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Research Development And Innovation In The Ussr
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Book Synopsis The Financing of Research, Development, and Innovation in the U.S.S.R., by Type of Performer by : Louvan E. Nolting
Download or read book The Financing of Research, Development, and Innovation in the U.S.S.R., by Type of Performer written by Louvan E. Nolting and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The 1968 Reform of Scientific Research, Development, and Innovation in the U.S.S.R. by : Louvan E. Nolting
Download or read book The 1968 Reform of Scientific Research, Development, and Innovation in the U.S.S.R. written by Louvan E. Nolting and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Financing of Research, Development, and Innovation in the U.S.S.R. by : Louvan E. Nolting
Download or read book Financing of Research, Development, and Innovation in the U.S.S.R. written by Louvan E. Nolting and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Comparative Economics of Research Development and Innovation in East and West by : Professor Philip Hanson
Download or read book The Comparative Economics of Research Development and Innovation in East and West written by Professor Philip Hanson and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2013-07-04 with total page 113 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A systematic comparison of the institutions and incentive systems governing the processes of technological invention, innovation and diffusion in advanced market and centrally planned economies.
Book Synopsis The Planning of Research, Development, and Innovation in U.S.S.R. by : Louvan E. Nolting
Download or read book The Planning of Research, Development, and Innovation in U.S.S.R. written by Louvan E. Nolting and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Totalitarian Science and Technology by : Paul R. Josephson
Download or read book Totalitarian Science and Technology written by Paul R. Josephson and published by Humanity Books. This book was released on 2005 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: No Marketing Blurb
Book Synopsis Soviet Economic Development from Lenin to Khrushchev by : Robert William Davies
Download or read book Soviet Economic Development from Lenin to Khrushchev written by Robert William Davies and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1998-03-28 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive survey of Soviet economic development from 1917 to 1965 in the context of the pre-revolutionary economy. In these years the Soviet Union negotiated the first stages of modern industrialisation and then, after the defeat of Nazi Germany and its allies, emerged as one of the two world superpowers. This was also the first attempt to construct a planned socialist order. These developments resulted in great economic achievements at great human cost. Using the results of recent Russian and Western research, Professor Davies discusses the inherent faults and strengths of the system, and pays particular attention to the major controversies. Was the Russian Revolution doomed to failure from the outset? Could the mixed economy of the 1920s have led to a democratic socialist economy? What was the influence of Soviet economic development on the rest of the world?
Book Synopsis The Development Century by : Stephen J. Macekura
Download or read book The Development Century written by Stephen J. Macekura and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-09-06 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offers cutting-edge perspectives on how international development has shaped the global history of the modern world.
Book Synopsis Know Your Enemy by : David C. Engerman
Download or read book Know Your Enemy written by David C. Engerman and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2009-11-20 with total page 473 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As World War II ended, few Americans in government or universities knew much about the Soviet Union. As David Engerman shows in this book, a network of scholars, soldiers, spies, and philanthropists created an enterprise known as Soviet Studies to fill in this dangerous gap in American knowledge. This group brought together some of the nation's best minds from the left, right, and center, colorful and controversial individuals ranging from George Kennan to Margaret Mead to Zbigniew Brzezinski, not to mention historians Sheila Fitzpatrick and Richard Pipes. Together they created the knowledge that helped fight the Cold War and define Cold War thought. Soviet Studies became a vibrant intellectual enterprise, studying not just the Soviet threat, but Soviet society and culture at a time when many said that these were contradictions in terms, as well as Russian history and literature. And this broad network, Engerman argues, forever changed the relationship between the government and academe, connecting the Pentagon with the ivory tower in ways that still matter today.
Book Synopsis Allocating Federal Funds for Science and Technology by : National Research Council
Download or read book Allocating Federal Funds for Science and Technology written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1995-11-22 with total page 107 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States faces a new challengeâ€"maintaining the vitality of its system for supporting science and technology despite fiscal stringency during the next several years. To address this change, the Senate Appropriations Committee requested a report from the National Academies of Sciences and Engineering and the Institute of Medicine to address "the criteria that should be used in judging the appropriate allocation of funds to research and development activities; to examine the appropriate balance among different types of institutions that conduct such research; and to look at the means of assuring continued objectivity in the allocation process." In this eagerly-awaited book, a committee of experts selected by the National Academies and the Institute responds with 13 recommendations that propose a new budgeting process and formulates a series of questions to address during that process. The committee also makes corollary recommendations about merit review, government oversight, linking research and development to government missions, the synergy between research and education, and other topics. The recommendations are aimed at rooting out obsolete and inadequate activities to free resources from good programs for even better ones, in the belief that "science and technology will be at least as important in the future as they have been in the past in dealing with problems that confront the nation." The authoring committee of this book was chaired by Frank Press, former President of the National Academy of Sciences (1981-1993) and Presidential Science and Technology Advisor (1977-1981).
Book Synopsis Cooperation In Science And Technology by : Catherine P. Ailes
Download or read book Cooperation In Science And Technology written by Catherine P. Ailes and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-04-17 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S.-USSR Agreement on Cooperation in the Fields of Science and Technology (the S&T Agreement), a major program of scientific and technical cooperation with the Soviet Union, brought about a broadening of the scope of cooperation and an increase in the number of scientists participating in such exchanges. This book takes a retrospective look at the U.S. experience under the agreement. The background, objectives, organizational arrangements, and evaluations of specific projects are examined within the context of the scientific community and the concerns of the two governments. The authors discuss the relative success of the agreement and propose ways in which the scientific and political benefits could be increased.
Book Synopsis The Soviet Biological Weapons Program and Its Legacy in Today's Russia by : Raymond A. Zilinskas
Download or read book The Soviet Biological Weapons Program and Its Legacy in Today's Russia written by Raymond A. Zilinskas and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2017-02-04 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In its first Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) Case Study, the Center for the Study of Weapons of Mass Destruction (CSWMD) at the National Defense University examined President Richard M. Nixon's decision, on November 25, 1969, to terminate the U.S. offensive biological weapons program. This occasional paper seeks to explain why the Soviet government, at approximately the same time, decided to do essentially the opposite, namely, to establish a large biological warfare (BW) program that would be driven by newly discovered and powerful biotechnologies. By introducing the innovation of recombinant DNA technology - commonly referred to as genetic engineering - the Soviets were attempting to create bacterial and viral strains that were more useful for military purposes than were strains found in nature. In historical terms, the Soviet BW program had two so-called "generations," defined as distinct periods of time during which types of weapons were developed from earlier types. The first generation of the Soviet BW program commenced about 1928 and was based on naturally occurring pathogens that had caused devastating epidemics during World War I and the subsequent Russian Civil War. The second generation began approximately in 1972 when the decision was made at the highest political level to institute a research and development (R&D) system that utilized newly discovered techniques of genetic engineering to create novel or enhanced bacterial and viral strains that were better adapted for BW purposes than strains found in nature. President Boris Yeltsin ordered the cessation of the offensive BW program some months after the Soviet Union dissolved in December 1991 and in 1992 publically stated that it had conducted an offensive BW program in violation of the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention. However, after Vladimir Putin was elected president, high-level Russian officials have lied about the Soviet BW program, stating that it was strictly a defensive program that had not broken international law. As is discussed later in this paper, elements of the Soviet offensive BW program continue in Russia and may provide the basis for a third-generation BW program supported by the current leadership. The first section of this paper describes the Soviet BW program's first generation, including its establishment, work plan and operations, and accomplishments. The second section focuses on "establishing the conditions" for the Soviet decision that was made sometime during 1969-1971 to establish and operate the second generation BW program. Conditions that are considered include the geopolitical challenges as perceived by the Soviet government, the decision making process for military acquisitions, and the inferior state of the biosciences in the Soviet Union at that time, which stimulated Soviet bioscientists to "play the military card" in order to introduce genetic engineering into the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics' (USSR's) bioscience establishment. The final section has two sub-sections. The first summarizes the key factors that drove Soviet decisionmaking in the early 1970s to institute a huge offensive BW program. The second informs readers that even before Vladimir Putin was elected president for the second time, he openly stated that new weapons were to be developed using high technologies including "genetics." Based on this promise, and considering the secrecy that still keeps the military biological institutes and anti-plague institutes closed to outsiders, the paper discusses the possibility that the Putin administration may institute a third generation BW program. The appendix consists of a short biography of the Soviet general Yefim Ivanovich Smirnov who was for many years in charge of the Soviet BW program.
Book Synopsis Technology, Culture and Development by : James P. Scanlan
Download or read book Technology, Culture and Development written by James P. Scanlan and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-09-16 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although scholars have devoted much attention to the impact of technology on society, they have tended to slight the question of how technology is affected by social systems. The authors of this volume take precisely this approach in their examination of the "Soviet model" of development. The book surveys the history and current state of science and technology in the USSR and its former satellites. It then looks at the economic environment for technological innovation and examines the impact of the "energy shock" in the transitional economies of the region. Finally, it discusses the ecological devastation of the USSR and Eastern Europe, its connection with the "Soviet model" and the prospects for remediation. The central argument of the book is that the cultural and social factors and the legacy of the Soviet model will inevitable figure in the reconstruction of the East.
Book Synopsis National Security Issues of the USSR by : Murray Feshbach
Download or read book National Security Issues of the USSR written by Murray Feshbach and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: LORD CARRINGTON Secretary General, North Atla/ltic Treaty Orga/lisation In providing a foreword to this volume, I have to declare an interest. I was, and am still, an enthusiastic advocate of the idea of having a resident Sovietologist at NATO headquarters, Indeed, I wondered how the work of the organisation had been done for so long without the benefit of a resident expert on a subject of such crucial interest. I was therefore delighted when an American academic of high reputation, Murray Feshbach, joined us as our first Sovietologist. I was also encouraged that he decided to organise last November a Workshop in which NATO staff could take part and which would attract prestigious participants from all the countries of this alliance, I saw for myself the high level of interest created by the Workshop, and judge it to have a very considerable success, I hope there will be other similar events in the future, There is no doubt that, in the light of the series of developments and changes launched over recent months by Mr.
Book Synopsis Soviet Science On The Edge Of Reform by : Harley Balzer
Download or read book Soviet Science On The Edge Of Reform written by Harley Balzer and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-06-04 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is my sincere hope that the reforms currently being introduced in the USSR will render much of this book obsolete. Yet, even if perestroika brings significant change to the Soviet Union, historians will want a record of what existed before. After four years, it has become apparent that perestroika is a painful long-term process. In such a large and diverse country, even the reforms that are successful cannot take place everywhere at once. One major goal in publishing this book is to make data from a major interview project on Soviet science and technology available to a broader audience. Despite the changes taking place, many of the features illuminated by these unique data persist.
Book Synopsis Science Policy in the Soviet Union by : Paul M. Cocks
Download or read book Science Policy in the Soviet Union written by Paul M. Cocks and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Science Policy: Science policy in the Soviet Union by :
Download or read book Science Policy: Science policy in the Soviet Union written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
