Religious School Enrollment In Pakistan

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Religious School Enrollment in Pakistan

Author : Tahir Raza Shah Andrabi
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 41 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Religious School Enrollment in Pakistan by : Tahir Raza Shah Andrabi

Download or read book Religious School Enrollment in Pakistan written by Tahir Raza Shah Andrabi and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2005 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Bold assertions have been made in policy reports and popular articles on the high and increasing enrollment in Pakistani religious schools, commonly known as madrassas. Given the importance placed on the subject by policymakers in Pakistan and those internationally, it is troubling that none of the reports and articles reviewed based their analysis on publicly available data or established statistical methodologies. The authors of this paper use published data sources and a census of schooling choice to show that existing estimates are inflated by an order of magnitude. Madrassas account for less than 1 percent of all enrollment in the country and there is no evidence of a dramatic increase in recent years. The educational landscape in Pakistan has changed substantially in the past decade, but this is due to an explosion of private schools, an important fact that has been left out of the debate on Pakistani education. Moreover, when the authors look at school choice, they find that no one explanation fits the data. While most existing theories of madrassa enrollment are based on household attributes (for instance, a preference for religious schooling or the household's access to other schooling options), the data show that among households with at least one child enrolled in a madrassa, 75 percent send their second (and/or third) child to a public or private school or both. Widely promoted theories simply do not explain this substantial variation within households. This paper--a product of the Public Services Team, Development Research Group--is part of a larger effort in the group to examine issues relating to educational outcomes"--World Bank web site.

Religious School Enrollment in Pakistan

Author : Tahir Andrabi
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (931 download)

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Book Synopsis Religious School Enrollment in Pakistan by : Tahir Andrabi

Download or read book Religious School Enrollment in Pakistan written by Tahir Andrabi and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bold assertions have been made in policy reports and popular articles on the high and increasing enrollment in Pakistani religious schools, commonly known as madrassas. Given the importance placed on the subject by policymakers in Pakistan and those internationally, it is troubling that none of the reports and articles reviewed based their analysis on publicly available data or established statistical methodologies. The authors of this paper use published data sources and a census of schooling choice to show that existing estimates are inflated by an order of magnitude. Madrassas account for less than 1 percent of all enrollment in the country and there is no evidence of a dramatic increase in recent years. The educational landscape in Pakistan has changed substantially in the past decade, but this is due to an explosion of private schools, an important fact that has been left out of the debate on Pakistani education. Moreover, when the authors look at school choice, they find that no one explanation fits the data. While most existing theories of madrassa enrollment are based on household attributes (for instance, a preference for religious schooling or the household s access to other schooling options), the data show that among households with at least one child enrolled in a madrassa, 75 percent send their second (and/or third) child to a public or private school or both. Widely promoted theories simply do not explain this substantial variation within households.

A Dime a Day

Author : Tahir Raza Shah Andrabi
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 35 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis A Dime a Day by : Tahir Raza Shah Andrabi

Download or read book A Dime a Day written by Tahir Raza Shah Andrabi and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2006 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: This paper looks at the private schooling sector in Pakistan, a country that is seriously behind schedule in achieving the Millennium Development Goals. Using new data, the authors document the phenomenal rise of the private sector in Pakistan and show that an increasing segment of children enrolled in private schools are from rural areas and from middle-class and poorer families. The key element in their rise is their low fees-the average fee of a rural private school in Pakistan is less than a dime a day (Rs. 6). They hire predominantly local, female, and moderately educated teachers who have limited alternative opportunities outside the village. Hiring these teachers at low cost allows the savings to be passed on to parents through low fees. This mechanism-the need to hire teachers with a certain demographic profile so that salary costs are minimized-defines the possibility of private schools: where they arise, fees are low. It also defines their limits. Private schools are horizontally constrained in that they arise in villages where there is a pool of secondary educated women. They are also vertically constrained in that they are unlikely to cater to the secondary levels in rural areas, at least until there is an increase in the supply of potential teachers with the required skills and educational levels.

The Rational Believer

Author : Masooda Bano
Publisher : Cornell University Press
ISBN 13 : 0801464331
Total Pages : 265 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (14 download)

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Book Synopsis The Rational Believer by : Masooda Bano

Download or read book The Rational Believer written by Masooda Bano and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2012-03-15 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Islamic schools, or madrasas, have been accused of radicalizing Muslims and participating, either actively or passively, in terrorist networks since the events of 9/11. In Pakistan, the 2007 siege by government forces of Islamabad’s Red Mosque and its madrasa complex, whose imam and students staged an armed resistance against the state for its support of the "war on terror," reinforced concerns about madrasas’ role in regional and global jihad. By 2006 madrasas registered with Pakistan’s five regulatory boards for religious schools enrolled over one million male and 200,000 female students. In The Rational Believer, Masooda Bano draws on rich interview, ethnographic, and survey data, as well as fieldwork conducted in madrasas throughout the country to explore the network of Pakistani madrasas. She maps the choices and decisions confronted by students, teachers, parents, and clerics and explains why available choices make participation in jihad appear at times a viable course of action. Bano's work shows that beliefs are rational and that religious believers look to maximize utility in ways not captured by classical rational choice. She applies analytical tools from the New Institutional Economics to explain apparent contradictions in the madrasa system—for example, how thousands of young Pakistani women now demand the national adoption of traditional sharia law, despite its highly restrictive limits on female agency, and do so from their location in Islamic schools for girls that were founded only a generation ago.

The Women's Movement in Pakistan

Author : Ayesha Khan
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1786735237
Total Pages : 416 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (867 download)

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Book Synopsis The Women's Movement in Pakistan by : Ayesha Khan

Download or read book The Women's Movement in Pakistan written by Ayesha Khan and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2018-11-30 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The military rule of General Zia ul-Haq, former President of Pakistan, had significant political repercussions for the country. Islamization policies were far more pronounced and control over women became the key marker of the state's adherence to religious norms. Women's rights activists mobilized as a result, campaigning to reverse oppressive policies and redefine the relationship between state, society and Islam. Their calls for a liberal democracy led them to be targeted and suppressed. This book is a history of the modern women's movement in Pakistan. The research is based on documents from the Women's Action Forum archives, court judgments on relevant cases, as well as interviews with activists, lawyers and judges and analysis of newspapers and magazines. Ayesha Khan argues that the demand for a secular state and resistance to Islamization should not be misunderstood as Pakistani women sympathizing with a western agenda. Rather, their work is a crucial contribution to the evolution of the Pakistani state. The book outlines the discriminatory laws and policies that triggered domestic and international outcry, landmark cases of sexual violence that rallied women activists together and the important breakthroughs that enhanced women's rights. At a time when the women's movement in Pakistan is in danger of shrinking, this book highlights its historic significance and its continued relevance today.

Radical, Religious, and Violent

Author : Eli Berman
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262258005
Total Pages : 315 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (622 download)

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Book Synopsis Radical, Religious, and Violent by : Eli Berman

Download or read book Radical, Religious, and Violent written by Eli Berman and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2011-09-30 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Applying fresh tools from economics to explain puzzling behaviors of religious radicals: Muslim, Christian, and Jewish; violent and benign. How do radical religious sects run such deadly terrorist organizations? Hezbollah, Hamas, Lashkar-e-Taiba, and the Taliban all began as religious groups dedicated to piety and charity. Yet once they turned to violence, they became horribly potent, executing campaigns of terrorism deadlier than those of their secular rivals. In Radical, Religious, and Violent, Eli Berman approaches the question using the economics of organizations. He first dispels some myths: radical religious terrorists are not generally motivated by the promise of rewards in the afterlife (including the infamous seventy-two virgins) or even by religious ideas in general. He argues that these terrorists (even suicide terrorists) are best understood as rational altruists seeking to help their own communities. Yet despite the vast pool of potential recruits—young altruists who feel their communities are repressed or endangered—there are less than a dozen highly lethal terrorist organizations in the world capable of sustained and coordinated violence that threatens governments and makes hundreds of millions of civilians hesitate before boarding an airplane. What's special about these organizations, and why are most of their followers religious radicals? Drawing on parallel research on radical religious Jews, Christians, and Muslims, Berman shows that the most lethal terrorist groups have a common characteristic: their leaders have found a way to control defection. Hezbollah, Hamas, and the Taliban, for example, built loyalty and cohesion by means of mutual aid, weeding out “free riders” and producing a cadre of members they could rely on. The secret of their deadly effectiveness lies in their resilience and cohesion when incentives to defect are strong.These insights suggest that provision of basic social services by competent governments adds a critical, nonviolent component to counterterrorism strategies. It undermines the violent potential of radical religious organizations without disturbing free religious practice, being drawn into theological debates with Jihadists, or endangering civilians.

Learning Levels and Gaps in Pakistan

Author : Jishnu Das
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 47 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Learning Levels and Gaps in Pakistan by : Jishnu Das

Download or read book Learning Levels and Gaps in Pakistan written by Jishnu Das and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2006 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: The authors report on a survey of primary public and private schools in rural Pakistan with a focus on student achievement as measured through test scores. Absolute learning is low compared with curricular standards and international norms. Tested at the end of the third grade, a bare majority had mastered the K-I mathematics curriculum and 31 percent could correctly form a sentence with the word "school" in the vernacular (Urdu). As in high-income countries, bivariate comparisons show that higher learning is associated with household wealth and parental literacy. In sharp contrast to high-income countries, these gaps decrease dramatically in a multivariate regression once differences between children in the same school are looked at. Consequently, the largest gaps are between schools. The gap in English test scores between government and private schools, for instance, is 12 times the gap between children from rich and poor families. To contextualize these results within a broader South Asian context, the authors use data from public schools in the state of Uttar Pradesh in India. Levels of learning and the structure of the educational gaps are similar in the two samples. As in Pakistan, absolute learning is low and the largest gaps are between schools: the gap between good and bad government schools, for instance, is 5 times the gap between children with literate and illiterate mothers.

New Islamic Schools

Author : S. Riaz
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1137382473
Total Pages : 202 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (373 download)

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Book Synopsis New Islamic Schools by : S. Riaz

Download or read book New Islamic Schools written by S. Riaz and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-05-20 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first ethnographic study of the trend toward religious, parochial schooling in urban Pakistan, this book provides data from over fifty-Karachi area schools to establish the complex reasons middle- and upper-class families enroll in religious Islamic schools.

Faithful Education

Author : Ali Riaz
Publisher : Rutgers University Press
ISBN 13 : 0813543452
Total Pages : 308 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (135 download)

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Book Synopsis Faithful Education by : Ali Riaz

Download or read book Faithful Education written by Ali Riaz and published by Rutgers University Press. This book was released on 2008 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In the wake of the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, discussions on ties between Islamic religious education institutions, namely madrassahs, and transnational terrorist groups have featured prominently in the Western media. The first book to examine these institutions and their roles in relation to current international politics, Faithful Education will be of interest to policy-makers, researchers, political analysts, and media-pundits. It will also be important reading for undergraduate and graduate students of political science, international affairs, history, South Asian studies, religious studies, and journalism."--BOOK JACKET.

The Missing Martyrs

Author : Charles Kurzman
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190907991
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (99 download)

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Book Synopsis The Missing Martyrs by : Charles Kurzman

Download or read book The Missing Martyrs written by Charles Kurzman and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-11-07 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why are there so few Muslim terrorists? With more than a billion Muslims in the world-many of whom supposedly hate the West and ardently desire martyrdom-why don't we see terrorist attacks every day? Where are the missing martyrs? These questions may seem counterintuitive, in light of the death and devastation that terrorists have wrought around the world. But the scale of violence, outside of civil war zones, has been far lower than the waves of attacks that the world feared in the wake of 9/11. Terrorists' own publications complain about Muslims' failure to join their cause. The Missing Martyrs draws on government sources and revolutionary publications, public opinion surveys and election results, historical documents and in-depth interviews with Muslims in the Middle East and around the world to examine barriers to terrorist recruitment, including liberal Islam, revolutionary rivalries, and an inelastic demand for U.S. foreign policy. This revised edition, updated to include the self-proclaimed "Islamic State," concludes that fear of terrorism should be brought into alignment with the actual level of threat, and that government policies and public opinion should be based on evidence rather than alarmist hyperbole.

The Rise of Islamic Capitalism

Author : Vali Nasr
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 141659194X
Total Pages : 207 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (165 download)

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Book Synopsis The Rise of Islamic Capitalism by : Vali Nasr

Download or read book The Rise of Islamic Capitalism written by Vali Nasr and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2009-09-15 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Leading authority on the Islamic world and influential advisor to the Obama administration Vali Nasr shows that the West’s best hope of winning the battle against Islamic extremists is to foster the growth of a vibrant new Muslim middle class. This flourishing of Muslim bourgeoisie is reshaping the mind-set, politics, and even the religious values of Muslims in much the same way the Western bourgeoisie lead the capitalist and democratic revolution in Europe. Whereas extremism has grown out of the dismal economic failures of the authoritarian Islamic regimes, Nasr explains, the wealth and aspirations of this Islamic “critical middle” put them squarely at odds with extremism. They have ushered in remarkable transformations already in Dubai, Turkey, and Indonesia, and they are the key to tipping the balance in both Iran and Pakistan. As he writes “the great battle for the soul of the Muslim world will be fought not over religion but over market capitalism.”

Securing Pakistan's Tribal Belt

Author : Daniel Seth Markey
Publisher : Council on Foreign Relations
ISBN 13 : 0876094140
Total Pages : 90 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (76 download)

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Book Synopsis Securing Pakistan's Tribal Belt by : Daniel Seth Markey

Download or read book Securing Pakistan's Tribal Belt written by Daniel Seth Markey and published by Council on Foreign Relations. This book was released on 2008 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Few dimensions of dealing with Pakistan are the source of as much frustration as the tribal areas bordering Afghanistan, the subject of this Council Special Report commissioned by the Center for Preventive Action. Daniel Markey analyzes the unique challenges of this region, which has long been largely outside Pakistani government control. He argues that the United States must work with Islamabad to confront security threats and improve governance and economic opportunity in the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA), something that could reduce militancy. The report lays out a cooperative, incentives-based strategy for the United States that would aim to increase the capacity of the Pakistani government and its security institutions, foster political and economic reform, and build confidence in the bilateral relationship. At the same time, the report outlines alternatives to be considered should this positive approach fail to advance U.S. interests. These alternatives, be they coercive sanctions to induce Pakistan to act or unilateral U.S. action against security threats, could bring some short-term progress in dealing with significant threats -- but at the cost of bringing about a more hostile Pakistan that would cease to be a partner of any sort.

Gulf Charities and Islamic Philanthropy in the 'Age of Terror' and Beyond

Author : Jonathan Benthall
Publisher : Gerlach Press
ISBN 13 : 394092492X
Total Pages : 332 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (49 download)

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Book Synopsis Gulf Charities and Islamic Philanthropy in the 'Age of Terror' and Beyond by : Jonathan Benthall

Download or read book Gulf Charities and Islamic Philanthropy in the 'Age of Terror' and Beyond written by Jonathan Benthall and published by Gerlach Press. This book was released on 2014-12-31 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gulf Charities and Islamic Philanthropy in the "Age of Terror" and Beyond is the first book to be published on the charities of Saudi Arabia and the Arabian Gulf, covering their work both domestic and international. From a diversity of viewpoints, the book addresses: the historical roots of Islamic philanthropy in religious traditions and geopolitical movements; the interactions of the Gulf charities with "Western" relief and development institutions - now under pressure owing to budgetary constraints; numerous case studies from the Middle East, Africa, and South Asia; the impact of violent extremism on the sector, with the legal repercussions that have followed - especially in the USA; the recent history of attempts to alleviate the obstacles faced by bona fide Islamic charities, whose absence from major conflict zones now leaves a vacuum for extremist groups to penetrate; the prospects for a less politicized Islamic charity sector when the so-called "war on terror" eventually loses its salience.

Informal Social Protection and Poverty

Author : Zahid Mumtaz
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811964742
Total Pages : 296 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (119 download)

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Book Synopsis Informal Social Protection and Poverty by : Zahid Mumtaz

Download or read book Informal Social Protection and Poverty written by Zahid Mumtaz and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-10-04 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book analyzes the importance of informal social protection provided by religious institutions such as madrassas in a low-income country such as Pakistan. This book explains that Madrassas are religious schools that have existed in many Muslim countries for centuries and contributed significantly to preserving, forming, and extending human knowledge in medieval times. Further, madrassas are now more commonly viewed as the providers of a narrow education, supporting religious fundamentalism, that may lead to terrorism. However, this book asserts that education is not the only function performed by madrassas. They are a significant source of welfare support for the vulnerable and marginalized households in many low-income countries. This book helps the readers to understand the concept of informal social protection not conceptualized previously. In addition, its various attributes and institutions providing such a form of welfare worldwide are explained in detail; analyzing the usefulness of such a form of social protection would benefit readers of social policy, national governments, and international donor/aid agencies. This book also provides a prescriptive framework for integrating formal and informal social protection. This book provides a new "Multiple Regime Framework", for identifying various regimes in one country at one point in time by applying a novel data collection and analysis methodology. The application of this framework would be of particular interest to social policy scholars, national governments, and donor/aid agencies because it will result in better targeting of social protection policies in the wake of fiscal constraints. Lastly, this book provides a novel data collection and analysis strategy that will benefit the reader of research methodology, development consultants, donor agencies, and policy practitioners interested in using artificial intelligence to make informed and targeted policy decisions.

The Madrassah Challenge

Author : C. Christine Fair
Publisher : 成甲書房
ISBN 13 : 9781601270283
Total Pages : 172 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (72 download)

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Book Synopsis The Madrassah Challenge by : C. Christine Fair

Download or read book The Madrassah Challenge written by C. Christine Fair and published by 成甲書房. This book was released on 2008 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fair explores the true significance of the madrassah and its role in Pakistan's educational system. She chronicles the Pakistan government's efforts to reform the madrassah system and offers important policy implications and suggestions for initiatives that might address some of the main concerns emanating from ostensible ties between education and security inside and outside Pakistan.

Global Education Monitoring Report

Author : Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee
Publisher : UNESCO Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9231005561
Total Pages : 143 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Global Education Monitoring Report by : Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee

Download or read book Global Education Monitoring Report written by Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee and published by UNESCO Publishing. This book was released on 2022-11-01 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Pakistan Since Independence

Author : Stanley B. Sprague
Publisher : McFarland
ISBN 13 : 1476681511
Total Pages : 286 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (766 download)

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Book Synopsis Pakistan Since Independence by : Stanley B. Sprague

Download or read book Pakistan Since Independence written by Stanley B. Sprague and published by McFarland. This book was released on 2020-10-29 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This concise and balanced account details Pakistan's turbulent 73-year history of civil war, military coups, political assassinations, wars with India, cooperation with the U.S. during the Afghan-Soviet war, and events following 9/11. An unpredictable nuclear nation, Pakistan has been variously described as the center of international terrorism, the world's biggest nuclear weapons proliferator, the most dangerous place in the world and, some experts predict, the most likely site of the world's first nuclear war.