Removal Of Organic Matter By Classical Biofiltration

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Removal of Organic Matter by Classical Biofiltration

Author : Joan Theresa Thompson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 189 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (112 download)

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Book Synopsis Removal of Organic Matter by Classical Biofiltration by : Joan Theresa Thompson

Download or read book Removal of Organic Matter by Classical Biofiltration written by Joan Theresa Thompson and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pilot-scale biofiltration experiments were conducted at the Region of Waterloo's Mannheim Drinking Water Treatment Plant to inform the scientific and operational understanding of drinking water treatment by biologically-active GAC/sand filtration processes. Three dual-media granular activated carbon (GAC)/sand biofilters and one multi-media GAC-capped anthracite/sand biofilter media configuration were investigated. Both new GAC and GAC that had been biologically active for five years were used. The performance differences between a new, highly adsorptive GAC filter that is undergoing biological acclimation, and a biofilter that is stacked with older, biologically-active GAC media were investigated to increase the mechanistic understanding of natural organic matter (NOM) removal by biofiltration. The performance of a cost-effective, new GAC-capped anthracite/sand biofilter compared to a GAC/sand biofilter also was investigated. Performance was assessed using adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP) concentration associated with attached biomass in the filter media, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), UVabsorbance, and characterization by liquid chromatography-organic carbon detection (LC-OCD) fractionation. The filters were monitored for their performance in headloss accumulation and turbidity removal. Water from the full-scale water treatment plant was coagulated, flocculated, clarified by settling, and then ozonated. It was then directed to the pilot plant filters, which contained the same depth of media, but were operated separately from the full-scale plant. The experiments were conducted from June to September 2018, during warm water conditions (18-27ʻC). As expected, the new GAC/sand filter removed substantially more DOC, UV-absorbing compounds, and humic substances than did the biologically-active GAC. There was also a typical pattern of biological acclimation in this filter, as there was high DOC removal, followed by a decline, and then a steady-state period. DOC removal during the steady-state period in the new filter was 25 to 30% on average, which was significantly higher than that in the filter containing media that had been biologically active for five years (13% on average), suggesting that DOC removal might decline over years of service. Interestingly, the new GAC/sand filter did not out-perform the biologically-active GAC/sand filter in biopolymer removal, possibly due to the size (>20 kDa) and shape of these compounds. This observation also suggests that biodegradation of biopolymers (in contrast to other compounds) occurs directly in biologically-active GAC filters, and not necessarily by bioregeneration (freeing up of adsorptive sites). Further, compared to biologically-active GAC/sand, there was no outright disadvantage to running a GACcapped anthracite/sand biofilter. One month into the experiment, the backwashing procedure was altered to improve filter run times. The increased vigorousness caused the biofilm in the GAC-capped anthracite/sand filter to decrease temporarily, and it also caused a brief decrease in the DOC removal, whereas the GAC/sand biofilter was not affected by the backwashing change. Overall, it was found that (1) the new GAC filter demonstrated a trend in DOC removal that was expected, with the added finding that the biodegradation or adsorptive capacity declines over a period of several years after acclimation (2) adsorption did not enhance the removal of biopolymers, though they were removed by biofiltration, indicating that biodegradation may occur directly and not necessarily by bioregeneration (adsorption and desorption by biodegradation), and (3) as configured, the GAC/sand biofilter was more effective in removing DOC than the GAC-capped anthracite biofilter.

Removal of Natural Organic Matter in Biofilters

Author : Edward J. Bouwer
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (121 download)

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Book Synopsis Removal of Natural Organic Matter in Biofilters by : Edward J. Bouwer

Download or read book Removal of Natural Organic Matter in Biofilters written by Edward J. Bouwer and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Removal of Biodegradable Organic Matter in Drinking Water Biofilters

Author : Raymond M. Hozalski
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 286 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (222 download)

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Book Synopsis Removal of Biodegradable Organic Matter in Drinking Water Biofilters by : Raymond M. Hozalski

Download or read book Removal of Biodegradable Organic Matter in Drinking Water Biofilters written by Raymond M. Hozalski and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Natural Organic Matter in Water

Author : Mika Sillanpaa
Publisher : Butterworth-Heinemann
ISBN 13 : 0128242752
Total Pages : 374 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (282 download)

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Book Synopsis Natural Organic Matter in Water by : Mika Sillanpaa

Download or read book Natural Organic Matter in Water written by Mika Sillanpaa and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2022-10-17 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Natural Organic Matter in Water: Characterization, Treatment Methods, and Climate Change Impact, Second Edition focuses on advanced filtration and treatment options, as well as processes for reducing disinfection by-products, making it an essential resource on the latest breakthroughs in the characterization, treatment and removal of natural organic matter (NOM) from drinking water. Based on the editor’s years of research and field experience, the book covers general parameters, isolation and concentration, fractionation, composition and structural analysis, and biological testing, along with removal methods such as inorganic coagulants, polyelectrolytes and composite coagulants. In addition, sections cover electrochemical and membranes removal methods such as electrocoagulation, electrochemical oxidation, microfiltration and ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, and membrane fouling. This book is a valuable guide for engineers and researchers looking to integrate methods, processes and technologies to achieve desired affects. Provides a summary of up-to-date information surrounding NOM Presents enhanced knowledge on treatment strategies for the removal of NOM Covers conventional as well as advanced NOM removal methods

Impact of Coagulation on Biofiltration

Author : Ellyn Jean Weimer
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (134 download)

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Book Synopsis Impact of Coagulation on Biofiltration by : Ellyn Jean Weimer

Download or read book Impact of Coagulation on Biofiltration written by Ellyn Jean Weimer and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drinking water treatment plants are faced with a need to simultaneously remove natural organic matter (NOM), turbidity, and emerging trace organic compounds (TrOCs). Biofiltration is an attractive treatment option to remove these contaminants due to its multi-barrier benefits including particle removal, biodegradation, and adsorption. Biofiltration is often preceded by coagulation, flocculation, and sedimentation, which impacts the concentration and type of NOM entering the biofilter. This has the potential to influence the microbial structure and utilization rate for secondary substrates (e.g., TrOCs). In this study, the impact of alum and ferric chloride coagulation on biofiltration performance for NOM and TrOC removal was examined. Four biofilter trains were operated: sand biofilter with uncoagulated water; GAC biofilter with uncoagulated water; GAC biofilter with alum-coagulated water; GAC biofilter with ferric-coagulated water. In Phase I, the biofilters were acclimated and baseline removals of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were established. In Phase II, acetate was supplemented to determine how an easily biodegradable carbon source would impact the removal of TrOCs in the biofilters. In Phase III, acetate supplementation was discontinued. Biofilter performance among Phases I, II, and III was compared. DOC removal through each biofilter train ranged between 5 and 7%, while overall DOC removal from before coagulation to after biofiltration was 26% and 42% for alum- and ferric-coagulated waters, respectively in Phase I. With acetate supplementation (Phase II), DOC removals were higher, as expected. Here, both biofilter trains treating uncoagulated water showed 20% DOC removal, and both biofilter trains treating coagulated water showed 40% DOC removal; the overall removal of DOC during Phase II was 42% and 51% for alum- and ferric-coagulated waters, respectively. TrOC removal was independent of acetate supplementation for most of the compounds. The sand biofilter showed little to no removal of thiabendazole, caffeine, atenolol, and DEET, but the presence of acetate led to some removal of thiabendazole. All of the GAC biofilters showed much higher removal of the tested TrOCs as compared to the sand biofilters, suggesting adsorption as an important mechanism for the removal of these TrOCs. The GAC biofilter train treating ferric-coagulated water showed the best and most consistent removal in DOC across all the biofilter trains. It also showed comparable to higher removal of TrOCs as compared to the other biofilter trains. Thus, ferric chloride coagulation is the recommended upstream process to GAC biofilters treating multiple TrOCs

Progress in Slow Sand and Alternative Biofiltration Processes

Author : Nobutada Nakamoto
Publisher : IWA Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1780406371
Total Pages : 586 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (84 download)

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Book Synopsis Progress in Slow Sand and Alternative Biofiltration Processes by : Nobutada Nakamoto

Download or read book Progress in Slow Sand and Alternative Biofiltration Processes written by Nobutada Nakamoto and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2014-05-14 with total page 586 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a state-of-the-art assessment on a variety of biofiltration water treatment systems from studies conducted around the world. The authors collectively represent a perspective from 23 countries and include academics/researchers, biofiltration system users, designers, and manufacturers. Progress in Slow Sand and Alternative Biofiltration Processes - Further Developments and Applications offers technical information and discussion to provide perspective on the biological and physical factors affecting the performance of slow sand filtration and biological filtration processes. Chapters were submitted from the 5th International Slow Sand and Alternative Biological Filtration Conference, Nagoya, Japan in June 2014. Authors: Nobutada Nakamoto, Shinshu University, Japan, Nigel Graham, Imperial College London, UK, M. Robin Collins, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA and Rolf Gimbel,Universität Duisburg, Essen, Germany.

Biofiltration in Drinking Water Treatment

Author : Cynthia Hallé
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 329 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (613 download)

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Book Synopsis Biofiltration in Drinking Water Treatment by : Cynthia Hallé

Download or read book Biofiltration in Drinking Water Treatment written by Cynthia Hallé and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of drinking water treatment is to produce and deliver safe water to the consumers. To achieve these objectives water treatment plants are designed based on the concept of the multibarrier approach which combines several drinking water treatment processes in order to increase the reliability of the system. The presence of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs), personal care products (PCPs) and endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) in drinking water sources is becoming a concern, because of chronic and indirect human exposure to contaminant mixtures at sub-therapeutic levels via drinking water consumption. Membrane filtration can be an efficient treatment process to remove microorganisms and/or trace organic contaminants from drinking water sources. However, membranes are confronted by a major limitation: membrane fouling. Fouled membranes suffer from a loss in performance either leading to a reduction in flux or a higher pressure requirement. Generally, membrane fouling increases the need for membrane maintenance measures such as backwashing and chemical cleaning which has a negative impact on the operating costs and membrane life time. Severe membrane fouling may even impact permeate quality and/or compromise membrane integrity. The aim of this study was to establish if biofiltration pretreatment without prior coagulation would be able to control membrane fouling in natural waters. The second objective investigated the removal of trace organic contaminants by individual treatment processes (i.e. biofiltration and membrane filtration). Parallel to this work, the presence and concentration of selected trace organic contaminants in Grand River (Ontario, Canada) were determined. The trace organic contaminants investigated included atrazine, carbamazepine, DEET, ibuprofen, naproxen, and nonylphenol.

Biofiltration for Air Pollution Control

Author : Joseph S. Devinny
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1351464086
Total Pages : 322 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (514 download)

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Book Synopsis Biofiltration for Air Pollution Control by : Joseph S. Devinny

Download or read book Biofiltration for Air Pollution Control written by Joseph S. Devinny and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-11-22 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The number-one environmental threat to public health, air pollution remains a pressing problem-made even more complicated by the massive quantity and diversity of air pollution sources. Biofiltration technology (using micro-organisms growing on porous media) is being recognized as one of the most advantageous means to convert pollutants to harmless products. Done properly, biofiltration works at a reasonable cost-utilizing inexpensive components, without requiring fuel or generating hazardous by-products. Firmly established in Europe, biofiltration techniques are being increasingly applied in North America: Biofiltration for Air Pollution Control offers the necessary knowledge to "do it right."

Membrane Biofiltration to Remove Low Level Volatile Organic Compounds

Author : Jeffrey John Neemann
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 134 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (41 download)

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Book Synopsis Membrane Biofiltration to Remove Low Level Volatile Organic Compounds by : Jeffrey John Neemann

Download or read book Membrane Biofiltration to Remove Low Level Volatile Organic Compounds written by Jeffrey John Neemann and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Influence of Water Content, Concentration, and Nutrient Addition on the Biofiltration of Toluene for Air Pollution Mitigation Using Soil Biofilters with Water Content Control

Download Influence of Water Content, Concentration, and Nutrient Addition on the Biofiltration of Toluene for Air Pollution Mitigation Using Soil Biofilters with Water Content Control PDF Online Free

Author : Daisy B. Badilla
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
ISBN 13 : 3963555300
Total Pages : 228 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (635 download)

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Book Synopsis Influence of Water Content, Concentration, and Nutrient Addition on the Biofiltration of Toluene for Air Pollution Mitigation Using Soil Biofilters with Water Content Control by : Daisy B. Badilla

Download or read book Influence of Water Content, Concentration, and Nutrient Addition on the Biofiltration of Toluene for Air Pollution Mitigation Using Soil Biofilters with Water Content Control written by Daisy B. Badilla and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2024-02-20 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Doctoral Thesis / Dissertation from the year 2011 in the subject Environmental Sciences, grade: Passed, University of the Philippines, course: Doctor of Philosophy in Environmental Engineering, language: English, abstract: In this study, the influence of water content on biofiltration performance was investigated. A biofilter reactor with water content control through changes in matric potential in a suction cell was used to treat toluene-contaminated air with soil as the filter bed medium. Results suggest the soil water content should be controlled at about 96% (dry weight) or a matric potential of -10 cm H2O. The maximum elimination capacity in this study appears to be a restricted to a narrow water content and this narrow range impacts on the operation of full-scale biofilters as traditional techniques for water content control would make maintaining this range difficult. Biofiltration, which is also sometimes referred to as bio-oxidation, is a method of air pollution control where contaminants in a gas stream are metabolized by microorganisms and converted to water, carbon dioxide and biomass. Biofiltration involves biological, chemical, and physical processes. It is often preferred over other air pollution control technologies since it does not produce secondary pollutants and does not involve expensive maintenance and operating costs. However, one of its disadvantages is the difficulty in controlling water content. A water retention curve of the soil was generated by plotting water content versus matric potential with data obtained using the suction cell. Two additional factors, concentration and nutrient addition, were investigated using two other soil biofilters. Improved biofiltration performance was observed at higher toluene concentrations. High toluene concentrations may be advisable during start-up as it converts microorganisms that do not thrive on toluene into nutrients for desired degraders inducing growth and improved performance but would have to be controlled to avoid excessive growth. In the membrane biofilter, the large pores in the biofilm contributed to a possible enhancement of pollutant and oxygen mass transfer. Nutrient addition improved the volumetric removal rate of toluene which implies that available nutrient has been limited. Nitrogen was identified as limiting the biomass growth. The production of carbon dioxide confirmed effective biodegradation of toluene in the soil biofilter. This study contributes to existing knowledge relevant conclusions and recommendations that may guide biofiltration operation, broaden concepts, or direct future studies and it considers treatment of indoor air pollution as a particular area of application.

Pre-oxidation Strategies for Improvement of Biofiltration Performance

Author : Balsher Singh Sidhu
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis Pre-oxidation Strategies for Improvement of Biofiltration Performance by : Balsher Singh Sidhu

Download or read book Pre-oxidation Strategies for Improvement of Biofiltration Performance written by Balsher Singh Sidhu and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Field-Scale Evaluation of Drinking Water Biofiltration

Author : Amina K. Stoddart
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (134 download)

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Book Synopsis Field-Scale Evaluation of Drinking Water Biofiltration by : Amina K. Stoddart

Download or read book Field-Scale Evaluation of Drinking Water Biofiltration written by Amina K. Stoddart and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Natural organic matter (NOM) is a complex mixture of organic material ubiquitous in natural waters. NOM can affect nearly all aspects of drinking water treatment. It can exert a demand on treatment chemicals, promote regrowth in distribution systems and can form genotoxic and/or carcinogenic disinfection by-products (DBPs) when exposed to disinfectant. Biofiltration is one treatment strategy that has potential to provide additional removal of NOM following coagulation. In biofiltration, bacteria indigenous to the source water form biofilms on filter media and use organic material as an energy source. This type of biological treatment within a filter has advantages over filtration with relatively biologically inert granular media because of its potential to provide additional NOM removal through biodegradation. This thesis investigated conversion of full-scale anthracite-sand drinking water filters to biofilters through the removal of prechlorination. Results showed that filters operated in direct filtration mode could be converted in this way to reduce DBP formation in the plant effluent and distribution system without compromising water quality or filter performance. Biomass monitoring using adenosine triphosphate (ATP) showed that filter media biomass increased as a result of conversion. Further interpretation of the biomass data with a growth model demonstrated that consistency in biomass sampling within the context of the operational state of the filter or following significant process changes was critical information for long-term performance assessment. A concurrent pilot-scale investigation tested nutrient, oxidant and filter media enhancement strategies with the goal of improving NOM removal and further reducing DBP formation. Results showed that nutrient and oxidant addition could increase the filter biomass and alter the microbial community, but would not improve NOM removal or further reduce DBP formation potential. Ultimately, despite reductions in DBP formation and increases in biofilter biomass, NOM removal across the biofilters remained unchanged with conversion and enhancements, posing a challenge for process monitoring. A novel method to measure oxygen demand was optimized for use in a drinking water matrix and used to evaluate NOM removal and transformation in the biofilters.

Removal of Bulk Organic Matter, Organic Micropollutants, and Nutrients, and Nutrients During Riverbank Filtration

Author : Jörg E. Drewes
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781605730622
Total Pages : 170 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (36 download)

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Book Synopsis Removal of Bulk Organic Matter, Organic Micropollutants, and Nutrients, and Nutrients During Riverbank Filtration by : Jörg E. Drewes

Download or read book Removal of Bulk Organic Matter, Organic Micropollutants, and Nutrients, and Nutrients During Riverbank Filtration written by Jörg E. Drewes and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

From Biofiltration to Promising Options in Gaseous Fluxes Biotreatment

Author : Gabriela Soreanu
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128190655
Total Pages : 526 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis From Biofiltration to Promising Options in Gaseous Fluxes Biotreatment by : Gabriela Soreanu

Download or read book From Biofiltration to Promising Options in Gaseous Fluxes Biotreatment written by Gabriela Soreanu and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-04-03 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From Biofiltration to Promising Options in Gaseous Fluxes Biotreatment: Recent Developments, New Trends, Advances, and Opportunities provides an overview on the biological tools used for the treatment of the gaseous fluxes, with emphasis on traditional and perspective options, opening new horizons for research and implementation in practice. It is known that air pollution is an emergent global issue and a priority within the international environmental programs. Moreover, technologies based on biological methods are significantly contributing to the sustainable development concept. Thus this book provides tools for solving air pollution issues in a sustainable manner. These issues can be solved at different levels (e.g., "end-of-pipe" gaseous streams, indoor/outdoor air, closed environments), which can be approached by the different biotechniques presented in the book, from classical biofiltration techniques (part 1) to phytotreatment and microalgae-based techniques (part 2). Although all options have their particularities that make them special for certain applications, a special attention is drawn to the potential of the last one, which offers multiple possibilities for biomass valorization. Scientists from worldwide with relevant experience in their field have been contributed to the development of this book. Presents the main biotechnological aspects applied for gas purification, focusing on process understanding, limitations, and capability in different applications Promotes a sustainable future of the biofiltration process by enhancing their performance together with the simultaneously economic and environmental impacts Implements new aspects of scientific research and development in the field

Recent Progress in Slow Sand and Alternative Biofiltration Processes

Author : Rolf Gimbel
Publisher : IWA Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1843391201
Total Pages : 580 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (433 download)

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Book Synopsis Recent Progress in Slow Sand and Alternative Biofiltration Processes by : Rolf Gimbel

Download or read book Recent Progress in Slow Sand and Alternative Biofiltration Processes written by Rolf Gimbel and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2006-03-31 with total page 580 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Slow sand filtration is typically cited as being the first "engineered" process in drinking-water treatment. Proven modifications to the conventional slow sand filtration process, the awareness of induced biological activity in riverbank filtration systems, and the growth of oxidant-induced biological removals in more rapid-rate filters (e.g. biological activated carbon) demonstrate the renaissance of biofiltration as a treatment process that remains viable for both small, rural communities and major cities. Biofiltration is expected to become even more common in the future as efforts intensify to decrease the presence of disease-causing microorganisms and disinfection by-products in drinking water, to minimize microbial regrowth potential in distribution systems, and where operator skill levels are emphasized. Recent Progress in Slow Sand and Alternative Biofiltration Processes provides a state-of-the-art assessment on a variety of biofiltration systems from studies conducted around the world. The authors collectively represent a perspective from 23 countries and include academics, biofiltration system users, designers, and manufacturers. It provides an up-to-date perspective on the physical, chemical, biological, and operational factors affecting the performance of slow sand filtration (SSF), riverbank filtration (RBF), soil-aquifer treatment (SAT), and biological activated carbon (BAC) processes. The main themes are: comparable overviews of biofiltration systems; slow sand filtration process behavior, treatment performance and process developments; and alternative biofiltration process behaviors, treatment performances, and process developments.

Effect of Biofiltration on DBP Formation at Full-scale and Pilot-scale

Author : Mehrnaz Mirzaei Barzi
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780494437469
Total Pages : 210 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (374 download)

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Book Synopsis Effect of Biofiltration on DBP Formation at Full-scale and Pilot-scale by : Mehrnaz Mirzaei Barzi

Download or read book Effect of Biofiltration on DBP Formation at Full-scale and Pilot-scale written by Mehrnaz Mirzaei Barzi and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past century chlorine has been a reliable disinfectant to reduce transmission of waterborne diseases in drinking water. Concerns about chlorination have increased since it was discovered in the 1970s that use of chlorine in drinking water produces trihalomethanes (THMs), when chlorine reacts with natural organic matter (NOM), which has been observed in increased levels in surface water during the past decades. THM and other disinfection by-products (DBPs) such as some of the haloacetic acids (HAAs) and some nitrosamines are considered probable human carcinogens by USEPA. Since DBPs are still formed even when using alternative disinfectants such as chloramines, treatment processes by which disinfection by-product precursors are removed continue to be studied. Many researchers have demonstrated that the use of pre-ozonation/biological processes in the production of drinking water has the potential to decrease levels of disinfection by-products in finished water more than conventional treatment alone. Two of the parameters which affect the efficiency of DBP precursor removal in biofilters are filter media and filter flow rate. In this research, the biofiltration process was examined using pilot-scale filters receiving ozonated water to determine the relative effectiveness of these parameters for influencing the removal of natural organic matter. The research presented in this thesis initially focuses on determining the effects of flow rate and filter media including GAC (granular activated carbon) and anthracite on decreasing the levels of THM, HAA and nitrosamine precursors in biologically active filters. In the second part, the performances of full-scale and pilot-scale filters at the Mannheim Water Treatment Plant were compared. THM and HAA precursor removal was found to decrease when loading rates were increased, likely due to associated shorter contact times in the filters. Also, higher THM and HAA precursor removal was always observed in the GAC filters than in the anthracite filters. However, removal of nitrosamines was not affected by flow rate or the type of filter media. In general, the pilot-scale filter performance was representative of full-scale filter performance, especially in regards to THM precursor and chlorine demand removal. Statistical evaluation and interpretation of the data for HAA and NDMA precursor removal was more difficult, likely due to the low concentrations of these DBPs which was near their method detection limits (MDLs) and also because of some operational problems with pilot filter #1. Despite these limitations, the results of this study add to the literature concerning the use of different types of media to support biofiltration and reduce DBP precursor concentrations during drinking water treatment.

Influence and Removal of Organics in Drinking Water

Author : Joel Mallevialle
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9780873713863
Total Pages : 384 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (138 download)

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Book Synopsis Influence and Removal of Organics in Drinking Water by : Joel Mallevialle

Download or read book Influence and Removal of Organics in Drinking Water written by Joel Mallevialle and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1992-06-23 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Use this new book to solve water treatment problems related to toxicity, taste and odor, and bacteria regrowth. Influence and Removal of Organics in Drinking Water presents the latest advances in oxidation technologies, ozonation, membrane technology, micropollutant removal, and filtration processes. Fundamental aspects of coagulation, flocculation, adsorption, ozonation, preozonation, and granular activated carbon are discussed. Filtration methods covered include biological filtration, membrane filtration, and ultrafiltration. The book will provide a useful reference for water treatment plant managers and operators, water engineers, water supply managers, and consultants.