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Reovirus Myelitis
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Download or read book Reovirus Myelitis written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Viral infections of the spinal cord (myelitis) are among the oldest described human neurological infections, and continue to be an important cause of human morbidity and mortality. Effective treatment is limited by lack of understanding of disease pathogenesis and limited availability of experimental models to study mechanisms of disease pathogenesis. We developed an experimental model of myelitis using reovirus infection in which 90% of mice develop progressive hind-limb paralysis about 9 days post inoculation. Paralysis correlated with infection and apoptotic death of the spinal cord (SC) motor neurons, and with the associated activation of proteases involved in cell death pathways including calpain and caspase 3. Another potential mechanism of cellular injury and therapeutic target increased in reovirus infected SC tissue was oxidative stress. In addition to neuronal injury, reovirus myelitis was associated with dramatic morphological alterations and activation of glial cells ("gliosis"). Microglia/macrophage-enriched cellular fractions from mock and reovirus-induced SC cellular suspensions were analyzed for expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Cellular fractions from reovirus-infected animals showed up-regulation of inflammatory mediators compared to control samples, paralleling results in vivo. An ex vivo SC slice culture (SCSC) system was established to evaluate intrinsic SC-innate mechanisms of injury in the absence of contributions from systemic infection or infiltrating inflammatory cells. Reovirus-infection of SCSC demonstrated that reovirus-induced SC tissue destruction and increases in inflammatory mediators did not require hematopoietic cells, but included chemokines that would result in immune cell infiltration in the whole animal. In general, the inflammatory response is responsible for the control of viral infection, but prolonged inflammation can damage the delicate CNS tissue even further than infection alone. The experiments described in this thesis lay the groundwork for understanding the mechanisms of injury found in reovirus-induced SC injury, and the immune response to reovirus-infected SC tissues. Importantly, the mechanisms of injury and neuroinflammatory response found during reovirus myelitis are also found in human viral myelitis. Thus, this experimental system of reovirus-myelitis is a novel model for understanding pathogenesis of viral myelitis that may facilitate rationale design of therapeutics that can be tested in human spinal cord infection."--Abstract.
Download or read book Reoviruses II written by Kenneth L. Tyler and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reoviruses are one of the most important viral groups for understanding the molecular and genetic basis for viral pathogenesis. These two volumes cover virtually all aspects of reovirus biology. Volume I begins with a review of reovirus structure; further chapters deal with functions of the reovirus structural proteins, the assembly of the genome, and reovirus mutants. Volume II reviews general mechanisms of reovirus persistent infection and cytopathic effects, and then discusses reovirus-induced disease in specific organ systems including the heart, nervous and endocrine systems, liver and biliary system, and intestine. Together, these two volumes provide a current and comprehensive review of the mammalian reoviruses.
Book Synopsis Experimental Chronic Myelitis in Hamsters Associated with a Variant of Measles Virus by : Donald Ray Carrigan
Download or read book Experimental Chronic Myelitis in Hamsters Associated with a Variant of Measles Virus written by Donald Ray Carrigan and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Alternate Programmed Cell Death Signaling in Antiviral Host Defense by : Edward S. Mocarski
Download or read book Alternate Programmed Cell Death Signaling in Antiviral Host Defense written by Edward S. Mocarski and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-12-16 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides a comprehensive review of programmed cell death pathways and their fundamental role in antiviral host defense. The book deep-dives into the molecular functions and regulation of necroptosis and discusses how viruses induce and manipulate this potent innate cellular sensing system. Initially, understanding of necroptosis emerged from studies on tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling that showed the key role of receptor interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) in the activation of receptor interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) which then phosphorylates mixed lineage kinase domain like pseudokinase (MLKL) to execute cells via plasma membrane leakage of cytosolic contents. Since its discovery, multiple facets of the RIPK3-dependent necroptotic machinery have evolved where the requirements for execution of death varies depending on the stimulus. Virus-induced necroptosis was discovered over 10 years ago in studies on murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) where a virus-encoded inhibitor was shown to prevent the recruitment of RIPK3 (RIP3). This transformative evidence identified a novel pathway acting independent of TNF, interferon or RIPK1 that can stop virus from infecting its natural mouse host by killing off infected cells to halt replication. Over the past decade influenza A virus (IAV), herpes simplex virus (HSV) and poxvirus vaccinia (VACV) have all been shown to trigger the pathway. Herpesviruses and poxviruses also encode inhibitors of caspase-8 whose elaboration unleashes the necroptosis pathway. IAV and other RNA viruses do not encode programmed cell death inhibitors. RIPK3 is also known to induce apoptosis by recruiting RIPK1 as shown nearly a decade ago and this dual apoptosis/necroptosis induction occurs naturally during influenza A virus infection. RIPK3 is also able to induce an inflammatory response independently of programmed cell death that can predominate to drive inflammatory disease outcomes. This volume is a must-read for researchers and advanced students in immunology and virology.
Book Synopsis Advances in Neuroglia Research and Application: 2013 Edition by :
Download or read book Advances in Neuroglia Research and Application: 2013 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2013-06-21 with total page 712 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Neuroglia Research and Application: 2013 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ book that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Schwann Cells. The editors have built Advances in Neuroglia Research and Application: 2013 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Schwann Cells in this book to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Advances in Neuroglia Research and Application: 2013 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.
Book Synopsis ECHOViruses Reoviruses by : Herbert A. Wenner
Download or read book ECHOViruses Reoviruses written by Herbert A. Wenner and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reoviruses are ether-resistant icosahedral viruses 60 to 75 mp in diameter which contain ribonucleic acid. They have been recovered from man and lower animals and are ubiquitous in their geographic distribution. At present, the importance of these viruses as a cause of human or animal disease is still largely unknown. As a result of having a number of unusual characteristics, reoviruses have attracted the attention of many workers in the relatively short time since they were first recognized. For example, investigators interested in the molecular aspects of virology have been attracted by the unusual double-helical ribonucleic acid of high molecular weight which reoviruses possess, while those interested in epidemiology have been attracted by the occurrence of apparently identical viruses in both man and an unusually wide variety of lower animals. This com pilation is based on information available to the author as of October 31, 1966. II. History The term "reqvirus" was proposed in 1959 (SABIN, 1959) as a group name for a number of viruses then classified (SABIN, 1956; RAMOS-ALvAREz and SABIN, 1958) as being identical with, or related to, ECHO type lO virus.
Book Synopsis Fields Virology: RNA Viruses by : Peter M. Howley
Download or read book Fields Virology: RNA Viruses written by Peter M. Howley and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 2022-06-09 with total page 2471 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Now in four convenient volumes, Field’s Virology remains the most authoritative reference in this fast-changing field, providing definitive coverage of virology, including virus biology as well as replication and medical aspects of specific virus families. This volume of Field’s Virology: RNA Viruses, Seventh Edition covers the latest information on RNA viruses, how they cause disease, how they can cause epidemics and pandemics, new therapeutics and vaccine approaches, as provided in new or extensively revised chapters that reflect these advances in this dynamic field. Bundled with the eBook, which will be updated regularly as new information about each virus is available, this text serves as the authoritative, up-to-date reference book for virologists, infectious disease specialists, microbiologists, and physicians, as well as medical students pursuing a career in infectious diseases.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Clinical Neurology by : P. J. Vinken
Download or read book Handbook of Clinical Neurology written by P. J. Vinken and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 718 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Atlas of Immunology by : Julius M. Cruse MD PhD
Download or read book Atlas of Immunology written by Julius M. Cruse MD PhD and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2003-12-29 with total page 857 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With more than 1100 computer-generated figures, line drawings, and photographs, Atlas of Immunology clearly demonstrates thata picture is worth a thousand words. Written for students, basic scientists, and clinicians, this second edition provides a thorough and up-to-date treatment of all the concepts needed to comprehend contemporary imm
Book Synopsis Clinical Virology by : Douglas D. Richman
Download or read book Clinical Virology written by Douglas D. Richman and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-07-10 with total page 1489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The essential reference of clinical virology Virology is one of the most dynamic and rapidly changing fields of clinical medicine. For example, sequencing techniques from human specimens have identified numerous new members of several virus families, including new polyomaviruses, orthomyxoviruses, and bunyaviruses. Clinical Virology, Fourth Edition, has been extensively revised and updated to incorporate the latest developments and relevant research. Chapters written by internationally recognized experts cover novel viruses, pathogenesis, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention, organized into two major sections: Section 1 provides information regarding broad topics in virology, including immune responses, vaccinology, laboratory diagnosis, principles of antiviral therapy, and detailed considerations of important organ system manifestations and syndromes caused by viral infections. Section 2 provides overviews of specific etiologic agents and discusses their biology, epidemiology, pathogenesis of disease causation, clinical manifestations, laboratory diagnosis, and management. Clinical Virology provides the critical information scientists and health care professionals require about all aspects of this rapidly evolving field.
Book Synopsis The Biology of Animal Viruses by : Frank J. Fenner
Download or read book The Biology of Animal Viruses written by Frank J. Fenner and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-09-17 with total page 851 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Biology of Animal Viruses, Second Edition deals with animal viruses focusing on molecular biology and tumor virology. The book reviews the nature, chemical composition, structure, and classification of animal viruses. The text also describes the methods of isolating animal viruses, how these are grown in the laboratory, assayed, purified, and used in biochemical experiments. The book also describes the structure and chemistry of many known viruses such as the papovaviridae, herpes virus, poxvirus, coronavirus, or the Bunyamwera supergroup. The book then explains the structure and function of the animal cell including the cytoplasmic organelles, the nucleus, inhibitors of cell function, and viral multiplication. Other papers discuss in detail the multiplication of the DNA and RNA viruses, whose mechanisms of multiplication differ from those of other viruses. Other papers discuss the known prevention and treatment methods of viral diseases, as well as the epidemiology and evolution of viral diseases resulting from human's disturbance of the biosphere and from medical and experimental innovations. The text can prove useful for immunologists, veterinarians, virologists, molecular researchers, students, and academicians in the field of cellular microbiology and virology.
Download or read book The Mouse written by Alvin W. Smith and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Public Health Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 1242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Myelination and Demyelination by : Jarma Palo
Download or read book Myelination and Demyelination written by Jarma Palo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A satellite symposium entitled "Myelination and Demyelination: Recent Chemical Advances" was held in Helsinki from August 29 to 31, 1977, after the Sixth International Meeting of the International Society for Neurochemistry (ISN) in Copenhagen. Myelin is a nervous tissue structure that is most suitable as a subject of biochemical investigation. It is easy to isolate in a highly purified form, is rather stable even after death, and is af fected by a variety of neurological and other diseases. Its lesions are particularly important in the study of multiple sclerosis, a disease which is relatively prevalent in Finland and has therefore been of interest to a great many Finnish scientists. The first half of this book is concerned with the biochemical composition and molecular organization of myelin, the second half with the experimental and clinical aspects of demyelination. The comments given after each of the presentations at the symposium were not recorded as such, but each author was requested to modify his or her paper accordingly. The editing and publication of this book would not have been possible without the excellent efforts and co-operation of my wife, Mrs. L.-M. Palo, acting as general secretary and later as editorial secretary of the symposium. As Organizing Committee Chairman, I would also like to thank the members of the Committee: Dr. M. Haltia, Dr. E. Kivalo, Dr. T. Kosunen, Dr. M. Panelius, and especially Dr.
Download or read book Virology & AIDS Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 972 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book DHHS Publication No. (NIH). written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Neurovirology written by Alex C. Tselis and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2014-07-08 with total page 802 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume in the Handbook of Clinical Neurology series provides a complete review of the history, science and current state of neurovirology. It covers the science and clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of viruses of the brain and central nervous system, and is a trusted resource for scholars, scientists, neuroscientists, neurologists, virologists, and pharmacologists working on neurovirology. Neurovirology has been significantly bolstered by modern technologies such as PCR and MRI with direct impact on isolating viruses and advancing therapeutics based on molecular medicine. These advances are particularly important today with the introduction of emerging and re-emerging diseases such as HIV/AIDS, Nipah encephalitis and the appearance of West Nile encephalitis in the western hemisphere. Detailed coverage of neurovirology from the basic science to clinical presentation Covers advances in neurovirology via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and MRI technology Covers emerging and re-emerging diseases including HIV/AIDS, Nipah encephalitis, and the appearance of West Nile encephalitis in the western hemisphere
