Canada's Wrongs: Africville by : Gloria Ann Wesley

Download or read book Righting Canada's Wrongs: Africville written by Gloria Ann Wesley and published by James Lorimer & Company. This book was released on 2021-08-17 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Beginning in the 18th century, Black men and women arrived from the U.S. and settled in various parts of Nova Scotia. In the 1800s, a small Black community had developed just north of Halifax on the shores of the Bedford Basin. The community became known as Africville and grew to about 400 people. Its residents fished, farmed, operated small retail stores and found work in the city. Jobs for Black people were hard to find, with many occupations blocked by racist practices. Women often worked as domestics and many men were train porters. A school and a church were the community’s key institutions. The City of Halifax located a number of undesirable industries in Africville but refused residents’ demands for basic services such as running water, sewage disposal, paved roads, street lights, a cemetery, public transit, garbage collection and adequate police protection. City planners developed urban renewal plans and city politicians agreed to demolish the community. Residents strongly opposed relocation, but city officials ignored their protests and began to seize and bulldoze the homes. In 1967, the church was demolished — in the middle of the night. This was a blow that signaled the end of Africville. In the 1970s, some community members organized and began working for an apology and compensation. In 2010, Halifax’s mayor made a public apology for the community’s suffering and mistreatment. Some former residents accepted this; others continued to campaign for restitution. This new edition documents the continued fight for compensation by community members and their descendants. The spirit and resilience of Africville lives on in new generations of African Nova Scotians.

Righting Canada's Wrongs Resource Guide

Author : The Critical Thinking Consortium
Publisher : Lorimer
ISBN 13 : 9781459416659
Total Pages : 152 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (166 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Righting Canada's Wrongs Resource Guide by : The Critical Thinking Consortium

Download or read book Righting Canada's Wrongs Resource Guide written by The Critical Thinking Consortium and published by Lorimer. This book was released on 2022-02-01 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Righting Canada’s Wrongs series is devoted to the exploration of racist and discriminatory government policies and actions against various groups through our history, the fight for acknowledgement and justice and the eventual apologies and restitution of subsequent governments. The award-winning books in this series make a valuable addition to any classroom or library looking for kid-friendly and appealing resources on social justice and equal rights in Canada. The engaging and curriculum-based lessons in this Resource Guide will help students to further understand some of the important events in Canada's history that helped shape our current multicultural society. Educators will find support for teaching about Canada's past treatment of minorities and how to approach the topic of racism and discrimination. As well, students will learn about the important roles that these groups have played in Canadian society. The third edition of the Resource Guide has been updated to include the most recent books in the Righting Canada’s Wrongs series: Africville, Anti-Semitism and the MS St. Louis and The LGBT Purge. SPECIAL FEATURES: A different historical thinking concept is introduced in each lesson. Each of the main lessons are directly linked to books in the series. The Resource Guide also provides additional sections related to each book. Student Blackline Masters are provided for copying. Evaluation rubrics for your assessment of student achievement on each lesson are included. Video links throughout the guide will supplement your lesson and add another dimension to student learning.

Righting Canada's Wrongs: Japanese Canadian Internment in the Second World War

Author : Pamela Hickman
Publisher : James Lorimer & Company
ISBN 13 : 1552778533
Total Pages : 162 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (527 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Righting Canada's Wrongs: Japanese Canadian Internment in the Second World War by : Pamela Hickman

Download or read book Righting Canada's Wrongs: Japanese Canadian Internment in the Second World War written by Pamela Hickman and published by James Lorimer & Company. This book was released on 2012-02-21 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the Second World War, over 20,000 Japanese Canadians had their civil rights, homes, possessions, and freedom taken away. This visual-packed book tells the story.

Righting Canada's Wrongs: Italian Canadian Internment in the Second World War

Author : Pamela Hickman
Publisher : Lorimer
ISBN 13 : 145940095X
Total Pages : 114 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (594 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Righting Canada's Wrongs: Italian Canadian Internment in the Second World War by : Pamela Hickman

Download or read book Righting Canada's Wrongs: Italian Canadian Internment in the Second World War written by Pamela Hickman and published by Lorimer. This book was released on 2012-10-10 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Italians came to Canada to seek a better life. From the 1870s to the 1920s they arrived in large numbers and found work mainly in mining, railway building, forestry, construction, and farming. As time passed, many used their skills to set up successful small businesses, often in Little Italy districts in cities like Montreal, Toronto, Hamilton, and Winnipeg. Many struggled with the language and culture in Canada, but their children became part of the Canadian mix. When Canada declared war on Italy on June 10, 1940, the government used the War Measures Act to label all Italian citizens over the age of eighteen as enemy aliens. Those who had received Canadian citizenship after 1922 were also deemed enemy aliens. Immediately, the RCMP began making arrests. Men, young and old, and a few women were taken from their homes, offices, or social clubs without warning. In all, about 700 were imprisoned in internment camps, mainly in Ontario and New Brunswick. The impact of this internment was felt immediately by families who lost husbands and fathers, but the effects would live on for decades. Eventually, pressure from the Italian Canadian community led Prime Minister Brian Mulroney to issue an apology for the internment and to admit that it was wrong. Using historical photographs, paintings, documents, and first-person narratives, this book offers a full account of this little-known episode in Canadian history.

Righting Canada's Wrongs: The Komagata Maru

Author : Pamela Hickman
Publisher : James Lorimer & Company
ISBN 13 : 1459404378
Total Pages : 106 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (594 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Righting Canada's Wrongs: The Komagata Maru by : Pamela Hickman

Download or read book Righting Canada's Wrongs: The Komagata Maru written by Pamela Hickman and published by James Lorimer & Company. This book was released on 2014-04-30 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1914, Canada was a very British society with anti-Asian attitudes. Although Great Britain had declared that all people from India were officially British citizens and could live anywhere in the British Commonwealth, Canada refused to accept them. This racist policy was challenged by Gurdit Singh, a Sikh businessman, who chartered a ship, the Komagata Maru, and sailed to Vancouver with over 300 fellow Indians wishing to immigrate to Canada. They were turned back, tragically. Over the years, the Canadian government gradually changed its immigration policies, first allowing entry to wives and children of Indian immigrants and later to many more immigrants from India. The Indo-Canadian community has grown throughout Canada, especially in British Columbia. Many in the community continue to celebrate their Indian heritage which enriches Canadian culture.

Righting Canada’s Wrongs: Inuit Relocations

Author : Frank James Tester
Publisher : James Lorimer & Company
ISBN 13 : 1459416678
Total Pages : 146 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (594 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Righting Canada’s Wrongs: Inuit Relocations by : Frank James Tester

Download or read book Righting Canada’s Wrongs: Inuit Relocations written by Frank James Tester and published by James Lorimer & Company. This book was released on 2023-11-07 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A ground-breaking account of multiple forced relocations by the Canadian government of Inuit communities and individuals. All have been the subject of apologies, but are little known beyond the Arctic. The Inuit community has proven resilient to many attempts at assimilation, relocation and evacuation to the south. In a highly visual and appealing format for young readers, this book explores the many forced relocation of Inuit families and communities in the Canadian Arctic from the 1950s to the 1990s. Governments promoted and forced relocation based on misinformation and racist attitudes. These actions changed Inuit lives forever. This book documents the Inuit experience and the resilience and strength they displayed in the face of these measures. Years afterwards, there have been multiple apologies by the Canadian government for its actions, and some measure of restitution for the harms caused. Included in the book are accounts of a community forced to move to the High Arctic where they found themselves with little food and almost no shelter, of children suddenly taken away from their families and communities to be transported to hospitals for treatment for tuberculosis, and of the notorious slaughter by RCMP officers of hundreds of sled dogs in Arctic settlements. Though apologies have been made, Inuit in northern Canada still face conditions of inadequate housing, schools that fail to teach their language, and epidemics of infectious diseases like TB. Yet still, the Inuit have achieved a measure of self-government, control over resource development, while they enrich cultural life through music, film, art and literature. This book enables readers to understand the colonialism and racism that remain embedded in Canadian society today, and the successful resistance of Inuit to assimilation and loss of cultural identity. Like other volumes in the Righting Canada’s Wrongs series, this book uses a variety of visuals, first-person accounts, short texts and extracts from documents to appeal to a wide range of young readers.

Righting Canada's Wrongs: The Chinese Head Tax

Author : Arlene Chan
Publisher : James Lorimer & Company
ISBN 13 : 1459404432
Total Pages : 98 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (594 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Righting Canada's Wrongs: The Chinese Head Tax by : Arlene Chan

Download or read book Righting Canada's Wrongs: The Chinese Head Tax written by Arlene Chan and published by James Lorimer & Company. This book was released on 2014-10-20 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first Chinese immigrants arrived in Canada in the mid-1800s searching for gold and a better life. They found jobs in forestry, mining, and other resource industries. But life in Canada was difficult and the immigrants had to face racism and cultural barriers. Thousands were recruited to work building the Canadian Pacific Railway. Once the railway was finished, Canadian governments and many Canadians wanted the Chinese to go away. The government took measures to stop immigration from China to Canada. Starting in 1885, the government imposed a Head Tax with the goal of stopping immigration from China. In 1923 a ban was imposed that lasted to 1947. Despite this hostility and racism, Chinese-Canadian citizens built lives for themselves and persisted in protesting official discrimination. In June 2006, Prime Minister Harper apologized to Chinese Canadians for the former racist policies of the Canadian government. Through historical photographs, documents, and first-person narratives from Chinese Canadians who experienced the Head Tax or who were children of Head Tax payers, this book offers a full account of the injustice of this period in Canadian history. It documents how this official racism was confronted and finally acknowledged.

Righting Canada's Wrongs 6 Book Set + Resource Guide

Author :
Publisher : Lorimer
ISBN 13 : 9781459416024
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (16 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Righting Canada's Wrongs 6 Book Set + Resource Guide by :

Download or read book Righting Canada's Wrongs 6 Book Set + Resource Guide written by and published by Lorimer. This book was released on 2020-10-27 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Africville Residential Schools The Chinese Head Tax The Komagatu Maru Italian Canadian Internment in the Second World War Japanese Canadian Internment in the Second World War Righting Canada's Wrongs Resource Guide

Razing Africville

Author : Jennifer Nelson
Publisher : University of Toronto Press
ISBN 13 : 1442691581
Total Pages : 201 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (426 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Razing Africville by : Jennifer Nelson

Download or read book Razing Africville written by Jennifer Nelson and published by University of Toronto Press. This book was released on 2009-05-16 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the 1960s, the city of Halifax razed the black community of Africville under a program of urban renewal and 'slum clearance.' The city defended its actions by citing the deplorable living conditions in Africville, ignoring its own role in the creation of these conditions through years of neglect and the refusal of essential services. In the 1980s, the city created a park on Africville's former site, which has been a place of protest and commemoration for black citizens since its opening. As yet, however, the city has not issued a formal apology to Africville residents and has paid no further compensation. Razing Africville examines this history as the prolonged eviction of a community from its own space. By examining a variety of sources - urban planning texts, city council documents, news media, and academic accounts - Jennifer J. Nelson illustrates how Africville went from a slum to a problem to be solved and, more recently, to a public space in which past violence is rendered invisible. Reading historical texts as a critical map of decision-making, she argues that the ongoing measures taken to regulate black bodies and spaces amount to a 'geography of racism.' Through a geographic lens, therefore, she manages to analyse ways in which race requires space and how the control of space is a necessary component of delineating and controlling people. A much needed re-examination of an important historical example, Razing Africville applies contemporary spatial theory to the situation in Africville and offers critical observations about the function of racism.

Africaville

Author : Jeffrey Colvin
Publisher : HarperCollins
ISBN 13 : 0062913735
Total Pages : 372 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (629 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Africaville by : Jeffrey Colvin

Download or read book Africaville written by Jeffrey Colvin and published by HarperCollins. This book was released on 2019-12-10 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 2020 Hurston/Wright Legacy Award Nominee-Debut Fiction A ferociously talented writer makes his stunning debut with this richly woven tapestry, set in a small Nova Scotia town settled by former slaves, that depicts several generations of one family bound together and torn apart by blood, faith, time, and fate. Vogue : Best Books to Read This Winter Structured as a triptych, Africaville chronicles the lives of three generations of the Sebolt family—Kath Ella, her son Omar/Etienne, and her grandson Warner—whose lives unfold against the tumultuous events of the twentieth century from the Great Depression of the 1930s, through the social protests of the 1960s to the economic upheavals in the 1980s. A century earlier, Kath Ella’s ancestors established a new home in Nova Scotia. Like her ancestors, Kath Ella’s life is shaped by hardship—she struggles to conceive and to provide for her family during the long, bitter Canadian winters. She must also contend with the locals’ lingering suspicions about the dark-skinned “outsiders” who live in their midst. Kath Ella’s fierce love for her son, Omar, cannot help her overcome the racial prejudices that linger in this remote, tight-knit place. As he grows up, the rebellious Omar refutes the past and decides to break from the family, threatening to upend all that Kath Ella and her people have tried to build. Over the decades, each successive generation drifts further from Africaville, yet they take a piece of this indelible place with them as they make their way to Montreal, Vermont, and beyond, to the deep South of America. As it explores notions of identity, passing, cross-racial relationships, the importance of place, and the meaning of home, Africaville tells the larger story of the black experience in parts of Canada and the United States. Vibrant and lyrical, filled with colorful details, and told in a powerful, haunting voice, this extraordinary novel—as atmospheric and steeped in history as The Known World, Barracoon, The Underground Railroad, and The Twelve Tribes of Hattie—is a landmark work from a sure-to-be major literary talent.

If This Is Freedom

Author : Gloria Ann Wesley
Publisher : Fernwood Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1552666026
Total Pages : 258 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (526 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis If This Is Freedom by : Gloria Ann Wesley

Download or read book If This Is Freedom written by Gloria Ann Wesley and published by Fernwood Publishing. This book was released on 2013-09-02T00:00:00Z with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: If This Is Freedom continues the story of struggle for Loyalist settlers in Nova Scotia after the American Revolutionary War. In the black settlement of Birchtown, times are especially hard for the former slaves. They face the difficulties of a hardscrabble existence and continued discrimination from their white counterparts. Like many desperate Birchtowners, Sarah Redmond has signed an indenture agreement, a work contract meant to protect her rights and ensure a living wage. Sarah’s employers, the Blyes, do not honour the agreement, and Sarah and her family are all but shattered when Sarah takes a wrong step – one she will come to regret as it sets off a chain of unusual events that put her under further pressure. With her faith in the settlement running dry and the Birchtowners abandoning the settlement, Sarah is perplexed and soon faces the taxing option of whether to hold on to the only real life she has ever known or let go. At once a stand-alone story and a companion to Gloria Ann Wesley’s previous novel, Chasing Freedom, this story about moral courage and the enduring strength of dreams shares history with us in a way that is both honest and emotional.

Africville

Author : Donald H. J. Clairmont
Publisher : Canadian Scholars’ Press
ISBN 13 : 1551300931
Total Pages : 340 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (513 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Africville by : Donald H. J. Clairmont

Download or read book Africville written by Donald H. J. Clairmont and published by Canadian Scholars’ Press. This book was released on 1999 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the mid 1960s the city of Halifax decided to relocate the inhabitants of Africville--a black community that had been transformed by civil neglect, mismanagement, and poor planning into one of the worst city slums in Canadian history. Africville is a sociological account of the relocation that reveals how lack of resources and inadequate planning led to devastating consequences for Africville relocatees. Africville is a work of painstaking scholarship that reveals in detail the social injustice that marked both the life and the death of the community. It became a classic work in Canadian sociology after its original publication in 1974. The third edition contains new material that enriches the original analysis, updates the account, and highlights the continuing importance of Africville to black consciousness in Nova Scotia.

Africville

Author : Shauntay Grant
Publisher : Groundwood Books Ltd
ISBN 13 : 1773060449
Total Pages : 19 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (73 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Africville by : Shauntay Grant

Download or read book Africville written by Shauntay Grant and published by Groundwood Books Ltd. This book was released on 2018-09-01 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Finalist for the Governor General’s Literary Award, Young People’s Literature – Illustrated Books When a young girl visits the site of Africville, in Halifax, Nova Scotia, the stories she’s heard from her family come to mind. She imagines what the community was once like — the brightly painted houses nestled into the hillside, the field where boys played football, the pond where all the kids went rafting, the bountiful fishing, the huge bonfires. Coming out of her reverie, she visits the present-day park and the sundial where her great- grandmother’s name is carved in stone, and celebrates a summer day at the annual Africville Reunion/Festival. Africville was a vibrant Black community for more than 150 years. But even though its residents paid municipal taxes, they lived without running water, sewers, paved roads and police, fire-truck and ambulance services. Over time, the city located a slaughterhouse, a hospital for infectious disease, and even the city garbage dump nearby. In the 1960s, city officials decided to demolish the community, moving people out in city dump trucks and relocating them in public housing. Today, Africville has been replaced by a park, where former residents and their families gather each summer to remember their community.

The Hermit of Africville

Author : Jon Tattrie
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 212 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Hermit of Africville by : Jon Tattrie

Download or read book The Hermit of Africville written by Jon Tattrie and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Jon Tattrie is a journalist and writer. After a decade in Europe, he took a job on the Halifax Daily News in 2006. When the paper closed in 2008, he became a full-time freelancer, writing for Metro Canada, Transcontinental Media, the Chronicle-Herald, Halifax and Progress magazines, and other publications. He's sweated in a Mi'kmaq lodge, sailed a tall ship, explored a nuclear bunker and spent Christmas at the Halifax Stanfield International Airport. Black Snow, his first novel, is a love story set during the Halifax Explosion. He lives with his fiancée in Halifax.

Anti-Semitism and the MS St. Louis

Author : Rona Arato
Publisher : James Lorimer & Company
ISBN 13 : 1459415663
Total Pages : 90 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (594 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Anti-Semitism and the MS St. Louis by : Rona Arato

Download or read book Anti-Semitism and the MS St. Louis written by Rona Arato and published by James Lorimer & Company. This book was released on 2021-01-12 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prior to the Second World War, Canada's Jewish community was well established in many cities, including Toronto, Montreal and Winnipeg. As war grew closer, anti-Semitism across Europe was increasing. Hitler's Nazis were spreading hatred and violence towards Jews across Germany. At first, Jews were allowed to leave Germany and thousands escaped to save themselves and their families. Then countries around the world closed their doors to Jewish refugees. In 1939, the MS St. Louis sailed for Cuba with nearly a thousand Jewish men, women, and children looking for safety. They were turned away by Cuba, then the US. The ship sailed on to Canada. Despite pleas from the Canadian Jewish community, the government refused to allow the passengers to land in Canada. After war broke out, Canada continued to refuse Jewish refugees entry. When Britain forced Canada to take some refugees in, Canada imprisoned them in internment camps — alongside Nazis. Some of these Jewish refugees were only teenagers. Three years after the war ended and after the horrors of the Holocaust were universally known, Canada finally changed immigration policies and begin to accept Jews equally with other immigrants. Canada's long history of anti-Semitic immigration policies was deemed shameful. In November 2018, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau made an official apology to the Jewish community for Canada's refusal to accept the passengers of the MS St. Louis, as well as for its historical anti-Semitic policies.

Final Report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Volume One: Summary

Author : Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada
Publisher : James Lorimer & Company
ISBN 13 : 1459410696
Total Pages : 673 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (594 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Final Report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Volume One: Summary by : Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada

Download or read book Final Report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Volume One: Summary written by Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada and published by James Lorimer & Company. This book was released on 2015-07-22 with total page 673 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the Final Report of Canada's Truth and Reconciliation Commission and its six-year investigation of the residential school system for Aboriginal youth and the legacy of these schools. This report, the summary volume, includes the history of residential schools, the legacy of that school system, and the full text of the Commission's 94 recommendations for action to address that legacy. This report lays bare a part of Canada's history that until recently was little-known to most non-Aboriginal Canadians. The Commission discusses the logic of the colonization of Canada's territories, and why and how policy and practice developed to end the existence of distinct societies of Aboriginal peoples. Using brief excerpts from the powerful testimony heard from Survivors, this report documents the residential school system which forced children into institutions where they were forbidden to speak their language, required to discard their clothing in favour of institutional wear, given inadequate food, housed in inferior and fire-prone buildings, required to work when they should have been studying, and subjected to emotional, psychological and often physical abuse. In this setting, cruel punishments were all too common, as was sexual abuse. More than 30,000 Survivors have been compensated financially by the Government of Canada for their experiences in residential schools, but the legacy of this experience is ongoing today. This report explains the links to high rates of Aboriginal children being taken from their families, abuse of drugs and alcohol, and high rates of suicide. The report documents the drastic decline in the presence of Aboriginal languages, even as Survivors and others work to maintain their distinctive cultures, traditions, and governance. The report offers 94 calls to action on the part of governments, churches, public institutions and non-Aboriginal Canadians as a path to meaningful reconciliation of Canada today with Aboriginal citizens. Even though the historical experience of residential schools constituted an act of cultural genocide by Canadian government authorities, the United Nation's declaration of the rights of aboriginal peoples and the specific recommendations of the Commission offer a path to move from apology for these events to true reconciliation that can be embraced by all Canadians.