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Resolving Semantic Ambiguity
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Book Synopsis Resolving Semantic Ambiguity by : David S. Gorfein
Download or read book Resolving Semantic Ambiguity written by David S. Gorfein and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Resolving Semantic Ambiguity arrrays the work of leading theorists on the issues surrounding the meaning and interpretation of ambiguous text. The chapters are organized around three major themes: (1) retrieval, (2) representation of words, and (3) text as a context. The book offers a number of new challenges to the role of context in language processing, some striking new evidence on the repetition of homographs in different contexts, and new approaches to resolution capable of being incorporated into either modular or network models. In several papers the problem of ambiguity is extended to include the problem of weak ambiguity and understanding text themes. The book provides a unique starting point for researchers approaching the problems of meaning in cognitive science, psychology, and computational linguistics.
Book Synopsis Semantic Interpretation and the Resolution of Ambiguity by : Graeme Hirst
Download or read book Semantic Interpretation and the Resolution of Ambiguity written by Graeme Hirst and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1987 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Semantic interpretation and the resolution of ambiguity presents an important advance in computer understanding of natural language. While parsing techniques have been greatly improved in recent years, the approach to semantics has generally improved in recent years, the approach to semantics has generally been ad hoc and had little theoretical basis. Graeme Hirst offers a new, theoretically motivated foundation for conceptual analysis by computer, and shows how this framework facilitates the resolution of lexical and syntactic ambiguities. His approach is interdisciplinary, drawing on research in computational linguistics, artificial intelligence, montague semantics, and cognitive psychology.
Author :Hinrich Schütze Publisher :Center for the Study of Language and Information Publications ISBN 13 :9781575860749 Total Pages :230 pages Book Rating :4.8/5 (67 download)
Book Synopsis Ambiguity Resolution in Language Learning by : Hinrich Schütze
Download or read book Ambiguity Resolution in Language Learning written by Hinrich Schütze and published by Center for the Study of Language and Information Publications. This book was released on 1997-05-13 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is concerned with how ambiguity and ambiguity resolution are learned, that is, with the acquisition of the different representations of ambiguous linguistic forms and the knowledge necessary for selecting among them in context. Schütze concentrates on how the acquisition of ambiguity is possible in principle and demonstrates that particular types of algorithms and learning architectures (such as unsupervised clustering and neural networks) can succeed at the task. Three types of lexical ambiguity are treated: ambiguity in syntactic categorisation, semantic categorisation, and verbal subcategorisation. The volume presents three different models of ambiguity acquisition: Tag Space, Word Space, and Subcat Learner, and addresses the importance of ambiguity in linguistic representation and its relevance for linguistic innateness.
Book Synopsis Bilingual Lexical Ambiguity Resolution by : Roberto R. Heredia
Download or read book Bilingual Lexical Ambiguity Resolution written by Roberto R. Heredia and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-01-02 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sets out state-of-the-art methodological and theoretical advancements to shed light on how bilingual speakers comprehend ambiguous information.
Author :Kees van Deemter Publisher :Center for the Study of Language and Information Publications ISBN 13 :9781575860282 Total Pages :296 pages Book Rating :4.8/5 (62 download)
Book Synopsis Semantic Ambiguity and Underspecification by : Kees van Deemter
Download or read book Semantic Ambiguity and Underspecification written by Kees van Deemter and published by Center for the Study of Language and Information Publications. This book was released on 1996-02-23 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the winter of 1993-1994, essays were commissioned on the topic of ambiguity and underspecification. All papers received were subjected to a thorough review process. The present volume, comprising ten self-contained papers and an introductory chapter, is the result. Natural language is known for the ambiguity of its expressions. Whereas artificial forms of communication tend to be designed in such a way that ambiguity is reduced to a minimum, natural language is ambiguous at various 'levels' of interpretation. At a low (e.g., speech recognition) level, a signal can be ambiguous between various utterances; at a higher (semantic) level, a fully recognised utterance can be used to express various different propositions; and at an even higher (pragmatic) level, a proposition may be used for various different purposes. The present volume focuses on ambiguities of the second kind, which are sometimes called semantic ambiguities, or mostly just ambiguities, when there is no likelihood of confusion.
Book Synopsis Lexical Ambiguity Resolution by : Steven L. Small
Download or read book Lexical Ambiguity Resolution written by Steven L. Small and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 529 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The most frequently used words in English are highly ambiguous; for example, Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary lists 94 meanings for the word "run" as a verb alone. Yet people rarely notice this ambiguity. Solving this puzzle has commanded the efforts of cognitive scientists for many years. The solution most often identified is "context": we use the context of utterance to determine the proper meanings of words and sentences. The problem then becomes specifying the nature of context and how it interacts with the rest of an understanding system. The difficulty becomes especially apparent in the attempt to write a computer program to understand natural language. Lexical ambiguity resolution (LAR), then, is one of the central problems in natural language and computational semantics research. A collection of the best research on LAR available, this volume offers eighteen original papers by leading scientists. Part I, Computer Models, describes nine attempts to discover the processes necessary for disambiguation by implementing programs to do the job. Part II, Empirical Studies, goes into the laboratory setting to examine the nature of the human disambiguation mechanism and the structure of ambiguity itself. A primary goal of this volume is to propose a cognitive science perspective arising out of the conjunction of work and approaches from neuropsychology, psycholinguistics, and artificial intelligence--thereby encouraging a closer cooperation and collaboration among these fields. Lexical Ambiguity Resolution is a valuable and accessible source book for students and cognitive scientists in AI, psycholinguistics, neuropsychology, or theoretical linguistics.
Author :David S. Gorfein Publisher :Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg Gmbh & Company Kg ISBN 13 : Total Pages :364 pages Book Rating :4.F/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Resolving Semantic Ambiguity by : David S. Gorfein
Download or read book Resolving Semantic Ambiguity written by David S. Gorfein and published by Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg Gmbh & Company Kg. This book was released on 1989 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Resolving Semantic Ambiguity arrrays the work of leading theorists on the issues surrounding the meaning and interpretation of ambiguous text. The chapters are organized around three major themes: (1) retrieval, (2) representation of words, and (3) text as a context. The book offers a number of new challenges to the role of context in language processing, some striking new evidence on the repetition of homographs in different contexts, and new approaches to resolution capable of being incorporated into either modular or network models. In several papers the problem of ambiguity is extended to include the problem of weak ambiguity and understanding text themes. The book provides a unique starting point for researchers approaching the problems of meaning in cognitive science, psychology, and computational linguistics.
Book Synopsis On the Consequences of Meaning Selection by : David S. Gorfein
Download or read book On the Consequences of Meaning Selection written by David S. Gorfein and published by Amer Psychological Assn. This book was released on 2001-01-01 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contributors present the latest research in a relatively new area in the study of comprehension and discourse processes--lexically ambiguous words, how they are accessed, and how meaning is derived. Investigators describe the current state of knowledge and theory regarding the role that words play in the comprehension.
Download or read book Semantics written by James R. Hurford and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1983-04-28 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduces the major elements of semantics in a simple, step-by-step fashion. Sections of explanation and examples are followed by practice exercises with answers and comment provided.
Book Synopsis Natural Language Processing and Information Retrieval by : Tanveer Siddiqui
Download or read book Natural Language Processing and Information Retrieval written by Tanveer Siddiqui and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2008-05 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Natural Language Processing and Information Retrieval is a textbook designed to meet the requirements of engineering students pursuing undergraduate and postgraduate programs in computer science and information technology. The book attempts to bridge the gap between theory and practice and would also serve as a useful reference for professionals and researchers working on language-related projects.
Book Synopsis Understanding Word and Sentence by : G.B. Simpson
Download or read book Understanding Word and Sentence written by G.B. Simpson and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1991-01-14 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research concerning structure and processing in the mental lexicon has achieved central prominence within cognitive psychology and psycholinguistics. Historically, however, much of the research on the lexicon focussed not on its role in language comprehension, but as a medium for studying semantic memory. This picture has changed in recent years, with much more research examining the role of lexical processes and output in language comprehension.Gathered together in this volume is the work of some of those researchers who are responsible for this shift of emphasis. Chapters deal with the role of sentence contexts in word recognition, processes involved in the activation and enhancement of lexical information, and the interaction of lexical and syntactic information in sentence processing. A wide range of theoretical and empirical issues relating to language understanding are discussed.
Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Psycholinguistics by : M. Gareth Gaskell
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Psycholinguistics written by M. Gareth Gaskell and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2007 with total page 880 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ability to communicate through spoken and written language is one of the defining characteristics of the human race, yet it remains a deeply mysterious process. The young science of psycholinguistics attempts to uncover the mechanisms and representations underlying human language. This interdisciplinary field has seen massive developments over the past decade, with a broad expansion of the research base, and the incorporation of new experimental techniques such as brain imaging and computational modelling. The result is that real progress is being made in the understanding of the key components of language in the mind. The Oxford Handbook of Psycholinguistics brings together the views of 75 leading researchers in psycholinguistics to provide a comprehensive and authoritative review of the current state of the art in psycholinguistics. With almost 50 chapters written by experts in the field, the range and depth of coverage is unequalled. The contributors are eminent in a wide range of fields, including psychology, linguistics, human memory, cognitive neuroscience, bilingualism, genetics, development and neuropsychology. Their contributions are organised into six themed sections, covering word recognition, the mental lexicon, comprehension and discourse, language production, language development, and perspectives on psycholinguistics. The breadth of coverage, coupled with the accessibility of the short chapter format should make the handbook essential reading for both students and researchers in the fields of psychology, linguistics and neuroscience.
Book Synopsis Goal-driven Learning by : Ashwin Ram
Download or read book Goal-driven Learning written by Ashwin Ram and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1995 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Brings together a diversity of research on goal-driven learning to establish a broad, interdisciplinary framework that describes the goal-driven learning process. In cognitive science, artificial intelligence, psychology, and education, a growing body of research supports the view that the learning process is strongly influenced by the learner's goals. The fundamental tenet of goal-driven learning is that learning is largely an active and strategic process in which the learner, human or machine, attempts to identify and satisfy its information needs in the context of its tasks and goals, its prior knowledge, its capabilities, and environmental opportunities for learning. This book brings together a diversity of research on goal-driven learning to establish a broad, interdisciplinary framework that describes the goal-driven learning process. It collects and solidifies existing results on this important issue in machine and human learning and presents a theoretical framework for future investigations. The book opens with an an overview of goal-driven learning research and computational and cognitive models of the goal-driven learning process. This introduction is followed by a collection of fourteen recent research articles addressing fundamental issues of the field, including psychological and functional arguments for modeling learning as a deliberative, planful process; experimental evaluation of the benefits of utility-based analysis to guide decisions about what to learn; case studies of computational models in which learning is driven by reasoning about learning goals; psychological evidence for human goal-driven learning; and the ramifications of goal-driven learning in educational contexts. The second part of the book presents six position papers reflecting ongoing research and current issues in goal-driven learning. Issues discussed include methods for pursuing psychological studies of goal-driven learning, frameworks for the design of active and multistrategy learning systems, and methods for selecting and balancing the goals that drive learning. A Bradford Book
Book Synopsis A Practical Guide to Drafting Contracts by : Cynthia M. Adams
Download or read book A Practical Guide to Drafting Contracts written by Cynthia M. Adams and published by Aspen Publishing. This book was released on 2020-02-02 with total page 387 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From concept to closure, A Practical Guide to Drafting Contracts provides detailed instruction for drafting contracts. Moreover, it teaches readers how to adapt existing contracts and forms to the specific needs of their client--as is frequently done by lawyers in legal practice. Step-by-step instruction and examples unpack the purpose of each provision for a wide range of contracts and integrate the basic principles that apply to both domestic and international transactions. Practice exercises further develop students’ drafting skills, as well as their working knowledge of the language and syntax of contract law. New to the Second Edition: Enhanced coverage of negotiating and drafting contracts in the United States Mind-mapping exercises that help learners think deeply about key contract provisions and their effect on other important aspects of the contract New contract simulations and drafting exercises Clear signposting of text and exercises specifically written for non-native speakers Professors and students will benefit from: Step-by-step instruction through the entire drafting process In-depth explanations and helpful examples Insights into the strategic decisions behind drafting contracts Hands-on exercises that: Raise awareness of commonly occurring contract provisions Encourage use of phrasing appropriate to audience and purpose Build familiarity with the legal principles of contracts Provide practice modifying forms and contracts drafted by other parties Discussion of U.S. law regarding key contract provisions and drafting issues Online Student Resources including: Additional exercises A wealth of sample APA contracts, Consulting Agreements, and Distribution Contracts that students are encouraged to mine for appropriate language and provisions in the process of drafting new contracts
Download or read book Formal Grammar written by Robert Levine and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1992-03-05 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second volume in the Vancouver Studies in Cognitive Science series, this collection presents recent work in the fields of phonology, morphology, semantics, and neurolinguistics. Its overall theme is the relationship between the contents of grammatical formalisms and their real-time realizations in machine or biological systems. Individual essays address such topics as learnability, implementability, computational issues, parameter setting, and neurolinguistic issues. Contributors include Janet Dean Fodor, Richard T. Oehrle, Bob Carpenter, Edward P. Stabler, Elan Dresher, Arnold Zwicky, Mary-Louis Kean, and Lewis P. Shapiro.
Book Synopsis Idioms and Ambiguity in Context by : Wiltrud Wagner
Download or read book Idioms and Ambiguity in Context written by Wiltrud Wagner and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2020-11-09 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present study explores the aesthetic productivity of idiomatic ambiguity in children’s literature. Looking at the connection between context and understanding of idiomatic expressions in either their phrasal or their compositional reading, the study investigates how ambiguity is activated, if, how, and when it is perceived on the different levels of communication, and how literary texts use this ambiguity in playful ways.
Book Synopsis Interference and Inhibition in Cognition by : Charles J. Brainerd
Download or read book Interference and Inhibition in Cognition written by Charles J. Brainerd and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1995-02-08 with total page 443 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Life scientists have long been familiar with the notion of interference and inhibition in biological systems 3/4 most notably in the neuron. Now these concepts have been applied to cognitive psychology to explain processes in attention, learning, memory, comprehension, and reasoning. Presenting an overview of research findings in this realm, Interference and Inhibition in Cognition discusses what processes are sensitive to interference, individual differences in interference sensitivity, and how age and experience factor into one's ability to inhibit interference. - Provides empirical and theoretical perspectives - Discusses how inhibition and interference change with age and experience - Illustrates the ways in which interference affects language processing, attention, perception, learning, and memory
