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Responsibility To Protect Humanitarian Intervention In Africa Case Study Darfur
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Book Synopsis Responsibility to Protect: Humanitarian Intervention in Africa: Case Study - Darfur by : Mehari Fisseha
Download or read book Responsibility to Protect: Humanitarian Intervention in Africa: Case Study - Darfur written by Mehari Fisseha and published by Anchor Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2016-05 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Killing of the innocent, forced displacement of civilian population, large-scale sexual violence, torture, and destroying of civilian property have been going on since the dawn of civilization. Efforts to protect people against grave crimes of such atrocities more effectively, both in peace and war, gradually evolved over the centuries, and then rapidly accelerated after the Second World War. But, for the most part, those horrors were met with indifference, cynicism, or deep disagreement about how to respond to them. As the twenty-first century began, there was still no universally accepted and effective response mechanism in place to protect civilian population. And this is especially true in the case of Darfur.
Book Synopsis Humanitarian Intervention and State Sovereignty: Case Study of Darfur by :
Download or read book Humanitarian Intervention and State Sovereignty: Case Study of Darfur written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis presents a critical analysis of international law on humanitarian intervention using Darfur, Sudan, as a case study. In the 20th century, international law was the perceived hurdle to humanitarian intervention. The international legal debate frames state sovereignty against humanitarian intervention. Within this legal framework, civilians are unprotected from atrocities that remain inside state territorial lines. States could conduct acts of genocide against their own population with impunity. After the intervention in Kosovo and the genocide in Rwanda, international law evolved to allow humanitarian intervention. The international legal debate shifted from state sovereignty against humanitarian intervention to a "Responsibility to Protect." The United States declared the atrocities in Darfur, Sudan, to be genocide in 2004. Four years later, there is still no protection of civilians and over 2 million displaced civilians remain in camps. Where the law has changed there is still a requirement for state interest. Until the genocide in Darfur is a vital state interest, the United States and other western countries will not intervene, regardless of what international law authorizes. If the only limitation on humanitarian intervention in Darfur is the perception that the genocide is not a United States vital interest, the U.S. military should be prepared for the view to change. With the creation of Africa Command, the U.S. military is beginning to view the continent of Africa with more interest. The U.S. military will be more effective if its leaders understand the evolution of the legal framework for humanitarian intervention, how to work within it, and the repercussions for working outside it when state interests change.
Book Synopsis Intervention to Protect Civilians in Darfur by : Kithure Kindiki
Download or read book Intervention to Protect Civilians in Darfur written by Kithure Kindiki and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study argues that the human rights violations in Darfur meet the legal threshold of genocide, war crimes and crimes against humanity and, therefore, justifies forcible humanitarian intervention by any grouping of states whether in or outside the context of the UN or the AU.
Book Synopsis The International Politics of Mass Atrocities by : David R. Black
Download or read book The International Politics of Mass Atrocities written by David R. Black and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2010-01-04 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines the Darfur crisis to address wider debates within IR theory including: the "responsibility to protect", humanitarian intervention, sovereignty, peacekeeping, relationships between the world’s great powers, and international mediation.
Book Synopsis Moral Responsibility, Statecraft and Humanitarian Intervention by : Cathinka Vik
Download or read book Moral Responsibility, Statecraft and Humanitarian Intervention written by Cathinka Vik and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-06-12 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the moral complexity of statecraft in the context of decision-making on armed intervention in the post-Cold War era. This book adds to the debate on humanitarian intervention by analyzing the moral complexity of statecraft when confronted with situations of severe human rights violations. Through a comparative case study of President Bill Clinton administration’s failure to intervene in the Rwanda genocide (1994), the George W. Bush administration’s tepid response to the Darfur atrocities (2003-07), and the Barack Obama administration’s leadership behind the limited U.N. intervention in Libya (2011), it explores the factors – domestic and international – that influence decision-making about humanitarian intervention. These cases show, not only how international moral concerns often compete with interest-based and domestic concerns, but how decision-makers are often confronted by competing moral imperatives. In such situations, it is often not clear which imperatives should be followed. In an increasingly interconnected world, this book examines how we expect state leaders to balance different moral responsibilities. This book will be of much interest to students of humanitarian intervention, the Responsibility to Protect, human rights, US foreign policy, African politics and IR in general.
Book Synopsis The Responsibility to Protect in Darfur by : Abdel Salam Sidahmed
Download or read book The Responsibility to Protect in Darfur written by Abdel Salam Sidahmed and published by Lexington Books. This book was released on 2010-02-15 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Long-simmering conflict in the Sudanese region of Darfur came to a boil in the spring of 2003 and became a focus of American media attention in September 2004. After the genocide in Rwanda the international community developed a new way to deal with genocide-the 'Responsibility to Protect' doctrine which legitimized intervention in case of egregious loss of human life. Despite this new doctrine, it took over five years of conflict in Darfur before the U. N. began intervening. The Responsibility to Protect in Darfur: The Role of Mass Media, traces the development of international intervention in domestic conflict, culminating in the concept of 'Responsibility to Protect' in 2001. The authors explain the background and complexity of the crisis besetting Darfur, and document U.S. media coverage of the crisis in terms of framing that would mobilize public opinion behind international intervention. The book traces evolution in international norms regarding state sovereignty and human rights that led to the articulation of 'Responsibility to Protect' and its subsequent adoption by the international community in 2005. It provides an understanding of the complex nature of the Darfur crises, in a way that was seriously lacking in media coverage. The authors also analyze the affects media coverage of the crisis had on the world's reaction, particularly in the U.S. Specifically it looks at television coverage of the crisis, and the newspaper coverage, particularly through The New York Times. Finally, the authors ask if 'Responsibility to Protect' was helpful in Darfur, and if it will be in the future for other countries.
Book Synopsis Why Humanitarian Aid in Darfur Is Not a Practice by : Jide Okeke
Download or read book Why Humanitarian Aid in Darfur Is Not a Practice written by Jide Okeke and published by . This book was released on 2011-10 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Responsibility to Protect in Darfur by : David Lanz
Download or read book The Responsibility to Protect in Darfur written by David Lanz and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-10-28 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book analyzes the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) in the context of the conflict in Darfur, using detailed empirical evidence. The volume traces Darfur’s evolution from forgotten conflict to a major global cause and back to obscurity. The emergence of a far-reaching international response to the war in Darfur began in 2004 and included the most influential international advocacy movement since the anti-apartheid campaign and one of the world’s largest peacekeeping missions. The book analyzes how Darfur slid back into international obscurity after 2011, despite ongoing violence against civilians and the continued risk of conflict escalation following Omar al-Bashir’s ousting in April 2019. Based on an analysis of more than 100 interviews and over 1,000 media reports, the book examines one of the most pressing questions related to the R2P: why do some situations of mass atrocities cause an international outcry, while others are met with complacency and silence? It argues that the presence or absence of a compelling narrative, which frames a situation in moral terms and unambiguously conveys who is responsible, who suffers, and what should be done, facilitates whether or not sufficient traction will be gained to beget a robust R2P response. This book will be of much interest to students of the Responsibility to Protect, human rights, peacekeeping, conflict resolution, African politics and International Relations in general.
Book Synopsis Evaluating the Responsibility to Protect by : Noële Crossley
Download or read book Evaluating the Responsibility to Protect written by Noële Crossley and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-03-31 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book evaluates the extent to which the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) has consolidated as a norm in international society. A consolidated norm in international society is defined here as a regularised pattern of behaviour that is widely accepted as appropriate within a given social context. The analysis is based on the assumption that the R2P could be regarded as a consolidated norm if it were applied consistently when genocide and other mass atrocities occur; and if international responses routinely conformed to the core principles inherent in the R2P: seeking government consent, multilateralism, prevention and regionalism. This book employs Finnemore and Sikkink’s norm lifecycle model to determine the putative norm’s degree of consolidation, with in-depth case studies of the international responses to crises in Darfur and Kenya serving to illuminate the findings. It advances the argument that, whilst the R2P had fully emerged as a prospective norm by 2005, it has not yet fully consolidated as an international norm. The R2P has been remarkably successful at pervading the international discourse but has been somewhat less successful at consistency in implementation in terms of adherence to its core principles as outlined above (the qualitative dimension of the R2P). Furthermore, it has been least successful, to date, in terms of consistency across cases in terms of resolve and tenacity. The volume concludes with a reflection on the norm's progress so far, and its prospects for further consolidation, assuming the R2P continues on its current trajectory. This book will be of much interest to students of the Responsibility to Protect, humanitarian intervention, international law, security studies and IR.
Download or read book Scramble for Africa written by Kevin Funk and published by Black Rose Books Ltd.. This book was released on 2009 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As massive human suffering continues to engulf the Darfur region of Sudan, the crisis has garnered a rhetorical circus of saber-rattling and hand wringing from Western politicians, media, and activists. Yet such bluster has not halted the violence. In a careful, yet scathing, indictment of this constellation of holier-than-thou government leaders, corporate media outlets, and spoon-fed NGOs, Steven Fake and Kevin Funk reveal the myriad ways in which the West has failed Darfur. Eschewing liberal fantasies of Western benevolence, Fake and Funk unmask the hard reality behind "humanitarian intervention" advocacy, painting a disturbing portrait of Washington's past and present relations with some of the worst elements in power in Khartoum. Book jacket.
Book Synopsis Responding to Mass Atrocities in Africa by : Raymond Kwun-Sun Lau
Download or read book Responding to Mass Atrocities in Africa written by Raymond Kwun-Sun Lau and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-12-14 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the relationship between the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) and the International Criminal Court (ICC), challenging the assumption that they are always mutually reinforcing or complementary, and examining instead the many tensions which arise between the immediate imperative of saving lives, and the more long-term prospect of punishing perpetrators and preventing future conflicts through deterrence. Around the world, audiences in the mid-1990s watched the mass atrocities unfolding in Rwanda and Srebrenica in horror and disbelief. Emerging from these disasters came an international commitment to safeguard and protect vulnerable communities, as laid out in the R2P principle, and an international responsibility to punish perpetrators, with the establishment of the ICC. The book provides context-independent proposals for resolving contradictions between the two principles, suggesting that focusing on timing and sequencing in invoking international R2P and ICC actions could facilitate the easing of tensions. Drawing on examples from Uganda, Kenya, and Darfur, the book applies International Relations concepts and theories in order to deepen our understanding of international responses to mass atrocities. Ultimately the book concludes that a 'Protection First, Justice Later' sequence approach is necessary for managing the tension and facilitating more effective and consistent international responses. This book makes an important contribution to discussions and debates surrounding international responses to genocide and mass atrocities. It will be of special interest to scholars, students and policymakers in International Relations, Global Governance, African Studies, International Development, Human Rights and International Criminal Law.
Book Synopsis Humanitarian Irresponsibility and the R2P Doctrine by : Elizabeth Marks
Download or read book Humanitarian Irresponsibility and the R2P Doctrine written by Elizabeth Marks and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In light of past humanitarian crises and devastating UN missteps, this paper explores the 'Responsibility to Protect' doctrine and its misapplication and subsequent failure to protect the civilians of Darfur against the first genocide of the 21st century. This paper chronicles the evolution of UN peacekeeping, highlighting the 1993 Somalian debacle and humanitarian catastrophes of Rwanda, Bosnia and Kosovo, provided as a means to showcase how political stalemate and delayed military deployment altered the institutional consciousness of the UN and allowed for unnecessary death and displacement. After outlining the 'sovereignty as responsibility' approach, the case of Darfur is presented to demonstrate how a feeble international response and a failure to apply the tenets of responsibility allowed the crisis to stagnate. Although a number of obstacles prevented meaningful political action, the responsibility argument remains sound, with proponents stressing the necessity of correcting conceptual misunderstandings to make the doctrine operational.
Book Synopsis Darfur and Beyond by : Lee Feinstein
Download or read book Darfur and Beyond written by Lee Feinstein and published by Council on Foreign Relations Press. This book was released on 2007-01 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report recommends that the new UN secretary-general take genocide prevention as a mission statement and mandate, and place it at the center of his and his organization's agenda. The report also makes a number of recommendations for the United States and others to build a sustainable capacity for genocide prevention that is substantial enough to deal with inevitable crises, but sustainable given other national security demands.
Book Synopsis Intervention and Sovereignty in Africa by : Irit Back
Download or read book Intervention and Sovereignty in Africa written by Irit Back and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2015-10-19 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In response to the civil war in Darfur, the African Mission in Sudan (AMIS) force was established in May 2004, and by June its first contingents were on the ground. For the first time since the founding of the African Union, a resolution about direct intervention in a conflict that involved wide-ranging abuse of human rights was accepted on a pan-continental level. Here, Irit Back looks at the changes in attitudes towards the ever-problematic tension between the concepts of humanitarian intervention and state sovereignty, using the example of the African Union's intervention in Darfur to illustrate this unique pan-continental approach to conflict resolution and peace-keeping. Additionally, Back analyses the challenges which international task forces, including AMIS and its successor the United Nations-African Union Mission in Darfur (UNAMID), have faced ever since. Including an examination of the situation in the wake of the declaration of independence of South Sudan in 2011, this book offers a unique perspective on the problem of internationally organised intervention in local conflicts.
Book Synopsis Humanitarian Intervention and the Responsibility to Protect by : Cristina Badescu
Download or read book Humanitarian Intervention and the Responsibility to Protect written by Cristina Badescu and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2010-11-23 with total page 477 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores attempts to develop a more acceptable account of the principles and mechanisms associated with humanitarian intervention, which has become known as the ‘Responsibility to Protect’ (R2P). Cases of genocide and mass violence have raised endless debates about the theory and practice of humanitarian intervention to save innocent lives. Since the humanitarian tragedies in Rwanda, Burundi, Bosnia, Kosovo and elsewhere, states have begun advocating a right to undertake interventions to stop mass violations of human rights from occurring. Their central concern rests with whether the UN’s current regulations on the use of force meet the challenges of the post-Cold War world, and in particular the demands of addressing humanitarian emergencies. International actors tend to agree that killing civilians as a necessary part of state formation is no longer acceptable, nor is standing by idly in the face of massive violations of human rights. And yet, respect for the sovereign rights of states remains central among the ordering principles of the international community. How can populations affected by egregious human rights violations be protected? How can the legal constraints on the use of force and respect for state sovereignty be reconciled with the international community’s willingness and readiness to take action in such instances? And more importantly, how can protection be offered when the Security Council, which is responsible for authorizing the use of force when threats to international peace and security occur, is paralyzed? The author addresses these issues, arguing that R2P is the best framework available at present to move the humanitarian intervention debate forward. This book will be of interest to students of the responsibility to protect, war and conflict studies, human security, international organisations, security studies and IR in general.
Book Synopsis The Routledge Handbook of the Responsibility to Protect by : W. Andy Knight
Download or read book The Routledge Handbook of the Responsibility to Protect written by W. Andy Knight and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-06-25 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Handbook offers a comprehensive examination of the Responsibility to Protect norm in world politics, which aims to end mass atrocities against civilians. The Responsibility to Protect (R2P) is amongst the most significant norms in global politics. As the authoritative guide to R2P, this edited volume gathers together the most respected and insightful voices to address key issues related to this emerging norm. The contributing authors do this over the course of three parts: Part I: The Concept of R2P Part II: Developing and Operationalising R2P Part III: The view from Over Here This book will be of much interest to students of R2P, humanitarian intervention, genocide, human rights, international law, peace studies, international organisations, security studies and IR.
Book Synopsis Humanitarian Intervention after Kosovo by : Aidan Hehir
Download or read book Humanitarian Intervention after Kosovo written by Aidan Hehir and published by Springer. This book was released on 2008-10-09 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When should the international community intervene to prevent suffering within sovereign states? This book argues that since Kosovo, the normative thesis has failed to influence international politics, as evidenced by events in Iraq and Darfur. This critique rejects realism and offers a new perspective on this important issue.
