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Author : D. B. Knorr
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 69 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (528 download)
Download or read book Fuel Performance Improvement Program written by D. B. Knorr and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Research on Mechanisms of Stress Corrosion Cracking in Zircaloy written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The results of internal gas pressurization tests, primarily at 320°C, on cladding tubes from two suppliers, Supplier A and Supplier B, are presented. The two lots show a substantial difference in iodine SCC susceptibility so a test matrix is used to resolve the relative contributions of surface condition, residual stress, and texture. Additional tests with constant deflection split-ring specimens and with unstressed cladding segments are used to understand crack initiation and the early crack growth stages of SCC. The difference in SCC susceptibility is due to crystallographic texture. Other variables such as surface finish, stress relief temperature, and residual stress have little or no effect. Mechanical properties, crack initiation, and crack propagation all depend on texture. Both initiation and propagation features are analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. A mechanism for crack initiation consistent with most observations in this study and with the work of other investigators is proposed. At 320°C, lifetime is crack initiation limited while several tests at 390°C indicate that lifetime is less initiation limited at higher temperature. 31 figures, 9 tables.
Author : AO. Dorado
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 17 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (125 download)
Download or read book Grain-by-Grain Study of the Mechanisms of Crack Propagation During Iodine Stress Corrosion Cracking of Zircaloy-4 written by AO. Dorado and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper describes the tests conducted to determine the conditions leading to cracking of a specified grain of metal, during the iodine stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of zirconium alloys, focusing on the crystallographic orientation of crack paths, the critical stress conditions, and the significance of the fractographic features encountered. In order to perform crystalline orientation of fracture surfaces, a specially heat-treated Zircaloy-4 having very large grains, grown up to the wall thickness, was used. Careful orientation work has proved that intracrystalline pseudo-cleavage occurs only along basal planes. The effects of anisotropy, plasticity, triaxiality, and residual stresses originated in thermal contraction have to be considered to account for the influence of the stress state. A grain-by-grain calculation led to the conclusion that transgranular cracking always takes place on those bearing the maximum resolved tensile stress perpendicular to basal planes. Propagation along twin boundaries has been identified among the different fracture modes encountered.
Author : V S Raja
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0857093762
Total Pages : 817 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (57 download)
Download or read book Stress Corrosion Cracking written by V S Raja and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-09-22 with total page 817 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The problem of stress corrosion cracking (SCC), which causes sudden failure of metals and other materials subjected to stress in corrosive environment(s), has a significant impact on a number of sectors including the oil and gas industries and nuclear power production. Stress corrosion cracking reviews the fundamentals of the phenomenon as well as examining stress corrosion behaviour in specific materials and particular industries. The book is divided into four parts. Part one covers the mechanisms of SCC and hydrogen embrittlement, while the focus of part two is on methods of testing for SCC in metals. Chapters in part three each review the phenomenon with reference to a specific material, with a variety of metals, alloys and composites discussed, including steels, titanium alloys and polymer composites. In part four, the effect of SCC in various industries is examined, with chapters covering subjects such as aerospace engineering, nuclear reactors, utilities and pipelines. With its distinguished editors and international team of contributors, Stress corrosion cracking is an essential reference for engineers and designers working with metals, alloys and polymers, and will be an invaluable tool for any industries in which metallic components are exposed to tension, corrosive environments at ambient and high temperatures. Examines the mechanisms of stress corrosion cracking (SCC) presenting recognising testing methods and materials resistant to SCC Assesses the effect of SCC on particular metals featuring steel, stainless steel, nickel-based alloys, magnesium alloys, copper-based alloys and welds in steels Reviews the monitoring and management of SCC and the affect of SCC in different industries such as petrochemical and aerospace
Author : Russell H. Jones
Publisher : ASM International(OH)
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 466 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Stress-corrosion Cracking written by Russell H. Jones and published by ASM International(OH). This book was released on 1992 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Details the many conditions under which stress-corrosion cracking (SCC) can occur, the parameters which control SCC, and the methodologies for mitigating and testing for SCC, plus information on mechanisms of SCC with experimental data on a variety of materials. Contains information about environmen
Author : A. Garlick
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (141 download)
Download or read book Stress-corrosion cracking of zircaloy in iodine; a probable failure mechanism in water reactor fuel pins written by A. Garlick and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Rajan Deshmukh
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 54 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (176 download)
Download or read book A Possible Mechanism of Crack Initiation in Zirconium that Leads to Observed Stress Corrosion Cracking in Nuclear Fuel Rods written by Rajan Deshmukh and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Stress Corrosion Cracking of Zirconium in Nitric Acid written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The susceptibility of zirconium and its common alloys to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in nitric acid was investigated by slow strain-rate and constant deflection techniques. Cracking occurred at 25°C over a wide range of acid concentrations and electrochemical potentials. The crack velocity increased slightly with increasing temperature. The failure mode was transgranular and the morphology was similar to SCC failures of zirconium alloys in other environments. The fracture was very orientation-dependent suggesting that it occurs on a single crystallographic plane in the material. The results of the study are not consistent with a hydrogen mechanism for cracking.
Author : L. Rouillon
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 22 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (125 download)
Download or read book Failure Mechanisms of Irradiated Zr Alloys Related to PCI written by L. Rouillon and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The impact of irradiation damage accumulated in fuel claddings on their mechanical behavior and their susceptibility to iodine-induced stress corrosion cracking (I-SCC) was studied in irradiated zirconium and standard Zircaloy-4 sheets subjected to interrupted tension tests in methanol/iodine solutions and in an inert environment. The study of the I-SCC cracks has been carried out by SEM, while the characterization of the irradiation defects and the activated slip systems used TEM.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 53 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)
Download or read book Potential Corrosion and Degradation Mechanisms of Zircaloy Cladding on Spent Nuclear Fuel in a Tuff Repository written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A literature review and analysis were made of corrosion and degradation processes applicable to Zircaloy cladding on spent nuclear fuel in a tuff repository. In particular, lifetime sought for the Zircaloy is 10,000 years. Among the potential failure mechanisms examined were: oxidation by steam, air, and water, including the effects of ions whose presence is anticipated in the water; mechanical overload; stress (creep) rupture; stress-corrosion cracking (SCC); and delayed failure due to hydride cracking. The conclusion is that failure due to oxidation is not credible, although a few experiments are suggested to confirm the effect of aqueous fluoride on the Zircaloy cladding. Mechanical overload is not a problem, and failure from stress-rupture does not appear likely based on a modified Larson-Miller analysis. Analysis shows that delayed hydride cracking is not anticipated for the bulk of spent fuel pins. However, for a minority of pins under high stress, there is some uncertainty in the analysis as a result of: (1) uncertainty about crack depths in spent fuel claddings and (2) the effect of slow cooling on the formation of radially oriented hydride precipitates. Experimental resolution is called for. Finally, insufficient information is currently available on stress-corrosion cracking. While evidence is presented that SCC failure is not likely to occur, it is difficult to demonstrate this conclusively because the process is not clearly understood and data are limited. Further experimental work on SCC susceptibility is especially needed.
Author : Karen Kruska
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 196 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (953 download)
Download or read book Understanding the Mechanisms of Stress Corrosion Cracking written by Karen Kruska and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : A. J. Rothman
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 49 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (1 download)
Download or read book Potential Corrosion and Degradation Mechanisms of Zircaloy Cladding on Spent Nuclear Fuel in a Tuff Repository written by A. J. Rothman and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A literature review and analysis were made of corrosion and degradation processes applicable to Zircaloy cladding on spent nuclear fuel in a tuff repository. In particular, lifetime sought for the Zircaloy is 10,000 years. Among the potential failure mechanisms examined were: oxidation by steam, air, and water, including the effects of ions whose presence is anticipated in the water; mechanical overload; stress (creep) rupture; stress-corrosion cracking (SCC); and delayed failure due to hydride cracking. The conclusion is that failure due to oxidation is not credible, although a few experiments are suggested to confirm the effect of aqueous fluoride on the Zircaloy cladding. Mechanical overload is not a problem, and failure from stress-rupture does not appear likely based on a modified Larson-Miller analysis. Analysis shows that delayed hydride cracking is not anticipated for the bulk of spent fuel pins. However, for a minority of pins under high stress, there is some uncertainty in the analysis as a result of: (1) uncertainty about crack depths in spent fuel claddings and (2) the effect of slow cooling on the formation of radially oriented hydride precipitates. Experimental resolution is called for. Finally, insufficient information is currently available on stress-corrosion cracking. While evidence is presented that SCC failure is not likely to occur, it is difficult to demonstrate this conclusively because the process is not clearly understood and data are limited. Further experimental work on SCC susceptibility is especially needed.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 906 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (3 download)
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 906 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Semiannual, with semiannual and annual indexes. References to all scientific and technical literature coming from DOE, its laboratories, energy centers, and contractors. Includes all works deriving from DOE, other related government-sponsored information, and foreign nonnuclear information. Arranged under 39 categories, e.g., Biomedical sciences, basic studies; Biomedical sciences, applied studies; Health and safety; and Fusion energy. Entry gives bibliographical information and abstract. Corporate, author, subject, report number indexes.
Author : Shih-hsiung Shann
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 300 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (833 download)
Download or read book Radiation Enhancement of Stress Corrosion Cracking of Zircaloy written by Shih-hsiung Shann and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : B. Cox
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (141 download)
Download or read book Recent studies of crack initiation during stress corrosion cracking of zirconium alloys written by B. Cox and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Vlad Podgurschi
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (128 download)
Download or read book Investigating Iodine-stress Corrosion Cracking of Zirconium Using Quantum Mechanics and Atomistic Simulations written by Vlad Podgurschi and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 28 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)
Download or read book Modeling of Zircaloy Cladding Degradation Under Repository Conditions written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two potential degradation mechanisms, creep and stress corrosion cracking, of Zircaloy cladding during repository storage of spent nuclear fuel have been investigated. The deformation and fracture map methodology has been used to predict maximum allowable initial storage temperatures to achieve a thousand year life without rupture as a function of spent-fuel history. A stress analysis of fuel rods has been performed. Stresses in the outer zirconium oxide layer and the inner Zircaloy tube have been predicted for typical internal pressurization, oxide layer thickness, volume expansion from formation of the oxide layer and thermal expansion coefficients of the cladding and oxide. Stress relaxation occurring in-reactor has also been taken into account. The calculations indicate that for the anticipated storage conditions investigated, the outer zirconium oxide layer is in a state of compression thus making it unlikely that stress corrosion cracking of the exterior surface will occur. 20 refs., 6 figs., 9 tabs.
