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Removal And Inactivation Of Waterborne Viruses Using Zerovalent Iron
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Book Synopsis Removal and Inactivation of Waterborne Viruses Using Zerovalent Iron by : Liping Zhang
Download or read book Removal and Inactivation of Waterborne Viruses Using Zerovalent Iron written by Liping Zhang and published by ProQuest. This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Waterborne viruses are of great concern regarding drinking water safety because they are not always effectively removed by water treatment processes such as filtration and chlorination. Iron (oxyhydr)oxides are known to remove viruses from water, which suggests the potential of using zerovalent iron (ZVI) as a precursor of iron oxides to remove waterborne viruses. In this study, the mechanisms for virus removal and inactivation by ZVI and effect of dissolved organic matter (DOM) on the removal of viruses by ZVI were investigated through batch and column experiments using two bacteriophages, [straight phi]X174 and MS2, as model viruses. Batch experimental results indicated that removal of viruses from water by ZVI under anaerobic conditions was achieved through interactions of viruses with iron corrosion products, including aqueous Fe(II) and magnetite. Aqueous Fe(II) inactivated [straight phi]X174 but had no effect on MS2. Magnetite removed both viruses, where the removal of MS2 was mainly via reversible sorption, and for [straight phi]X174 the removal was due to both inactivation (or irreversible sorption) and reversible sorption. Column experimental results showed that DOM decreased virus removal by ZVI and that this effect was much more significant at 2.41 ppm dissolved organic carbon (DOC) compared to 0.34 ppm DOC. Competitive adsorption of DOM for the same adsorbing sites of iron corrosion products and DOM-facilitated virus transport are likely mechanisms responsible for the decreased virus removal observed in this study. Results from this study suggest that removal and inactivation of viruses by ZVI occur through multiple mechanisms involving different iron species, such as Fe(II) and magnetite. Different viruses may ix interact with iron species differently and hence are susceptible to inactivation to different extents. When ZVI is applied as a medium to treat viruses in water, pretreatment of DOM needs to be conducted to minimize its adverse effect on virus removal efficiency of ZVI.
Book Synopsis Recent Progress in Slow Sand and Alternative Biofiltration Processes by : Rolf Gimbel
Download or read book Recent Progress in Slow Sand and Alternative Biofiltration Processes written by Rolf Gimbel and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2006-03-31 with total page 580 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Slow sand filtration is typically cited as being the first "engineered" process in drinking-water treatment. Proven modifications to the conventional slow sand filtration process, the awareness of induced biological activity in riverbank filtration systems, and the growth of oxidant-induced biological removals in more rapid-rate filters (e.g. biological activated carbon) demonstrate the renaissance of biofiltration as a treatment process that remains viable for both small, rural communities and major cities. Biofiltration is expected to become even more common in the future as efforts intensify to decrease the presence of disease-causing microorganisms and disinfection by-products in drinking water, to minimize microbial regrowth potential in distribution systems, and where operator skill levels are emphasized. Recent Progress in Slow Sand and Alternative Biofiltration Processes provides a state-of-the-art assessment on a variety of biofiltration systems from studies conducted around the world. The authors collectively represent a perspective from 23 countries and include academics, biofiltration system users, designers, and manufacturers. It provides an up-to-date perspective on the physical, chemical, biological, and operational factors affecting the performance of slow sand filtration (SSF), riverbank filtration (RBF), soil-aquifer treatment (SAT), and biological activated carbon (BAC) processes. The main themes are: comparable overviews of biofiltration systems; slow sand filtration process behavior, treatment performance and process developments; and alternative biofiltration process behaviors, treatment performances, and process developments.
Book Synopsis Iron Nanomaterials for Water and Soil Treatment by : Marta I. Litter
Download or read book Iron Nanomaterials for Water and Soil Treatment written by Marta I. Litter and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-09-03 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanotechnology has a great potential for providing efficient, cost-effective, and environmentally acceptable solutions to face the increasing requirements on quality and quantity of fresh water for industrial, agricultural, or human use. Iron nanomaterials, either zerovalent iron (nZVI) or iron oxides (nFeOx), present key physicochemical properties that make them particularly attractive as contaminant removal agents for water and soil cleaning. The large surface area of these nanoparticles imparts high sorption capacity to them, along with the ability to be functionalized for the enhancement of their affinity and selectivity. However, one of the most important properties is the outstanding capacity to act as redox-active materials, transforming the pollutants to less noxious chemical species by either oxidation or reduction, such as reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) and dehalogenation of hydrocarbons. This book focuses on the methods of preparation of iron nanomaterials that can carry out contaminant removal processes and the use of these nanoparticles for cleaning waters and soils. It carefully explains the different aspects of the synthesis and characterization of iron nanoparticles and methods to evaluate their ability to remove contaminants, along with practical deployment. It overviews the advantages and disadvantages of using iron-based nanomaterials and presents a vision for the future of this nanotechnology. While this is an easy-to-understand book for beginners, it provides the latest updates to experts of this field. It also opens a multidisciplinary scope for engineers, scientists, and undergraduate and postgraduate students. Although there are a number of books published on the subject of nanomaterials, not too many of them are especially devoted to iron materials, which are rather of low cost, are nontoxic, and can be prepared easily and envisaged to be used in a large variety of applications. The literature has scarce reviews on preparation of iron nanoparticles from natural sources and lacks emphasis on the different processes, such as adsorption, redox pathways, and ionic exchange, taking place in the removal of different pollutants. Reports and mechanisms on soil treatment are not commonly found in the literature. This book opens a multidisciplinary scope for engineers and scientists and also for undergraduate or postgraduate students.
Book Synopsis Water Reclamation and Sustainability by : Satinder Ahuja
Download or read book Water Reclamation and Sustainability written by Satinder Ahuja and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-05-15 with total page 495 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many hydrological, geochemical, and biological processes associated with water reclamation and reuse are poorly understood. In particular, the occurrence and effects of trace organic and inorganic contaminants commonly found in reclaimed water necessitates careful analysis and treatment prior to safe reuse. Water Reclamation and Sustainability is a practical guide to the latest water reclamation, recycling, and reuse theory and practice. From water quality criteria and regulations to advanced techniques and implementation issues, this book offers scientists a toolkit for developing safe and successful reuse strategies. With a focus on specific contaminant removal techniques, this book comprehensively covers the full range of potential inorganic/organic contaminating compounds and highlights proven remediation methods. Socioeconomic implications related to current and future water shortages are also addressed, underscoring the many positive benefits of sustainable water resource management. - Offers pragmatic solutions to global water shortages - Provides an overview of the latest analytical techniques for water monitoring - Reviews current remediation efforts - Covers innovative technologies for green, gray, brown and black water reclamation and reuse
Book Synopsis Destruction of Hazardous Chemicals in the Laboratory by : George Lunn
Download or read book Destruction of Hazardous Chemicals in the Laboratory written by George Lunn and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2023-01-11 with total page 884 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Destruction of Hazardous Chemicals in the Laboratory Single volume reference providing procedural information for the destruction of a wide variety of hazardous chemicals Destruction of Hazardous Chemicals in the Laboratory is a practical reference that describes procedures for the destruction of a comprehensive list of hazardous chemicals and provides general methods for the destruction of hazardous chemicals in the laboratory without the need for exotic reagents and equipment. Unlike most other sources on this subject, detailed reaction parameters are provided to readers. These details will help the reader decide if a procedure will be appropriate. To further aid in reader comprehension, numerous tables throughout the book allow for ready comparison of procedures. Destruction of Hazardous Chemicals in the Laboratory also describes the critical aspects of various protocols (e.g., UV lamp type and rate of ozone flow). The updated fourth edition Includes an updated survey of the literature from 2012-2021 and features data mined from 1,500 papers. It also describes recent examples of methods that are generally applicable to organic compounds and greatly expands the section on methods for the destruction of pharmaceuticals in the laboratory. In this book, readers can expect to find detailed information on: Specific methods for the destruction of hazardous chemicals in the laboratory, such as aflatoxins, butyllithium, complex metal hydrides, ethidium bromide, MPTP, nitrosamines, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Methods for the destruction of pharmaceuticals in the laboratory, such as those using ozone, persulfate, and potassium permanganate as well as photolytic degradation procedures Procedures for drying organic solvents A discussion of the issues concerning nitrosamine formation during the destruction process, particularly when sodium hypochlorite is used A variety of indexes, including a general index, cross index of pharmaceuticals and destruction procedures, cross index of dyes and destruction procedures, and cross index of names for dyes and biological stains Destruction of Hazardous Chemicals in the Laboratory is of immense value to researchers in the laboratory by enabling them to quickly and efficiently get rid of residual amounts of hazardous chemicals when a series of experiments has ended. The procedures in the text can also be incorporated into laboratory protocols.
Book Synopsis Iron Oxide Amended Biosand Filters for Virus Removal by : Ian M. Bradley
Download or read book Iron Oxide Amended Biosand Filters for Virus Removal written by Ian M. Bradley and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Laboratory studies were performed to determine if the addition of iron oxides throughout biosand filter (BSF) media would increase virus removal due to adsorption. The proposed mechanism is electrostatic adsorption of negatively charged virion particles to positively charged iron oxides formed during the corrosion of zerovalent iron. Initial tests conducted using continuous flow, small-scale glass columns showed high MS2 bacteriophage removal in an iron-amended sand column (5-log10) compared to a sand only column (0.5-log10) over 20 pore volumes. Additionally, two experiments with a column containing iron particles revealed 4 and 5 log10 removal of rotavirus in the presence of 20 mg/L total organic carbon. Full-scale BSFs with iron particles removed >4-log10 MS2 for the duration of the experiment (287 days), while BSF with steel wool removed >4-log10 MS2 for the first 160 days. Plug flow for the BSF was shown to depend on uniformity between the iron oxide material and sand media grains. The results suggest that the duration of effective virus removal by iron-amended biosand filtration depends on source water conditions and the quantity and composition of iron material added. Overall, this study provides evidence that iron-amended BSFs may advance the field of point-of-use technologies and bring relief to millions of people suffering from waterborne diseases.
Book Synopsis Advances in Drinking Water Purification by : Sibdas Bandyopadhyay
Download or read book Advances in Drinking Water Purification written by Sibdas Bandyopadhyay and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2024-01-17 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Drinking Water Purification: Small Systems and Emerging Issues captures the knowledge and impact on the performance of various types of water purification technologies and identities the need for further development with a view to carry forward the SDG global targets of achieving safe and affordable drinking water. The book bridges the knowledge gap between various types of treatability options which is essential for selection of suitable treatment systems and augmentation in the desirable levels of specific contaminants. It focuses on providing the scope of selecting location specific technology options by presenting multiple approaches for treatment of most crucial toxic contaminants/pathogens. In addition, it provides insights into the effect of nature of impurities and selection of treatment options on the global quality of drinking water, comprising its possible impacts on the efficiency of the techniques used and thus on the safety of drinking water. This information is indispensable in identifying the appropriate technology depending on the socioeconomic conditions to address the problem of decontamination in drinking water. - Discusses point-of-use devices for the removal of organic and inorganic contaminants from drinking water - Provides a multipronged approach to encourage, recognize, protect and commercialize available options for water purification - Includes case studies for field testing/pilot trials - Provides an in-depth analysis on the efficacy of small systems with an emphasis on the sustainability, socio-technical aspects and emerging issues
Book Synopsis Waterborne Pathogens by : Majeti Narasimha Vara Prasad
Download or read book Waterborne Pathogens written by Majeti Narasimha Vara Prasad and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2020-02-07 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Waterborne Pathogens: Detection and Treatment delivers the tools and techniques on how to identify these contaminates and apply the most effective technology for their removal and treatment. Written for researchers and practicing professionals, the book starts with a brief, but readable, review of ubiquitous waterborne pathogens (primarily viruses, bacterial and parasitic protozoa). This coverage is followed by an in-depth discussion of the latest detection and treatment technologies, ranging from Biosensors, to Nanoconjugates, Membrane Based Technologies and Nanotechnology Treatment. Engineers and scientist will find this to be a valuable reference on cutting-edge techniques for suppling safe drinking water across the globe. - Explains the latest research on detection, treatment processes and remediation technologies - Includes sampling, analytical and characterization methods and approaches - Covers cutting-edge research, including Membrane Based Technologies, Nanotechnology Treatment Technologies and Bioremediation Treatment Technologies - Provides background information regarding contamination sources
Book Synopsis Drinking Water Disinfection Techniques by : Jyoti Kishen Kumar
Download or read book Drinking Water Disinfection Techniques written by Jyoti Kishen Kumar and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-12-13 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water is our natural heritage, our miracle of life. However, our increasingly technological society has become indifferent to water. Far from being pure, modern drinking water around the world contains many undesirable chemical and bacterial contaminants. The existing techniques employed for the disinfection of water are either energy-intensive or
Book Synopsis Inorganic Materials for Energy, Medicine and Environmental Remediation by : Saravanan Rajendran
Download or read book Inorganic Materials for Energy, Medicine and Environmental Remediation written by Saravanan Rajendran and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-11-25 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents concepts, methods and applications of inorganic nanomaterials for energy applications such as fuel cells and batteries, for environmental applications such as water purification, and for medicinal applications such as cancer treatments. The founding father of nanotechnology, Eric Drexler, always communicated a unique vision in exploring new materials and creating advancements in molecular nanotechnology. He emphasized the potential advantages of smaller size, higher efficiency and less needed resources for applications in energy, environment and medicine. A higher surface to volume ratio of inorganic nanomaterials is a key property.
Book Synopsis Single-stranded RNA phages by : Paul Pumpens
Download or read book Single-stranded RNA phages written by Paul Pumpens and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-02-03 with total page 1832 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a comprehensive guide to single-stranded RNA phages (family Leviviridae), first discovered in 1961. These phages played a unique role in early studies of molecular biology, the genetic code, translation, replication, suppression of mutations. Special attention is devoted to modern applications of the RNA phages and their products in nanotechnology, vaccinology, gene discovery, evolutionary and environmental studies. Included is an overview of the generation of novel vaccines, gene therapy vectors, drug delivery, and diagnostic tools exploring the role of RNA phage-derived products in the revolutionary progress of the protein tethering and bioimaging protocols. Key Features Presents the first full guide to single-stranded RNA phages Reviews the history of molecular biology summarizing the role RNA phages in the development of the life sciences Demonstrates how RNA phage-derived products have resulted in nanotechnological applications Presents an up-to-date account of the role played by RNA phages in evolutionary and environmental studies
Book Synopsis Uranium, Mining and Hydrogeology by : Broder J. Merkel
Download or read book Uranium, Mining and Hydrogeology written by Broder J. Merkel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-09-30 with total page 977 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Subject of the book is Uranium and its migration in aquatic environments. The following subjects are emphasised: Uranium mining, Phosphate mining, mine closure and remediation, Uranium in groundwater and in bedrock, biogeochemistry of Uranium, environmental behavior, and modeling. Particular results from the leading edge of international research are presented.
Book Synopsis Virus Removal and Inactivation in a Photocatalytic Membrane Reactor by : Bin Guo
Download or read book Virus Removal and Inactivation in a Photocatalytic Membrane Reactor written by Bin Guo and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 133 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Urban Water Crisis and Management by : Arun Lal Srivastav
Download or read book Urban Water Crisis and Management written by Arun Lal Srivastav and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-07-20 with total page 622 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Urban Water Crisis and Management: Strategies for Sustainable Development, Sixth Edition presents solutions for the current challenges of urban water and management strategies. Through contributed chapters, a framework is laid out for a reduction of the use of groundwater (heavily overused as a solution) and the alternative options for the supply of water to cities, or for urban water. Sections discuss urban water, its problems and management approaches, address the root causes of the water crisis in urban areas, and cover the scientific and technical knowledge necessary to manage water resources. Significant gaps between developed and developing nations in the procedure of water management are also addressed, along with practical information regarding recycling and the reuse of wastewater which is useful as baseline data for the future. Presents the quantitative study of water supply in urban areas, identifies water scarcity in megacities, and provides management approaches for sustainable development Identifies technology and the instruments required for the management and safe supply of water Includes case studies where these technologies have been successfully used
Book Synopsis Green Synthesized Iron-based Nanomaterials by : Piyal Mondal
Download or read book Green Synthesized Iron-based Nanomaterials written by Piyal Mondal and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-09-08 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers different green approaches used for the preparation of iron-based nanoparticles and their environmental remediation applications. It investi-gates various environmental applications such as antimicrobial studies, dye and heavy metal removal, and wastewater pollutant degradation by various green syn-thesized iron nanomaterials. Critical analysis of different routes and the sepa-ration techniques of iron-based nanomaterials along with the potential impacts of iron nanoparticles on human health and the atmosphere are also discussed. Overall, the authors: Summarize all the basic aspects of synthesis and application of iron-based green nanomaterials Explain morphological parameters of the prepared nanomaterials obtained from different routes and their specific applications Include different separation techniques from an industrial point of view Exclusively cover specific environmental remediation applications Discuss the future scope and challenges of green processes This book is aimed at researchers and professionals in chemical and environmental engineering, materials science, and nanotechnology.
Book Synopsis Industrial Applications of Nanomaterials by : Sabu Thomas
Download or read book Industrial Applications of Nanomaterials written by Sabu Thomas and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2019-08-12 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Industrial Applications of Nanomaterials explains the industry based applications of nanomaterials, along with their environmental impacts, lifecycle analysis, safety and sustainability. This book brings together the industrial applications of nanomaterials with the incorporation of various technologies and areas, covering new trends and challenges. Significant properties, safety and sustainability and environmental impacts of synthesis routes are also explored, as are major industrial applications, including agriculture, medicine, communication, construction, energy, and in the military. This book is an important information source for those in research and development who want to gain a greater understanding of how nanotechnology is being used to create cheaper, more efficient products. - Explains how different classes of nanomaterials are being used to create cheaper, more efficient products - Explores the environmental impacts of using a variety of nanomaterials - Discusses the challenges faced by engineers looking to integrate nanotechnology in new product development
Book Synopsis Nanoparticles in Modern Antimicrobial and Antiviral Applications by : Varaprasad Kokkarachedu
Download or read book Nanoparticles in Modern Antimicrobial and Antiviral Applications written by Varaprasad Kokkarachedu and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 425 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
