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Author : Suhana Saiputdin
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 46 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (96 download)
Download or read book Removal of Colour from Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) Using Activated Carbon Adsorption written by Suhana Saiputdin and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Tamrin Tajari
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 210 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (957 download)
Download or read book Simulation and Optimization of Treated Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) Processing for Water Reuse written by Tamrin Tajari and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Malaysia, palm oil mill effluent (POME) production increases every year, in fact in 2013 alone, Malaysia produced more than 16 million tonne of crude palm oil (CPO) where millions of tons of treated POME were discharged into the water bodies as clean effluent after the anaerobic-aerobic treatment. Despite that, treated POME potentially can become alternative water resource for reclamation and reuse on-site. This study aims to simulate and optimize treated POME for reuse using adsorption followed by filtration for solid residual removal. Shake flasks were used to study the adsorption's isotherm and kinetics models, and later optimized using Design Expert v7.0. The simulation was done using SuperPro Designer v5.5 for the economics feasibility of the system. Process water quality standards as practiced industrially in Malaysia was used for comparison to find the suitableness of the reclaim water. Commercial powdered activated carbon (PAC) was used as an adsorbent for the study. Batch studies were used to determine the adsorption's isotherm and kinetics models for COD, calcium hardness and colour as parameters for reclamation purposes. The results show the equilibrium operational conditions were achieved at 30 g/L of PAC dosage, 15 minutes of contact time, and 150 rpm of agitation for COD, calcium hardness and colour adsorption with removal efficiency of more than 90%. The isotherm models show that COD, calcium hardness, and colour were best suited for Freundlich isotherm model with R2 values of 0.9812, 0.9917, and 0.8835 respectively, while the kinetic models show all the adsorbates best suited the pseudo-second-order kinetic model with R2 values of 1.000. ANOVA results using Design Expert v7.0 indicate the quadratic model for COD, calcium hardness, and colour was significant with R2, adjusted-R2 and predicted-R2 more than 0.90. The optimum values obtained show that the lowest adsorbates residual can be achieved by using 40 g/L PAC dosage, while there were dynamic relationship between contact time and agitation as shown in run 8 and run 10 in the optimization table to achieve minimum adsorbates residual. In addition, the validation process proves the optimization models were valid with less 10% of measured and calculated results for shake flask, meanwhile when scaled-up to 5L of sample, the results gave satisfactory results for all of the adsorbates. The economic analysis of the system shows the market price of the PAC determines more than 96% of the total operating costs with unit production cost of RM13/m3 of reclaim water from treated POME, which is highly likely not feasible if the design and the process modification was not done later or using alternative adsorbent which is more cheaper. However, the results obtained in the validation process shows the effluent quality would comply generally with the standards in paper sector as practiced in the Europe (AquaFit4Use, 2010), water makeup for cooling water and other various industries (USEPA, 2004), and as practiced by petrochemical plants as makeup water for cooling water in Malaysia. This show that the proposed treatment system potentially able to reclaim biologically treated POME for reuse (in terms of quality), thus industrial sustainability and environmental friendly are achievable.
Author : Ervin Orlandini
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351425293
Total Pages : 188 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (514 download)
Download or read book Pesticide Removal by Combined Ozonation and Granular Activated Carbon Filtration written by Ervin Orlandini and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-12-19 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research aimed to identify and understand mechanisms thar underlie the beneficial effect of ozonation on removal of pesticides and other micropollutants by Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) filtration. This allows optimization of the combination of these two processes, termed Biological Activated Carbon filtration. The study concluded that ozonation significantly improves removal of atrazine by GAC filtration not only due to the wellknown effect of oxidation of atrazine, but also due to the effect of partical oxidation of Background Organic Matter (BOM) present in water. Ozone-induced oxidation of BOM was found to improve adsorption of atrazine in GAC filters. Biodegradation of atrazine in these filters wasnot demonstrated. Higher GAC's adsorption capacity for atrazine and faster atrazine's mass transfer in filters with ozonated rather than non-ozonated influent were explained as due to ozonated BOM. Both can be attributed to enhanced biodegradability and reduced adsorbsbility of partially ozidated BOM compounds, resulting in their increased biodegradation and decreased adsorption in GAC filters.
Author : Iqbal Ahmed
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 1838819002
Total Pages : 460 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (388 download)
Download or read book Promising Techniques for Wastewater Treatment and Water Quality Assessment written by Iqbal Ahmed and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2021-12-01 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews the primary aspects of wastewater treatment processing techniques and designs, as well as water quality assessment. Chapters address microwave digestive techniques of wastewater treatment, advanced ozone oxidative and photo processes, and reactive distillation for various applications. The book is a useful resource for choosing applicable processing techniques and design parameters.
Author : Mihir Kumar Purkait
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 042968682X
Total Pages : 346 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (296 download)
Download or read book Treatment of Industrial Effluents written by Mihir Kumar Purkait and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-09-06 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To address the issue of discharge of untreated industrial effluent in the water body causing pollution, adoption of cleaner production technologies and waste minimization initiatives are being encouraged. The book explains each related technology elaborately and critically analyses the same from practical application point of view. In-depth characterization, environmental and health effects and treatment of various industrial effluents are discussed with case studies. Limitations, challenges and remedial actions to be taken are included at the end of each chapter. Chapters are arranged as per specific type of effluents from various industries like textile, tannery/leather plant, and oil refinery.
Author : Amimul Ahsan
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 012813903X
Total Pages : 409 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)
Download or read book Nanotechnology in Water and Wastewater Treatment written by Amimul Ahsan and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-11-15 with total page 409 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanotechnology in Water and Waste Water Treatment: Theory and Applications explores the unique physicochemical and surface properties of nanoparticles and highlights the advantages they provide for engineering applications. Applications covered include the generation of fresh water from surface water and seawater, the prevention of the contamination of the environment, and the creation of effective and efficient methods for remediation of polluted waters. Each chapter covers a different nanotechnology-based approach and examines the basic principles, practical applications, recent breakthroughs and associated limitations. This book is ideal for researchers and professionals in the fields of nanotechnology, water treatment and desalination. In addition, it is also ideal for postgraduate students, industry and government professionals, managers and policymakers. - Gathers together the latest research and developments in the field from journal articles and conference proceedings - Discusses and evaluates the most economical and low cost treatment technologies - Presents information from related fields on the applicability, strengths and weaknesses of particular nanomaterials in key applications, thus allowing for the continuation and expansion of research in a range of fields
Author : Zainul Akmar Zakaria
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9811050627
Total Pages : 162 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (11 download)
Download or read book Sustainable Technologies for the Management of Agricultural Wastes written by Zainul Akmar Zakaria and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-12-21 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses modern technologies for utilizing various types of agricultural waste as a direct means of properly managing its abundance. It explores the potential of using waste materials obtained from the palm oil industry, used cooking oil, maize and tea plantations, as well as citrus-based plants for the production of useful, high-value materials such as pyroligenous acid and bio-oil (Chapter 1), ferulic acid (Chapter 4) and bio-control agents (Chapter 5-7, 9). It also includes case studies to further enhance readers’ understanding. This comprehensive volume is useful to anyone involved in agricultural waste management, green chemistry and agricultural biotechnology. It is also recommended as a reference work for all agriculture and biotechnology libraries.
Author : Emad S. M. Ameen
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 404 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (957 download)
Download or read book Production of Powdered Activated Carbon from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch for Removal of Phenol and Treatment of Palm Oil Mill Final Effluent written by Emad S. M. Ameen and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : R. J. Rush
Publisher : Water Pollution Control Directorate : Supply and Services Canada
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 142 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (3 download)
Download or read book Review of Colour Removal Technology in the Pulp and Paper Industry written by R. J. Rush and published by Water Pollution Control Directorate : Supply and Services Canada. This book was released on 1976 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The pulp and paper industry produces large volumes of effluent containing, among other things, dark brown lignin and lignin degradation products. The exact nature of the chromophoric (colour causing) groups in the wastes and the effects of these colour bodies on the aquatic environment are not known. However, developmental work on several processes for colour reduction has reached full scale application and colour removal is now required in many local areas for various reasons. Colour reduction can be achieved by either technical changes within the mill or by effluent treatment systems. In-plant modification can range from simple, inexpensive measures such as pulp washing and better "housekeeping" practices, to complex technological changes such as implementation of oxygen bleaching. While in-plant changes should be considered and implemented as a first preference, external treatment may often still be required. There are a large number of external treatment methods which are known to be technically feasible for colour removal from pulp and paper mill effluents.
Author : Rathoure, Ashok K.
Publisher : IGI Global
ISBN 13 : 1799849228
Total Pages : 455 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (998 download)
Download or read book Handbook of Research on Waste Diversion and Minimization Technologies for the Industrial Sector written by Rathoure, Ashok K. and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2021-01-08 with total page 455 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to various issues in the world including rapid urbanization and industrial processes, waste generation has reached levels that are becoming detrimental to the environment and the global population. Waste management has remained a challenging issue for many professional sectors as it is directly linked to an organization’s performance; however, the implementation of efficient and cost-effective waste minimization plans is the first step in improving the global environment. Innovative technologies in waste management are emerging and can help professionals looking to implement more efficient methods of pollution control. The Handbook of Research on Waste Diversion and Minimization Technologies for the Industrial Sector is a pivotal reference source that provides vital research on the application of modern pollution-control methodologies in industrialized environments. While highlighting topics such as life cycle assessment, bioremediation, and thermal waste treatment, this publication explores environmental risk reduction scenarios as well as sustainable waste-collecting solutions. This book is ideally designed for researchers, industrialists, environmentalists, practitioners, policymakers, scientists, students, and academicians seeking current research on innovative advancements in waste minimization techniques.
Author : Galuh Yuliani
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 364 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (11 download)
Download or read book Colour Removal from Magnesium Bisulphite Pulp and Paper Mill Effluent Using Lignite Adsorption and Salt Coagulation written by Galuh Yuliani and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The removal of colour, organics and phosphorus from pulp and paper mill effluent and the development of colour of the wastewater were investigated. These contaminants are considered to be the most important due to their resistance over common treatment applied by the mill.Two approaches, adsorption and coagulation, were chosen for investigation of the removal of colour, organics and phosphorus from aqueous discharges of a bisulphite pulp and paper mill. Additionally, the colour generation induced by UV irradiation of the treated effluents was investigated. This study was carried out to explore the possibility of UV-induced colour development of the effluent over the long term and to characterize the colour producing species from the wastewater.Cheap and highly abundant brown coal (or lignite) was utilized as adsorbent for colour, phosphorus, and organics from the industrial effluent. Knowledge on the mechanism of brown coal adsorption, selectivity, the effect of pre-treatment and physical properties of brown coal is crucial for the future application of brown coal in the water industry. The mechanism of brown coal adsorption was investigated using various brown coal samples differing in physical and chemical composition and two model dye solutions, cationic (safranin) and anionic (alizarin red) dyes. The capacities of some brown coals (Loy Yang high Na and Yallourn) were higher than commercial coal-based activated carbon. However, the adsorption capacities of all brown coal samples for an anionic dye were very low, less than 3% of that for activated carbon. This result reveals the potential of brown coal to remove positively charged contaminants from aqueous solutions and suggests cation-exchange as the major mechanism involved. Effects of brown coal pre-treatment, drying and washing, were investigated. The equilibrium adsorption data were analysed using the two most popular adsorption isotherms, Langmuir and Freundlich. The Langmuir isotherm fitted most adsorption data of brown coal better than the Freundlich isotherm, supporting the concept of monolayer adsorption and the role of chemical adsorption in the mechanism. When applied to actual wastewater from a magnesium bisulphite pulp and paper mill, brown coal exhibited multi-component adsorption of colour, organics and phosphorus from the solution. Brown coal showed an ability to remove phosphorus from the wastewater, which could not be achieved with activated carbon; yet brown coal had significantly lower adsorption capacities for colour and organics than did activated carbon. This can be explained by the nature of organics and colour that carried negative charge in the wastewater as indicated by the zeta potential analysis. Another powerful technique for organic removal, coagulation, was then chosen to significantly reduce colour and organics content of the effluent.Coagulation using trivalent salts was selected to efficiently remove colour, organics and total phosphorus in the treated and untreated wastewater solution. Selectivity of salt-induced coagulation was achieved and showed the following trend of removal efficiency: colour ~ total phosphorus > TOC. The removal of colour and total phosphorus from concentrated pulp mill effluents were above 90%. The coagulation method was proven to be superior for the remediation of both treated and untreated effluent from pulp and paper industry. However, a small amount of colour and organics still persisted in the wastewater which may lead to colour development after treatment at the collecting discharge point.The Photometric Dispersion Analyzer (PDA) and Focused Beam Reflectance Measurement (FBRM) techniques were utilised to study the coagulation kinetics of the wastewater upon addition of salt. The involvement of fast aggregation and adsorption in the coagulation mechanism were revealed. The high critical coagulation concentration (CCC) and the significant role of trivalent salts in the coagulation process indicated the involvement of complexation reactions prior to coagulation. In coagulation, pH was also found to be a dominant factor affecting efficiency.The UV-induced colour generation of the effluent from pulp and paper industry was studied using UV-irradiation at 302 nm and 254 nm. Lignin derived compounds were suspected to be responsible for colour growth of pulp and paper wastewater. Three model compounds, lignosulfonic acid, humic acid and vanillin, were selected and studied as comparison. The yellowing rate of the wastewater solution was found to be similar to that of the model lignosulfonic acid solution supporting the occurrence of lignin compounds in the wastewater. The yellowing rate of humic acid was lower than the wastewater solution, but the yellowing rate for vanillin was significantly higher than that of the wastewater solution. The irradiation products were analysed using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), UV spectroscopy, Electrospray Mass Spectrometry (ES-MS), Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H-NMR) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The mechanism of wastewater yellowing upon irradiation was suspected to mimic the mechanism of photo-yellowing of paper. The result also suggested that UV-induced chemical reactions may be important in the aqueous discharge of pulp and paper mill effluent that could potentially enhance its colour.
Author : Xiao Jun Chew
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 86 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (96 download)
Download or read book Treatment of Palm Oil Mill Effluent Using Activated Carbon and Aquatic Plants written by Xiao Jun Chew and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Saeid Eslamian
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119478952
Total Pages : 528 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (194 download)
Download or read book Handbook of Water Harvesting and Conservation written by Saeid Eslamian and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-03-01 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water harvesting is gaining more and more recognition as a sustainable and resilient water supply options. It is economically viable, socially compatible and environmentally friendly. Water harvesting has proven to be a robust solution to overcome or reduce water shortages all over the world. It is important to understand how to apply this practice in a sustainable and effective way to make full use of its potential in a world increasingly threatened by water scarcity. The Handbook of Water Harvesting and Conservation: Basic Concepts and Fundamentals is the most comprehensive, up-to-date and applied handbook on water harvesting and conservation yet published. The book’s 30 chapters -- written by 84 outstanding international experts from approximately 20 selected countries faced by drought -- explore, critique and develop concepts and systems for water harvesting. The editors bring together many perspectives into a synthesis that is both academically based and practical in its potential applications. The Handbook of Water Harvesting and Conservation: Basic Concepts and Fundamentals is an important tool for education, research and technical works in the areas of soil, water and watershed management and is highly useful for drought strategy planning, flood management and developing techniques to adapt to climate change in urban, agricultural, forest and rangeland areas.
Author : HAMZAH MOHD SALLEH
Publisher : IIUM PRESS
ISBN 13 : 9674911529
Total Pages : 295 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (749 download)
Download or read book UTILIZATION OF WASTE FOR THE GENERATION OF VALUE-ADDED PRODUCTS written by HAMZAH MOHD SALLEH and published by IIUM PRESS. This book was released on 2022-01-10 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Utilization of waste for the Generation of Value-added Products deals with various methods of bioconversion of waste to wealth. The purpose of bringing out this volume is to present a conglomeration of articles comprising a variety of researches related to conversion of waste into value-added products and some treatment methods. The book consists of topics under broad areas of water and wastewater management to recent advances in bioenvironmental engineering. The book also covers diverse technologies including bioprocess technologies encompassing production of carbon source, biofuel, biodiesel and food application from natural resources or from waste products.
Author : Nurul Liyana Kamarudzaman
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 53 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (953 download)
Download or read book Treatment of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) by Map Precipitation written by Nurul Liyana Kamarudzaman and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The palm oil industry is one of the leading industries in Malaysia with a yearly production of more than 13 million tons of crude palm oil. However, the production of such amounts of crude palm oil result in even larger amounts of palm oil mill effluent (POME), estimated at nearly three times the quantity of crude palm oil. In this study, raw POME from KKS Jabor was treated using MAP precipitation and polished using zeolite adsorption method. MAP precipitation was used to treat and extract nutrients in the form of fertilizers, whereas, zeolite adsorption was employed to further treat the POME. Several water quality parameters were considered to determine the effectiveness of both treatment methods. Initially, for the MAP precipitation, different molar ratios of 0.5:1:1, 0.8:1:1, 1:1:0.5, 1:1:0.8, 1:1:1, 1.2:1:1 and 1.5:1:1 were prepared at pH 9 and the efficiency in contaminants removal were determined using jar tests. Further reductions in the concentrations of contaminants were obtained after treatment using zeolite adsorption methods. The total reduction in COD, BOD, turbidity, color, and ammonium nirogen were 57.45%, 55.53%, 21.00%, 78.32% and 85.48%, respectively. However, the results indicated that further treatments are required to reduce the levels of contaminants to conform to allowable discharge standards. This research clearly confirmed the MAP precipitation may be used to produce valuable slow releasing fertilizer for agricultural use. The mass and characteristics of the MAP precipitates were determined. However, high moisture contained within the precipitates might hinder the commercialization of these valuable fertilizers.
Author : Mihir Kumar Purkait
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0429686811
Total Pages : 600 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (296 download)
Download or read book Treatment of Industrial Effluents written by Mihir Kumar Purkait and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-09-06 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To address the issue of discharge of untreated industrial effluent in the water body causing pollution, adoption of cleaner production technologies and waste minimization initiatives are being encouraged. The book explains each related technology elaborately and critically analyses the same from practical application point of view. In-depth characterization, environmental and health effects and treatment of various industrial effluents are discussed with case studies. Limitations, challenges and remedial actions to be taken are included at the end of each chapter. Chapters are arranged as per specific type of effluents from various industries like textile, tannery/leather plant, and oil refinery.
Author : Faradilla Lokman
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 47 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (953 download)
Download or read book Dye Removal from Simulated Wastewater by Using Empty Fruit Bunch as an Adsorption Agent written by Faradilla Lokman and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of cheap and ecofriendly adsorbents have been studied to find an alternative substitution of activated carbon for the removal dyes from wastewater. Adsorbence from empty fruit bunches (EFB) were taken from palm oil industries were successfully remove dye from simulated wastewater. In this study, dye solution (methyl violet) were added into empty fruit bunches (EFB) which been treated with formaldehyde and sulphuric acid. This experiment's results were compared with result from similar experiment with powder activated carbon (PAC) which commonly use in industries to varying dye concentration, adsorbent dosage and pH. The result showed that the amount of the adsorbent was increased, the percentage of dye removal increased accordingly. An initial pH of the solution in the range 2-10 was favorable for the methyl violet removal for the adsorbent. The adsorption efficiency of different adsorbents was in order PAC>EFB Ttreated with sulphuric acid>EFB treated with formaldehyde. Adsorbents are very efficient in decolorized dilute solution. The empty fruit bunches (EFB) is a resource which has huge potential to be used for power generator. Today, it have been tried to use wastewater treatment as adsorption agent.
