Representational Fairness in WTO Rule-making

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Publisher : British Institute for International & Comparative Law
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 354 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

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Book Synopsis Representational Fairness in WTO Rule-making by : Mohamed Omar Gad

Download or read book Representational Fairness in WTO Rule-making written by Mohamed Omar Gad and published by British Institute for International & Comparative Law. This book was released on 2006 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines representational fairness in WTO rule making. The context of examination is the pharmaceutical-related provisions of the TRIPS (Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights) Agreement and the interests of developing countries and pharmaceutical multinational enterprises therein. The book analyzes the negotiation and implementation periods of the specified TRIPS provisions and the legal disputes that arose, covering the period from the mid-1980s, until the adoption of the Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health in November 2001. An imbalance reflected in the negotiated text in favor of pharmaceutical MNEs' interests during the negotiation process is characterized as 'top-down' rule making. Reacting to this, developing countries exerted pressure from the 'bottom-up' hindering the implementation of these TRIPS provisions. This retorting action, while instilling a degree of balance, congests the TRIPS regime and the larger WTO system with additional dispute proceedings leading to strains in North-South relations. The volume concludes with selective suggestions focusing on the rule making process of the WTO and proposes measures to reduce the likelihood of a deficiency in representational fairness occurring in future negotiations.

Representational Fairness in GATT/WTO Rule Making

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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (118 download)

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Book Synopsis Representational Fairness in GATT/WTO Rule Making by : Mohamed Omar Gad

Download or read book Representational Fairness in GATT/WTO Rule Making written by Mohamed Omar Gad and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Rigged Rules and Double Standards

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Publisher : Oxfam
ISBN 13 : 9780855985257
Total Pages : 278 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (852 download)

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Book Synopsis Rigged Rules and Double Standards by : Kevin Watkins

Download or read book Rigged Rules and Double Standards written by Kevin Watkins and published by Oxfam. This book was released on 2002 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A critical and detailed analysis of inequalities of world trade systems.

TRIPS and Access to Medicines

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Publisher : Kluwer Law International B.V.
ISBN 13 : 9403528745
Total Pages : 325 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (35 download)

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Book Synopsis TRIPS and Access to Medicines by : Renata Curzel

Download or read book TRIPS and Access to Medicines written by Renata Curzel and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2020-12-10 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although ideally a patent system for pharmaceuticals should serve to incentivize research into the development of new medicines, the COVID-19 pandemic has exposed the equal importance of drug access and affordability. This book, by focusing on the Brazilian rule which makes the grant of pharmaceutical patents dependent on the prior consent of the National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA), shows how the Brazilian model affords an example for other countries to follow in dealing with tensions between patent protection and the right to healthcare. Based on an empirical study in which the author examined 147 reports issued by ANVISA as a basis for its decisions, the book deals with such central questions concerning the interface of regulation and innovation in the patent system as the following: compatibility between ANVISA’s prior consent mechanism and the Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Agreement; how “evergreening” and “trivial patents” undermine public health and access to medicines; ways of correcting abuses of patent rights and controlling quality of patents; and the discourse on health as a human right. Along with her examination of ANVISA reports, the author analyzes how Article 229-C LPI, which introduced the need of ANVISA’s prior consent to the patent grant of pharmaceuticals in Brazil, has been interpreted in Brazilian case law. Interviews with Brazilian experts are also included. In its commitment to harmonizing patent rights and the right to access of affordable medicines, Brazil’s patent system for pharmaceuticals stands out as a workable response to the basic problem of access to medicines in the developing world. By describing the successes and failures in the Brazilian policy of promoting drug access, this book helps policymakers in developing and emerging countries to better explore TRIPS flexibilities when dealing with similar problems, and provides practitioners in the law of the World Trade Organization, patent law, competition law, and health law with a guide to how a more equitable pharmaceutical patenting system could work in practice.

Economic Development and Multilateral Trade Cooperation

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Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 0821360647
Total Pages : 526 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (213 download)

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Book Synopsis Economic Development and Multilateral Trade Cooperation by : Bernard M. Hoekman

Download or read book Economic Development and Multilateral Trade Cooperation written by Bernard M. Hoekman and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2005-12-01 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How can international trade agreements promote development and how can rules be designed to benefit poor countries? Can multilateral trade cooperation in the World Trade Organization (WTO) help developing countries create and strengthen institutions and regulatory regimes that will enhance the gains from trade and integration into the global economy? And should this even be done? These are questions that confront policy makers and citizens in both rich and poor countries, and they are the subject of Economic Development and Multilateral Trade Cooperation. This book analyzes how the trading system could be made more supportive of economic development, without eroding the core WTO functions.

Consumers in the Information Society: Access, Fairness and Representation

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Publisher : Consumers International
ISBN 13 : 0956740391
Total Pages : 230 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (567 download)

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Book Synopsis Consumers in the Information Society: Access, Fairness and Representation by :

Download or read book Consumers in the Information Society: Access, Fairness and Representation written by and published by Consumers International. This book was released on 2012 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Intellectual Property and International Trade

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 536 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

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Book Synopsis Intellectual Property and International Trade by : Carlos M. Correa

Download or read book Intellectual Property and International Trade written by Carlos M. Correa and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Now into its second decade, the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) continues to meet challenges raised by ongoing technological changes as it affirms an increasing degree of latitude to national authorities in its implementation. Important developments and controversies witnessed in the nine years since the first edition of this much-welcomed treatise include issues of public health, implications of the Agreement on the realization of human rights, and continuous debates on geographic indications and the appropriation of genetic resources. This second edition incorporates the analysis of key provisions of the Agreement resulting from dispute settlement procedures under WTO rules.

Reforming International Environmental Governance

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Publisher : United Nations University Press
ISBN 13 : 9280811118
Total Pages : 248 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (88 download)

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Book Synopsis Reforming International Environmental Governance by : W. Bradnee Chambers

Download or read book Reforming International Environmental Governance written by W. Bradnee Chambers and published by United Nations University Press. This book was released on 2005 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The World Summit on Sustainable Development in Johannesburg in 2002 underscored the need to reform the current institutional framework for environmental governance. Chambers and Green, both affiliated with the United Nations University Institute of Advanced Studies in Japan, gather contributors to take up the question left unanswered at Johannesbur

National Trade Estimate ... Report on Foreign Trade Barriers

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 408 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (129 download)

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Book Synopsis National Trade Estimate ... Report on Foreign Trade Barriers by : United States. Office of the U.S. Trade Representative

Download or read book National Trade Estimate ... Report on Foreign Trade Barriers written by United States. Office of the U.S. Trade Representative and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Digital Media, Youth, and Credibility

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Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262562324
Total Pages : 212 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (625 download)

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Book Synopsis Digital Media, Youth, and Credibility by : Miriam J. Metzger

Download or read book Digital Media, Youth, and Credibility written by Miriam J. Metzger and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2008 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The difficulties in determining the quality of information on the Internet--in particular, the implications of wide access and questionable credibility for youth and learning. Today we have access to an almost inconceivably vast amount of information, from sources that are increasingly portable, accessible, and interactive. The Internet and the explosion of digital media content have made more information available from more sources to more people than at any other time in human history. This brings an infinite number of opportunities for learning, social connection, and entertainment. But at the same time, the origin of information, its quality, and its veracity are often difficult to assess. This volume addresses the issue of credibility--the objective and subjective components that make information believable--in the contemporary media environment. The contributors look particularly at youth audiences and experiences, considering the implications of wide access and the questionable credibility of information for youth and learning. They discuss such topics as the credibility of health information online, how to teach credibility assessment, and public policy solutions. Much research has been done on credibility and new media, but little of it focuses on users younger than college students. Digital Media, Youth, and Credibility fills this gap in the literature. Contributors Matthew S. Eastin, Gunther Eysenbach, Brian Hilligoss, Frances Jacobson Harris, R. David Lankes, Soo Young Rieh, S. Shyam Sundar, Fred W. Weingarten

Manual on the Regulation of International Air Transport

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 264 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Manual on the Regulation of International Air Transport by : International Civil Aviation Organization

Download or read book Manual on the Regulation of International Air Transport written by International Civil Aviation Organization and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Oppenheim's International Law: United Nations

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Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0192537199
Total Pages : 1642 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (925 download)

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Book Synopsis Oppenheim's International Law: United Nations by : Rosalyn Higgins

Download or read book Oppenheim's International Law: United Nations written by Rosalyn Higgins and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017-10-12 with total page 1642 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United Nations, whose specialized agencies were the subject of an Appendix to the 1958 edition of Oppenheim's International Law: Peace, has expanded beyond all recognition since its founding in 1945.This volume represents a study that is entirely new, but prepared in the way that has become so familiar over succeeding editions of Oppenheim. An authoritative and comprehensive study of the United Nations' legal practice, this volume covers the formal structures of the UN as it has expanded over the years, and all that this complex organization does. All substantive issues are addressed in separate sections, including among others, the responsibilities of the UN, financing, immunities, human rights, preventing armed conflicts and peacekeeping, and judicial matters. In examining the evolving structures and ever expanding work of the United Nations, this volume follows the long-held tradition of Oppenheim by presenting facts uncoloured by personal opinion, in a succinct text that also offers in the footnotes a wealth of information and ideas to be explored. It is book that, while making all necessary reference to the Charter, the Statute of the International Court of Justice, and other legal instruments, tells of the realities of the legal issues as they arise in the day to day practice of the United Nations. Missions to the UN, Ministries of Foreign Affairs, practitioners of international law, academics, and students will all find this book to be vital in their understanding of the workings of the legal practice of the UN. Research for this publication was made possible by The Balzan Prize, which was awarded to Rosalyn Higgins in 2007 by the International Balzan Foundation.

Indian Politics and Society since Independence

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Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134132689
Total Pages : 343 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (341 download)

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Book Synopsis Indian Politics and Society since Independence by : Bidyut Chakrabarty

Download or read book Indian Politics and Society since Independence written by Bidyut Chakrabarty and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2008-05-12 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focusing on politics and society in India, this book explores new areas enmeshed in the complex social, economic and political processes in the country. Linking the structural characteristics with the broader sociological context, the book emphasizes the strong influence of sociological issues on politics, such as social milieu shaping and the articulation of the political in day-to-day events. Political events are connected with the ever-changing social, economic and political processes in order to provide an analytical framework to explain ‘peculiarities’ of Indian politics. Bidyut Chakrabarty argues that three major ideological influences of colonialism, nationalism and democracy have provided the foundational values of Indian politics. Structured thematically and chronologically, this work is a useful resource for students of political science, sociology and South Asian studies.

Collection of Essays by Legal Advisers of States, Legal Advisers of International Organizations and Practitioners in the Field of International Law

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Publisher : United Nations Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 544 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Collection of Essays by Legal Advisers of States, Legal Advisers of International Organizations and Practitioners in the Field of International Law by : United Nations. Office of Legal Affairs

Download or read book Collection of Essays by Legal Advisers of States, Legal Advisers of International Organizations and Practitioners in the Field of International Law written by United Nations. Office of Legal Affairs and published by United Nations Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world has changed radically since 1989, when the General Assembly declared the period from 1990 to 1999 as the United Nations Decade of International Law. During that time, the international community claimed some major achievements as reflected by the adoption of conventions and treaties. This publication presents a collection of essays from legal advisers of States and international organizations, all of whom are among those committed to promoting respect for international law. Their contribution provides a practical perspective on international law, viewed from the standpoint of those involved in its formation, application and administration.

LatCrit

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Publisher : NYU Press
ISBN 13 : 1479809306
Total Pages : 214 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (798 download)

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Book Synopsis LatCrit by : Francisco Valdes

Download or read book LatCrit written by Francisco Valdes and published by NYU Press. This book was released on 2021-06-15 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book comprehensively but succinctly tells the story of LatCrit's emergence and sustainable presence as a scholarly and activist community within and beyond the US legal academy, finding its place alongside such other schools of critical legal knowledge as Feminist Legal Theory and Critical Race Theory that aim to combust social and legal transformative change"--

Bridges for Development

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Publisher : IDB
ISBN 13 : 9781931003308
Total Pages : 268 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (33 download)

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Book Synopsis Bridges for Development by : Robert Devlin

Download or read book Bridges for Development written by Robert Devlin and published by IDB. This book was released on 2003 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Latin America has been pursuing intense structural reforms since the mid-1980s. The reforms have been a primary instrument for achieving the development goals of stable and higher rates of economic growth, more social equity, and a solid democratic setting. The region has advanced on all three fronts, but much more needs to be done. Bridges for Development explores options to strengthen policies and institutions for deepening structural reforms in all areas of development through trade and integration. Making advances in these areas is critical because the multilateral negotiations in the Doha Development Round are contingent on the complex dynamics of worldwide consensus -- and Latin America's capacity to adequately represent its interests in terms of determining the direction of unilateral policy and regional initiatives. However, as the book points out, it might be said that the easystages of unilateral trade and regional integration are over; the next steps toward consolidation will require countries to redouble their political will to confront difficult challenges as well as to refine policies, build stronger institutional structures to support them, and work better with civil society. The wave of market opening and regionalism in the 1990s has provided new opportunities in these areas.

Rebuilding the Global Economy

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Publisher : Peterson Institute for International Economics
ISBN 13 : 0881327433
Total Pages : 315 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (813 download)

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Book Synopsis Rebuilding the Global Economy by : Adam S. Posen

Download or read book Rebuilding the Global Economy written by Adam S. Posen and published by Peterson Institute for International Economics. This book was released on 2021-02 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A special series outlining policy priorities and solutions in 2021 by the Peterson Institute for International Economics.